• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2024

The U.N. Security Council's North Korea Sanctions Committee estimated that the amount of North Korea's cyberattacks on virtual asset-related companies from 2017 to 2023 was about 4 trillion won. North Korea's cyberattacks have secured funds through cryptocurrency hacking as it has been restricted from securing foreign currency due to economic sanctions by the international community, and it also shows the form of technology theft against defense companies, and illegal assets are being used to maintain the Kim Jong-un regime and develop nuclear and missile development. When North Korea conducted its sixth nuclear test on September 3, 2017, and declared the completion of its national nuclear armament following the launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile on November 29 of the same year, the U.N. imposed sanctions on North Korea, which are considered the strongest economic sanctions in history. In these difficult economic situations, North Korea tried to overcome the crisis through cyberattacks, but as a result of analyzing the changes through the North's cyber attack cases, the strategic goal from the first period from 2009 to 2016 was to verify and show off North Korea's cyber capabilities through the neutralization of the national network and the takeover of information, and was seen as an intention to create social chaos in South Korea. When foreign currency earnings were limited due to sanctions against North Korea in 2016, the second stage seized virtual currency and secured funds to maintain the Kim Jong-un regime and advance nuclear and missile development. The third stage is a technology hacking of domestic and foreign defense companies, focusing on taking over key technologies to achieve the five strategic weapons tasks proposed by Chairman Kim Jong-un at the 8th Party Congress in 2021. At the national level, security measures for private companies as well as state agencies should be established against North Korea's cyberattacks, and measures for legal systems, technical problems, and budgets related to science are urgently needed. It is also necessary to establish a system and manpower to respond to the ever-developing cyberattacks by focusing on cultivating and securing professional manpower such as white hackers.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2008

This study was performed to develop environmentally-friendly finishing materials for construction. In order to abate formaldehyde and ammonia in indoor air, liquid coating agents for indoor finishing were formulated with bamboo charcoal powder, cypress extracted water, and water-borne acrylic binder. Deodorization rate, far-infrared ray emission rate, anions emission amount, and anti-bacterial effect were investigated. Deodorization rate was increased as cypress extracted water content increased. Deodorization rates of the coating agents were 60.0~98.6% on formaldehyde and 76.7~86.2% on ammonia. No differences on far-infrared ray emission rate, anions emission amount, and anti-bacterial effect were found depending on different formulations. A 91.7% of far-infrared ray emission rate, 77 ea/cc of anions emission amount, and 99.4% of anti-bacterial effect were detected for all formulations. More effective application method of the coating agents revealed was a spray-gun. A $0.66kg/m^2$ of coating agent with a spray-gun and $0.94kg/m^2$ of coating agent with a brush was consumed each.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.655-668
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• 1994

Conventional deodorization filters using soil and compost reach the capacity limitation of deodorization in short period, because its removal mechanism primarily depends on adsorption. Therefore, in this study the experiment was performed on the removal of ammonia which is a strong inorganic malodor, frequently emitted from night soil treatment plants and sewage treatment plants, by seeding activated sludges on the bio-peat containing higher organic contents, water conservation capacity, permeability and lower pressure drop. As a result, in raw peat filter natural ammonia outlet was observed in consequence of pH increase resulted from ammonia ionizing in liquid phase. Ammonia removal mechanism primarily depended on the adsorption onto the anion colloidal substances in peat. In peat bio-filter, theoretical ammonium salts ratio was higher than that of raw peat, resulted from slight pH increase by microorganism activity, however, the experimetal value of ammonia-nitrogen accumulated in bio-peat was lower than that of raw peat because of nitrification by nitrifying bacteria. In the initial reaction period, adsorption was predominant in the ammonia removal mechanism, but nitrification was conspicuous after the middle period. Mass balance of nitrogen was established using experimental data of input $NH_3$ loading, output $NH_3$ loading, $NH_4{^+}$-N, $NO_x$-N, and Org-N. The critical time of unsteady state, which is the maximum activating point of microorganism in bio-filter, was determined using experimental data, and the ammonia adsorption curve was computed using regression analysis. On the basis of the results obtained by above analysis, the delay days for the saturation of adsoption capacity in peat bio-filter was calculated.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.200-206
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• 1998

The distributions and characteristics of bacteria on the deodorizing biofilters were studied as a part of biofiltration research for odor gas removal. The odor gas originated from a currently operating nightsoil treatment plant were mainly nitrogenous compounds of ammonia and amines. The filter media were consisted various ratio of pine bark, nightsoil cast and compost, and were sampled before and after operation of 153 days. Before operation, the level of bacteria on nitrification agar medium, nutrient agar medium and thiosulfate agar medium were around $10^7{\sim}10^8cfu/g$ media. After operation, the level decreased but still high as $10^5{\sim}10^7cfu/g$ media. The bacteria from reactors before and after operations were either rod or coccus after growth on nitrification agar media. The 45 isolated heterotrophic bacteria were further characterized and Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes were dominant genera. Genus Alcaligenes was particularly dominant when the isolates were incubated on nitrification agar media first and then transfered to nutrient media. The portion of Alcaligenes in the biofilter increased after operation, and was higher in the media contained nightsoil cast, which showed better treatment than the media with pine bark only.

• 전기의세계
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• 제53권9호
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• pp.53-65
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• 2004

OLED는 LCD, PDP에 이어 평판디스플레이어의 3대 기술로 대두되고 있다. LCD는 산업 전반에 걸쳐 기술정립단계이어서 부분적인 신기술 개발, 초저가격제품 등 새로운 제품창출이 과제이다. PDP는 현재도 전력소비정감, 형광체 개선, 다면 탈취등의 공정 및 장비기술이 동시에 개선 및 개발이 이뤄져야할 부분이 남아있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 한국섬유공학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.485-488
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• 1998

활성탄소는 안정화, 탄화 및 활성화 공정을 거쳐 제조되는 표면적인 큰, 미세다공성의 탄소로서 탈색, 탈취 및 탈균 등 다목적으로 사용되고 있는 대표적인 흡착제이다[1,2]. 단순히 흡착력만의 관점에서 본다면 탄화물에 미세공의 도입이 최대화가 되는 조건을 활성탄소 제조의 최적조건이라고 볼 수 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 한국섬유공학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.55-58
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• 2001

광물성 소재인 황토는 우수한 통기성, 습도조절능력, 항균성, 탈취성능, 적조 방지 능력, 실온 유지능력, 방열효과, 우수한 원적외선 방사량 등의 장점을 지니고 있어 건축용 자재, 적조제거제, 향장 및 염색분야에 널리 사용되고 있다[1]. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 한국환경과학회 2018년도 정기학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.181-181
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• 2018

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 한국기술혁신학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.787-801
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• 2016

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2000

차량용 에어컨의 증발기 표면에 공기가 지나갈 때 결로로 인한 통풍저항 증대와 비산 현상을 억제하며 세균번식과 냄새가 발생하는 증발기에 항균성과 탈취효과를 주기 위해, 친수-항균재가 세계적으로 1980년대부터 적용되어 왔다. 본 고에서는 친수-항균재의 기술개발 동향과 평가기술을 소개하고자 한다.