• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.186-192
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• 2014

Purpose: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased in both the adult population and in adolescents. However, few studies have been conducted for adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine the association of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors with high carbohydrate diet and high fat diet using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1998-2009). Methods: Using the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for Korean Dietary Reference Intakes, subjects whose energy intake from carbohydrate was greater than 70% and from fat was less than 15% were classified as the 'High-carbohydrate & low-fat diet (HCLF)' group and subjects whose energy intake from carbohydrate was less than 60% and from fat was 25% or more were classified as the 'Low-carbohydrate & high-fat Diet (LCHF)' group. Among 5,931 eligible subjects, HCLF included 853 subjects and LCHF included 1,084 subjects. Results: The mean age in both groups was 14 years and significant difference in age, BMI, sex, physical activity, and household income was observed between the HCLF and LCHF groups. Regarding the energy intake compared to Estimated Energy Requirement, the HCLF group met 79.0% and the LCHF group met 100.3%. Regarding nutrient intake per 1,000 kcal, carbohydrate, iron, potassium, and vitamin C intake in the HCLF group were significantly higher, but protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin intakes were significantly lower in the HCLF group compared to the LCHF group. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, study year, household income, physical activity, and energy intake, the serum triglycerides level and systolic blood pressure were slightly higher, while the serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly lower in HCLF than LCHF. The odds ratio of metabolic syndrome did not differ significantly between HCLF and LCHF. Conclusion: Our findings indicate an association of a high carbohydrate diet with increased risks for metabolic syndrome components. Conduct of future studies would be necessary in order to explore the underlying mechanism and to confirm our findings in a prospective study.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.187-202
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• 1976

Experiment were conducted to study the photosynthetic ability of several rice varieties and the influence of the drymatter production on the yield components of the rice plant, especially in ripening period. The photosynthetic ability at the ripening period, the varieties were classified into two groups as relatively high capacity and low capacity. With the earlier the transplanting date and the higher the N-content leaf blade, the greater the ratio of reserved assimilates befere heading time to the ear. This could be support the fact that the rate of full-ripened grains or grain yield of 'Tongil' variety may increased by the change of environment condition.condition.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.354-368
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• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluated the glycemic response of diets using estimated glycemic load (eGL), which had been developed for mixed meals for Korean adults, and examined its associations with cardiometabolic risk factors among Korean adults. Methods: A total of 4,655 men and 6,760 women aged 19 years and above were included from the 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. eGL was calculated by each meal (breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snack) and then summed to give daily total eGL. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association. Results: Mean daily total eGL was 112.6 in men and 99.3 in women. Daily total eGL was positively associated with carbohydrate and fiber intakes, but negatively associated with protein and fat intakes in both men and women (p < 0.05 for all). Daily total eGL showed an inverse association with HDL-cholesterol level in both men and women (p = 0.0036 for men and p = 0.0008 for women). Men in the highest quintile of daily total eGL showed a 66% increased risk of hypercholesterolemia (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.10 ~ 2.50; p for trend = 0.0447) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Conclusion: These findings suggest that eGL based on carbohydrate, protein, fat and fiber intakes can reflect glycemic response and therefore can be used as an index for dietary planning, nutrition education and in the food industry.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.513-523
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• 2010

The food and nutrient intakes on weekdays and weekends was examined with 196 high school girls residing in Seoul using the 3-day food record. Frequency for skipping breakfast was higher than that for lunch and dinner. Frequencies for skipping breakfast and lunch were significantly higher on weekends than on weekdays (p < 0.05). The daily average food, vegetable food, and animal food intakes were 1,074.8 g, 680.0 g, and 317.3 g, respectively. The total food and vegetable food intakes on weekdays were significantly higher than on weekends (p < 0.05). The daily average dietary variety score (DVS) was 20.5, and was significantly higher on weekdays (23.3) than on weekends (15.1)(p < 0.05). The daily averages of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate intake were 1,732.9 kcal, 68 g, 56.2 g, and 240.9 g, respectively. Energy, protein, carbohydrate, phosphate, iron, sodium, potassium, thiamin, niacin, folate and vitamin C intakes were significantly higher on weekdays than on weekends (p < 0.05). Fat intake was significantly lower on weekdays than on weekends (p < 0.05). The daily average percentages of energy intake from carbohydrate, protein, and fat were 55.4%, 15.6%, and 29.0%: 56.1%, 15.8%, and 28.2% on weekdays and 54.7%, 15.3%, and 30.1% on weekends, respectively. The percentages of energy intake from carbohydrate on weekdays and weekends were below 60%, and that from fat was above 28% on weekdays and weekends. The daily averages of energy, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin and phosphate intake were above 80% as compared with the estimated energy requirement (EER) or the recommended intake (RI). The intakes of calcium, potassium and folate were below 50% as compared with the adequate intake (AI) or (RI). The daily average mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an index of overall dietary quality, was 0.77, and significantly high school girls was worse on weekends than on weekdays.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.300-308
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• 1996

This study was conducted to identify factors involved in rooting of Japanese larch cuttings. Cuttings were taken every week from June 24th to July 25th before and after the 10th of July which supposed to be best time for cutting. The content of IAA, carbohydrate, nitrogen and inorganic elements such as $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $K^+$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ within cutting materials were analyzed. After the cuttings were planted, the root development was observed every week. Cuttings of easy-to-root clones were higher in IAA contents than the cuttings of hard-to-root clones at the time of cuttings were taken. There were significant differences in moisture content of cuttings taken on June 24th and July 25th between easy-to-root and hard-to-root clones, however no significant differences in moisture contents were observed between them taken on the 8th and 15th of July which supposed to be the best time for cutting. Inorganic matters and carbohydrate contents of cuttings taken from hedged trees were higher than those of non-hedged trees. The ratios K/C and C/N of cuttings taken from hedged trees were higher than those of non-hedged trees. Cuttings taken from easy-to-root clones showed higher content of carbohydrate and nitrogen than those of hard-to-root clones. The contents of inorganic elements, such as $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $K^+$, and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ in cutting taken from hard-to-root clones were slightly higher than that of easy-to-root clones. The ratio C/N and K/C of cuttings which were taken from easy-to-root clones have shown a similar trend of carbohydrate and nitrogen. These data indicate that there was no one dominant factor that affect rooting of cutting, but many factors such as contents of IAA, carbohydrate, nitrogen, phosphate, and ratios of C/N and K/C appeared to affect on rooting of cuttings variously. Most of root initials were formed from phloem tissue within one week after cutting, and few were formed from callus tissue. Root primordia were developed from root initials within two weeks after cutting, and most of new roots were developed from root primordia within about five weeks after cutting.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 1972

Protein and carbohydrate contents in polished barley were investigated for two leading varieties in Korea. The contents of crude protein $(total\;nitrogen{\times}5.83)$ were 8.60% for mean. 15.39% for maximum and 6.06% for minimum, and only one third of 22 varieties showed values above mean. the contents of crude protein was significantly correlated with dye binding capacity $(r=0.82^{**})$but insignificantly carbohydrate content. Kyong No.1 (15.39%), Kwan-Chui-Gi (12.42) and Yong-Weul-Yuk-Kak (11.95) can be classified as high protein varieties having appear to be unpopular to farmers. About 50% of barley field was occupied by varieties having protein content above mean, and Kyongnam-Daimaik no.89 (6.76%) a low protein variety, occupied about 8% of barley field, during last decade with little change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.331-337
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• 1996

본 연구는 콩을 이용한 가공식품개발을 목적으로 두유 가열시 기액 표면에 형성되는 SPLF의 제조조건과 이화학적인 특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 고형분이 각각 4.9%, 6.2%, 7.45%, 9.01%인 두유를 $95\pm1^{\circ}C의$ 수욕상에서 가열하면서 순차적으로 얻어지는 SPLF의 중량과 두께를 측정한 결과 고형분이 높은 것일수록 우수하였으며, 시간당 SPLF의 생성률은 고형분에 따라 다른 경향을 보이는 데 높은 고형분에서는 가온 초기에는 생성률이 크나 그 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. SPLF의 색도는 걷는 횟수가 증가할수록 흰색은 감소하고 적색과 황색은 증가하여 색차($\Delta$E)가 증가하였다. SPLF의 hardness는 고형분 6.20%인 두유로부터 4번째 걷어진 sheet에서 크게 나타났다. SPLF의 일반성분 분석 결과 단백질의 함량은 3, 4, 5번째 채취한 것이 높았고 지방은 점차 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 탄수화물과 회분은 증가하는 경향을 보였고 SPLF의 주성분인 단백질과 지질의 비는 증가하였으며 당질은 그 함유 비율이 점점 커졌다. 원료콩과 비교한 유리당의 이행률의 분석한 결과, 걷는 횟수에 따라 증가하여 서당은 97%가, stachyose와 raffinose는 각각 89%, 49%가 이행되었다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 1986

To clarify the effects of several carbohydrates on the biodegradation of lignin by Pleurotus ostreatus. The strain was cultured on the media formulated with lignin and carbohydrates such as cellulose, xylan, collobiose, glucose and xylose, which was added individually. The culture mixtures grown 36 days were filtered and then estimated the degree of lignin biodegradation. It was found that the growth of P. ostreatus was stimulated and the depoly-merization was also increased by the addition of carbohydrates. When the carbohydrates were not added, polymerization was apparent in stead of depolymerization. In the case of glucose as an added carbohydrate, the content of lignin by the nitrosolignin method was greatly (about 7.4 times) decreased than control which contains lignin as a carbon source. The peak of lignin at 280nm in UV spectra was decreased about 27% after 27 days of culture. As results, it was assumed that lignin biodegradation was correlated to the carbohydrates and especially glucose was very significant role in lignin degradation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.113-114
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• 2011

차세대식품으로 주목받고 있는 스피룰리나의 항균성 유산균(Probiotics: Lactobacillus Pentosus) 발효를 통해 얻어지는 항균성 발효스피룰리나의 국민건강증진 방편으로 이를 이용, 소비자 및 수요자의 접근을 용의하기위하며, 주 소비층인 환자, 노약자, 임산부, 어린이층의 Target content의 개발과 발효스피룰리나에 대한 시험결과 즉, 2010년 3월 락토바실러스 펜토수스 K34를 이용해 발효한 결과 발효공정을 통해 락트산; 아세트산; 구연산; 숙신산등의 유기산이 적어도 3종 이상 생성되었으며, 단백질 함량은 10% 이하로 변화를 보이지 않았고, 탄수화물의 거의 분해되어 락트산 및 프로피온산 등의 유기산으로 변화됨에 따라, 개발된 새로운 식품원료의 다양한 식품개발은 건강증진을 위해 소비수요층의 용의한 접근의 한 방편으로, 만화나 일러스트레이션을 이용한 접근을 통한 홍보 전략이 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2011.05b
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• pp.907-910
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• 2011

현대인의 식생활에서 편리성, 기능성, 다양성을 부여할 수 있는 신제품 개발로 기능성 소재를 첨가한 새우젓 분말 seasoning/mix를 제조하였다. 일반성분 중 조단백과 조지방 함량은 새우젓분말이 높게 나타났고, 탄수화물은 SFM-3이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 무기질 중 칼슘, 철분, 인의 함량은 다른 첨가군에 비해 새우젓분말이 높은 것으로 분석되었으며, 나트륨 함량은 새우젓 분말이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 색도에 있어서 L값은 표고버섯 첨가군이 어두워지는 경향을 보였으며, a값은 뽕잎분말 첨가군이 높게 나타났다. b값은 백년초가루 첨가군이 높은 값으로 나타났으며 대장균은 음성으로 검출되지 않았다.