• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.219
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• pp.11-14
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• 2008

탄수화물은 에너지의 주 공급원으로 혈당에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 영양소이다. 먹는 양에 비례해서 혈당을 상승시키므로 한 번에 많은 양을 섭취하는 것은 바람직하지 않으며, 혈당 조절을 위해 탄수화물의 양을 잘 조절해야한다. 탄수화물이 혈당에 미치는 영향은 섭취하는 탄수화물의 양이 가장 중요하지만, 탄수화물의 종류에 따라서도 혈당 반응의 차이가 있기 때문에 탄수화물의 종류와 특성을 이해하고, 혈당이 천천히 덜 올라가는 탄수화물을 선택하는 것이 중요하다.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.23 no.9 s.263
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• pp.116-118
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• 1991

탄수화물은 자연계에 널리 분포되어 있고 특히 식물계에 많이 분포되어 있으며 동물의 영양소로써 매우 중요한 물질이다. 앞에서 언급한 바와 같이 가축의 체내에서 에너지원으로 이용될 수 있는 영양소는 지방, 탄수화물, 단백질이 있다. 이 세가지 영양소 중에서 탄수화물은 가장 경제적이고 풍부한 에너지 공급원이다. 탄수화물은 식물체내에서 엽록소의 작용에 의하여 태양열을 이용하여 $CO{_2}$와$H{_2}O$로부터 합성된다. 동물은 식물이 합성한 탄수화물을 이용하는 것인데 식물체내에 존재하는 탄수화물을 모두 동물이 이용하는 것이 아니고 어떤 것은 동물이 이용할 수 있으나 어떤 것은 이용할 수 없다. 동물이 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 형태의 탄수화물은 주로 전분(starch)으로 구성되어 있으며 식물의 세포질에 포함되어 있으며 식물 자체의 에너지 공급 또는 에너지 저장의 기능을 수행하고 있다. 한편 동물이 쉽게 이용할 수 없는 형태의 탄수화물은 주로 섬유소(cellulose)가 대부분을 이루고 있으며 식물의 세포막의 주성분이고 식물체의 형태를 지탱하는 역할을 하고 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.584-593
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• 2021

In the 2020 Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans, an acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR), similar to the one established in 2015, was determined for carbohydrates. AMDR is the ratio that signifies energy intake from carbohydrates to the total energy intake, and is a reference that indicates a decreasing risk of chronic diseases. The AMDR of carbohydrate was determined to be optimal at 55-65% for all ages above 1 year. For the first time, in the year 2020, the estimated average requirement (EAR) and recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for carbohydrates were established. The EAR was based on the amount of glucose used per day in the brain, and was set at 100 g/day for all ages above 1 year. The RNI was set at 130 g/day, by adding a double coefficient of variation using a 15% coefficient of variation, for all ages above 1 year. In pregnant women, the amount of glucose utilized by the fetus brain was considered additionally, and for lactating women the amount of lactose secreted into maternal milk was additionally taken into consideration. Since the EAR of carbohydrate indicates the minimum amount of glucose required by the brain and is not an appropriate intake amount as an energy source, it is incorrect to compare the carbohydrate intake with the EAR or RNI. To evaluate the nutritional status of carbohydrate, it is appropriate to use the AMDR. Carbohydrate intakes within the AMDR range has the possibility in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Hence, it is important to consider the quality as well as quantity of carbohydrates consumed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 1982

The changes of total carbohydrates and trehalose levels during differentiation of A. niger were studied. Aspergillus niger was cultivated in Czapeck-Dox medium by the method of surface culture and shake culture. Total carbohydrates and trehalose were fractionated and determined by the method of Trevelyan and Harrison (1956). Total carbohydrates and trehalose accumulated in A. niger during sporulation. The influences of nutritional starvation on the levels of cellular carbohydrates in A. niger, which was cultivated in each nitrogen, phosphate and glucose limited Czapeck-Dox medium, were studied. The levels of total carbohydrates and trehalose in A. niger cultivated in nitrogen limited medium increased much than those cultured in full medium. The total carborates and trehalose levels in A. niger cultivated in phosphate limited medium increased, but the increases were less than those cultured in nitrogen limitted medium. In glucose limited medium, any changes of total carbohydrates and trehalose levels were not found. It is considered that the biochemical mechanisms responsible for the changes of total carbohydrates and trehalose levels may be related with differentiation of Aspergillus niger.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.289-298
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• 2023

Stored rice grain undergoes physical and chemical deteriorations over time. As temperature and moisture content are important factors affecting to the denaturation of rice, it is important to store rice at a low temperature and hermetic condition. From a microscopic point of view, many studies have already reported how proteins and lipids were denatured within rice grain. Meanwhile, the weight loss of rice is currently observed at actual storage sites and can occur for diverse reasons. In this study, it was assumed that the decomposition process of polysaccharides, known as the main component of rice, plays an important role in its weight loss. In specific, the roles of enzymes were also evaluated. Our interest is in the major polysaccharides within a rice grain such as starch as well as within a rice endosperm cell wall. It is suspected that the weight loss of rice grains during storage seems to associate with the degradation of amylose and amylopectin. Nevertheless, it should be also speculated the correlating effect of other components such as proteins and lipids.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 1994

은행나무와 곰솔의 유식물의 산성비에 대한 생장에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 pH 5.6을 대조구로 하여 pH 4.0, 3.2와 2.4의 인공산성비를 3개월간 처리하여 생장량, 엽록소 함량과 탄수화물의 함량을 조사하였다. 은행나무와 곰솔의 유식물은 pH2.4에서 생장이 가장 억제되었으며 반면에 pH 3.2에서는 생장이 촉진되었다. 전체적인 생장량은 뿌리에 비해 지상부의 생장에서 산성비의 영향을 더 받았다. 엽록소 함량은 산성비의 산도에 따라 중요한 차이가 없었으며 은행나무 잎의 탄수화물의 함량은 포도당과 설탕의 함량이 pH 4.0에서 가장 낮았고 전분의 함량은 pH 3.2에서 가장 낮았다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.254
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• pp.26-27
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• 2011

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.722-727
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• 2003

Xylitol is a 5-carbons carbohydrate, which can be replaced with sucrose for preventing caries. The effect of carbohydrates and their combinations with xylitol was studied for the replication of oral bacteria such as Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus salivarius. The replication of Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus salivarius was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol. When Streptococcus oralis was incubated for 8 hours in the media added with lactose or sucrose, the optical density was 0.915 and 1.107, repectively. while being 0.127 and 0.104, respectively in the media combined with xylitol. When Streptococcus salivarius was incubated for 8 hours in the media added with lactose or fructose, the optical density was 1.550 and 0.420, repectively. while being 0.271 and 0.905, respectively in the media combined with xylitol. These results indicated that the replication of Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus salivarius was changed according to kinds of carbohydrates and combined addition of xylitol.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.286-293
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• 1990

Studies were carried out to investigate the change in protiens and carbohydrates from diapausing pupae of the Oriental tobacco budworm, Heliothis assulta Guenee. The oxygen consumption rate of non-diapausing pupae through the whole pupal period showed an U-shaped curve, while that of diapausing pupae decreased to a mean level of 20$\mu$1/g/hr. But the rate of oxygen consumption increased in diapausing pupae before their emergence. The body weight of diapausing pupae showed almost no change during 12 days after pupation. The total contents of major carbohydrates and soluble proteins were higher in diapausing pupae than those in non-diapausing pupae and the change in carbohydrate and protein contents was more dynamic in non-diapausing pupae than that of diapausing pupae. the electrophoretic band patterns of proteins were similar in both of diapausing and non-diapausing pupae. Diapausing pupae increased their haemolmph osmolarity further when they were exposed to low temperatures.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.255
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• pp.38-39
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• 2011