• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.86-87
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• 2017

여객선의 안전은 인명의 안전과 직결되므로 이에 발맞추어 국제해사기구 (International Maritime Organization, IMO)는 빈번히 발생하는 선박의 전복 사고로 인한 인명 피해를 최소화하기 위하여 승객탈출분석 (Passenger Evacuation Analysis) 적용 지침을 꾸준히 개정 및 보완하고 있다. 승객탈출분석의 목적은 설계 단계에서의 탈출 설비의 배치 적합성 판단 및 배치된 탈출 설비를 이용하여 지침 상 규정하는 최대허용탈출시간 (Maximum allowable evacuation duration) 내에 탈출이 가능한 지를 분석하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 승객탈출분석에 관한 지침의 개정 동향 및 최근 개정된 승객탈출분석 지침 (MSC.1/Circ.1533)의 개정 방향에 대하여 소개하고자 한다. 또한 탈출 해석 관점 한국해양과학기술원에서 개발 중인 인명대피안내시스템의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여 2016년 10월 수행 된 인명대피실험과 지침 상 규정하는 고도화 알고리즘 (Advanced algorithm) 기반 승객탈출 시뮬레이션 (Maritime EXODUS)의 비교 결과를 바탕으로 해당 지침 적용 시 고려사항에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.435-441
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• 2024

Every year, safety regulations are strengthened and applied to ships to help prevent accidents. However, the number of accidents has not decreased. When fire breaks out on a ship, the escape time varies depending on wher the fire is, and the risk of hazardous factors increase. Study is conducted to better understand the risks associated with factors and causes of delayed escape time owing to changes in fire location, as well as to reduce the time delay. To study the flow of combustion products and the escape process during a fire on ship., fire and passenger escape simulation were conducted using Pyrosim and Pathfinder based on FDS. As the location of the fire changed, the average visibility distance of the escape route increased from 3.1 to 4.2 m. This indicates that the escape process was unsafe, as the passengers' escape time increased from 9 to 34 seconds compared to the case without fire. We conducted the same simulation randomly applying smoke control systems. The average visibility in the fire zone increases from 14.9 to 22.0 m. Depending on the installation of smoke suppression, escape times improved from 0.8 to 8.3 seconds. The implementation of safety improvements in the area, has clearly reduced the risk of combustion products to passengers by activating appropriate smoke control system.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.5-29
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• 2010

This study examines the welfare dynamics in Korea under the scheme of National Basic Livelihood Protection Program(NBLP). Data are drawn from Korean Welfare Panel study 2005~2007. Main findings are summarized as follows. First, the exit probabilities show a declining tendency with time on welfare increases. If the exit probabilities indeed decline over time, the earlier years on welfare deserve more interest in the policy perspective. Moreover, the vast majority of recipients are long-termers. Further efforts are needed to increase self-sufficiency through providing genuine opportunity and necessary support for recipients. Second, out-of-poverty exit and out-of-system exit are quite different in their properties. The results from the multivariate analysis confirm that the dropouts through out-of-system exit are virtually the same with those who remain on welfare. These results imply that the government should not resort to the negative policy proposals such as time limit and strengthening sanctions. Third, several explanatory variables have anticipated effect on welfare exit probabilities. Age, education, health, marital status, the presence of children, employment status have a certain level of impact on exit, with the only exception of gender. Since the identification of the determinants can facilitate sensible targeting on the potential leavers, these results have some implications on policy proposals.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 1991

Adult eclosion and emergence behavior of the black pine base scale, Matsucoccus thunbergianae Miller and Park, was studied in a laboratory. Adult eclosion in males did not appear to be limited to a specific time of the day. Newly molted male adults, at room temperatures, usually remained in the cocoons as pre-emergence adults for 0.5-20. days before emerging; most males emerged within one hour after the onset of photophase, and emergence was faster at higher light intensity. Most females molted into adults within three hours after the onset of photophase, and they were active immediately after molting. Quiescence in males appears to help the scales concentrate their sexual activity within a particular period of the day as well as to protect newly molted adults until sexual and locomotive maturity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2003

Experimental fishing was carried out to investigate the survival rate of fishes discarded after hauling from the trawl and to develop the fishing gear and method for fisheries management which can improve the survival rate of young fishes escaped from the trawl codend in offshore korean southern sea and off Cheju Island of Korea. The young fishes were bred in fish cage on the board to measure the sustainable survival time for fishes escaped from grid panel and codend. The obtained results are summarized as follows' 1. Japanese flying squid(Todarodes pacjficus), mitra squid(Loligo chinesis), hair-tail( Trichiurus lepturus), john dory(Zeus japonicus), spanish mackerel(Scomberomorus niphonius), redlip croaker (Pseudosciaena polyactis) and blackthroat seaperch(Doederliinia berycoides) were dead instantly after hauling. 2. Survival rate of tiger shark(Galeocerdo cuvier), conger eel (Conger myriaster), red skate (Dasyatis akajei), black scraper(Navodon modestus) and japanese fan lobster(Ibacus ciliatus) might be high after discarding because they survived for long hours in fish cage. 3. Blotched eelpout(Zoarces gili) escaped from the escapement device(grid) was dead within 6 hours in the water tank installed on the board but 97% of tiger shark and 72% of conger eel survived over 72 hours. 4. Red skate escaped from trawl codend was dead within 60 hours in the water tank installed on the board but sustainable survival time of 25% of octopus(Paroctopus dofleini) and 100% of black scraper was over 72 hours. 5. Compared with the survival rate of rosefish(Helicolenus higendorfi) escaped from the escapement device(grid) and trawl codend, all of the rosefish escaped from the grid was dead within 7.2 hours but 8.3% of the rosefish escaped from the codend survived over 72 hours. 6. In comparison with the survival rate of japanese fan lobster survived over 72 hours, survival rate of japanese fan lobster escaped the codend was much higher as 75% than 33% of japanese fan lobster escaped from the grid.

• Journal of Korea Ship Safrty Technology Authority
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• s.29
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• pp.16-25
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• 2010

선박화재는 육상과 달리 숙련된 인원과 다양한 장비에 의한 소화활동이 곤란하며 거의 자체적인 진화작업을 수행해야하므로 소화가 쉽지 않다. 화재는 일반적으로 화염에 의한 인명사고 보다 매연에 의한 질식사의 확률이 높으므로 인명사고를 방지하기 위해서는 신속한 초기 진화가 가장 중요하다. 하지만 여러 가지 이유로 부득이 소화가 지연되거나 불가능할 경우에는 화재 구역으로부터 신속한 탈출만이 인명사고를 방지할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 CFD기법을 이용한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 선박화재시 탈출에 지장이 되는 매연농도를 측정하고 피난시간과 비교하여 적절한 피난이 가능한지에 대한 안전성을 검토하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.60-63
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• 2002

Edwards Duromedics mechanical valve was introduced into clinical use in 1982 and is still being used today after several modifications. Valve-related complications after mechanical valve replacement are thiombo-embolism, endocarditis, valve malfunction, valve leaflet escape and fracture. Incidence of valve leaflet escape is very low. A 40 year-old male patient who had undergone mitral replacement with a 31mm Edwards Duromedics mechanical valve(model

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 1999

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of developmental stage and embryo age of in vitro produced bovine blastocysts after vitrification and thawing. In vitro cultured day 8 blastocysts after IVF were equilibrated 20% ethylene glycol (EG) for 3 min. and were vitrified using EFS40, which is consisted of 40% EG, 18% ficoll, 0.3M sucrose and 10% FBS added in mDPBS for 30 sec. before being plunged into $LN_2$. Also, survival in vitro was assessed by re-expansion and hatching or hatched at 24 hand 48 h postwarming, respectively. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows; 1) When the embryos were cultured for 8 day after IVF, 41.0% of the cleaved embryos developed to the blastocysts (early; 7.6%, expanded; 22.9%, hatching; 4.6% and hatched; 5.9%). 2) When the embryos were exposed or vitrified to the freezing solution, the re-expansion of vitrified embryos (73.3%) was significantly lower than that of control and exposed embryos (100, 97.0%) (p<0.05). But the formation rate of hatching or hatched blastocysts of vitrified embryos (66.7, 46.7%) at 48h after thawing was similar to that of exposed embryos (66.7, 39.4%) but not control (100, 100%) (p<0.01). However, in the total cell numbers of those developed hatched blastocysts, there were not significantly different among the treatment groups. 3) When the embryo survival rates by different developmental stage were examined, the re-expansion was not different among the groups $(64.5{\sim}75.6%)$. After warming 48 h, the hatching and hatched formation of early blastocysts (25.8, 9.7%) was significantly lower than those of expanded (69.7, 39.4%) and hatching blastocysts (53.3, 43.3%) (p<0.05). 4) In addition, when the expanded blastocysts at day 7, 8 and 9 were vitrified, the re-expansion of day 8 and 9 embryos was significantly lower than that of day 7 (day 7; 93.9%, day 8; 75.8% and day 9; 87.5%) (p<0.05). However, the rates of development to hatched blastocysts were no difference among the groups (day 7; 36.4%, day 8; 36.4% and day 9; 31.3%). These results suggested that in vitro produced expanded or hatching blastocysts can be efficiently cryopreserved by the two-step vitrification method using EFS40.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.920-923
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• 2017

최근 방 탈출 게임이 두뇌 활성화에 도움이 된다고 알려지면서 유행이 되었다. 하지만 PC, 모바일의 경우 몰입도가 떨어지고, 현실의 경우 시간과 장소의 제약이 생긴다. 이러한 제약 요소를 해소하기 위해 기존의 방 탈출 게임과 VR기술을 접목시킨 몰입형 미션 시뮬레이션 게임을 기획하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 VR 방 탈출 시뮬레이션 게임을 제작하기 위해 사용된 S/W와 H/W 구성도, 기능 및 시스템 시나리오 그리고 게임을 통해 얻을 수 있는 기대효과를 4가지 유형으로 기술하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.149-155
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• 2011

This paper presents simulations of advance evacuation analysis using a cellular automata model for passenger behavior in an emergency of passenger ship. The proposed cellular automata model divides the space in a uniform grid called "cell." Each passenger is located in a cell and moves to another cell according to a set of local rules assumed to be associated with the individual and crowd behaviors of the passengers. To verify the usefulness of the proposed cellular automata model, 11 tests, all of which are specified in International Maritime Organization Maritime Safety Committee/ Circulation 1238 (IMO MSC/Circ. 1238), were implemented, and it was confirmed that all the requirements of these tests had been met.