• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.129-142
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• 2012

This study was carried out to evaluate carbon footprint during unhulled rice production and to compare mitigation technologies of methane, main carbon source during rice production, Carbon footprint of unhulled rice was a sum of $CO_2$ emission of agri-materials manufacture, rice cultivation and waste treatment. It was emitted 1.40 kg $CO_2$ during unhulled rice production, its distribution was 71.1% by $CH_4$ emission of rice cultivation, 11.8% of $N_2O$ emission by nitrogen application and 7.6% of complex fertilizer manufacture. $CH_4$ emission could be mitigated by some technologies; cultivation of the early maturing rice variety emitted lower by 44.4% than the mid maturing variety, intermittent drainage of submerged water by 43.8% than the continuous flooding condition, direct seeding by 32.0% than transplanting cultivation, no-ploughing by 20.9% than ploughing cultivation. It means that LCA on Global Warming Potential and the statistical data on innovated technical practice are key tools to systemize Measurable-Reportable-Verifiable (MRV) system for carbon footprint and carbon emission trade in the farm base.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.137-148
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• 2022

Recently, in the concrete industry, the development and commercialization of low-carbon products of ready-mixed concrete have emerged as part of the efforts to realize carbon neutrality. This study aims to investigate the current status of environmental product declaration(EPD) of ready-mixed concrete and to analyze the characteristics of carbon emissions by compressive strength, life cycle stage, and region. To this end, the related certification system requiring the calculation of carbon emissions in the concrete industry was analyzed. The target of analyzing the current status of carbon emissions was set as a product of ready-mixed concrete that acquired EPD certification based on the life cycle assessment method. In addition, the trend of carbon emissions according to each characteristic was reviewed by analyzing carbon emissions by the life cycle of ready-mixed concrete products, analyzing carbon emissions by standard, and analyzing carbon emissions by region. As a result, the carbon emissions in the pre-production stage were 99% compared to total carbon emissions., and as it increased from 18MPa to 40MPa, carbon emissions also increased. Even with the same specifications, the carbon emissions in the capital region were higher than in the southern region.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.459-467
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• 2015

Understanding of a carbon storage in a regional scale ecosystem is a very important data for predicting change of global carbon cycle. Therefore, the real data collected in the various ecosystems are a very useful for enhancing accuracy of model prediction. We tried to estimate total accumulated ecosystem carbon in Deogyusan National Park (DNP) with naturally well preserved ecosystem. In DNP, vegetations were classified to four main communities with Quercus mongolica community (12,636.9 ha, 54.8%), Quercus variabilis community (2,987.0 ha, 13.0%), Pinus densiflora community (5,758.0 ha, 25.0%), and Quercus serrata community (402.9 ha,1.7%). Biomass and soil carbons were estimated by the biomass allometric equations based on the DBH and carbon contents of litter and soil (0~30 cm) layers collected in 3 plots ($30cm{\times}30cm$) in each community. The biomass and soil carbons were shown as high value as 1,759,000 tC and 7,776,000 tC, respectively, in Quercus mongolia community in DNP area. In Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Pinus densiflora communities, the accumulated ecosystem carbon were shown 9,536,000 tC, 1,405,000 tC, 147,000 tC, 346,000 tC, respectively. Also, the total ecosystem carbon was estimated with 11,434,000 tC in DNP.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2005

This study presents a method how to estimate the change of stand volume, the stand biomass and the carbon removals, using dynamic stand growth model according to whether the practices for forest management are implemented or not. As a result, it shows that the rate of stand change was significantly high if the practices were implemented. Consequently, the change of carbon removals was also high. The carbon removals at the stand where the practices were not implemented, was estimated about 0.27tC/ha. And the carbon removals at the stand where the practices were implemented, was estimated 166.02tC/ha(thinning from above) and 163.75tC/ha(thinning from below). It is confirmed that the thinning activities has a great influence on the change of carbon removals and there was little difference of the carbon removals between thinning types. From this result, it is proved that forest management like thinning activities is prerequisite condition to improve the carbon removals of stand.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.481-482
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• 2015

2015년부터 우리나라는 온실가스 배출량 감소를 위해 교토의정서에서 제시한 메커니즘 중 탄소배출권 거래 제도를 도입하였다. 시장개념이 기본인 탄소배출권 거래 제도를 도입함으로써 온실가스 배출량을 더욱 경제적이고 효율적으로 감축할 것으로 기대되고 있다. 이미 선진국들은 온실가스 배출량을 감소시키기 위한 여러 움직임들을 보이고 있으며 특히 배출권 거래 제도는 유럽을 중심으로 활성화 되었다. 이와 동시에 신재생에너지의 보급을 통하여 전력 발전부문에서 큰 감축효과를 얻게 되었다. 하지만 2008년 서유럽으로부터 시작된 유럽지역 경제악화는 배출권 제도의 예상치 못한 단점을 보여주는 사례가 되었다. 이와 다르게 미국의 경우 배출권 제도가 아닌 전원구성변화를 통해 비교적 안정적으로 온실가스 배출량을 줄였다. 기존 기저 발전원을 담당하던 원전과 석탄화력 발전을 대체하기 위하여 가스발전의 활성화를 도입하였고, 온실가스의 배출량을 8년 사이에 약 16억톤을 감소시켰다. 이에 본문에서는 탄소배출권 거래 제도의 도입과 동시에 전원구성변화가 이루어졌다고 가정하여 탄소 배출권 가격을 고려하였을 때 계통운영비용에 어떠한 영향이 있는지 탄소 배출량에 따른 가격을 통하여 알아보았다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.382-390
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• 2012

Global warming has been hot issue world wide. Korea has been dealing with the global issue under the slogan of low carbon and green-growth such as setting national greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets and allocation to each industrial sector. Infrastructure construction, in which enormous social overhead capital (SOC) is input, has great role as one of the actions. Road is one of the representative infrastructure and large amount of resources is utilized in its construction, operation and maintenance stage. The estimation methodology of life cycle carbon emissions was developed and applied to a case study of highway currently under construction in this study. Also, total carbon emissions of all the highway in South Korea at present (2009) and cumulative carbon emissions from 2009 to 2020 were estimated using the results of case study.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.940-942
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• 2022

2050탄소 중립 사회 전환을 위한 저탄소 발전전략으로 정부는 '2050 탄소중립'을 선언하고 '2050 탄소중립 시나리오' 수립을 추진하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 개인이 저(低) 탄소 생활을 위한 '에코라이프(녹색습관)' 탄소량 측정과 일상생활에서 자주 먹는 음식들의 탄소량을 측정함으로써 하루 얼마나 많은 양의 탄소 소비의 비교를 통해 경제와 지구를 살리는 '저(低) 탄소 에코라이프'를 제시하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1495-1501
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• 2013

This study aims to figure out the effectiveness of low-carbon oriented residential regeneration by on-site improvement method. For this, we examined some technical planning elements for carbon reduction and selected standard criteria of computation on energy use-based amount of carbon emission through previous literature review and case studies. Next, based on this, we compared and analyzed three types of carbon emission in the designated renewal area in Cheongju City. The three types of carbon emission were the existing development, the redevelopment of apartment by overall removal, and the development of low-carbon oriented residential regeneration by on-site improvement method. Finally, we examined proper way to reduce carbon emission in low-carbon oriented residential regeneration.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.161-170
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• 2023

We attempted to estimate the carbon accumulation of Hibiscus hamabo and Paliurus ramosissimus, semimangroves native to Jeju Island, by remote sensing and to build an artificial intelligence model that predicts its spatial variation with climatic factors. The aboveground carbon accumulation of semi-mangroves was estimated from the aboveground biomass density (AGBD) provided by the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar upscaled using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) extracted from Sentinel-2 images. In Jeju Island, carbon accumulation per unit area was 16.6 t C/ha for H. hamabo and 21.1 t C/ha for P. ramosissimus. Total carbon accumulation of semi-mangroves was estimated at 11.5 t C on the entire coast of Jeju Island. Random forest analysis was applied to predict carbon accumulation in semi-mangroves according to environmental factors. The deviation of aboveground biomass compared to the distribution area of semi-mangrove forests in Jeju Island was calculated to analyze spatial variation of biomass. The main environmental factors affecting this deviation were the precipitation of the wettest month, the maximum temperature of the warmest month, isothermality, and the mean temperature of the wettest quarter. The carbon accumulation of semi-mangroves predicted by random forest analysis in Jeju Island showed spatial variation in the range of 12.0 t C/ha - 27.6 t C/ha. The remote sensing estimation method and the artificial intelligence prediction method of carbon accumulation in this study can be used as basic data and techniques needed for the conservation and creation of mangroves as carbon sink on the Korean Peninsula.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.148-148
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• 2023

산업 고도화로 인하여 복잡하고 다양한 유기물의 사용량이 증가하였으며, 공공수역 내 새로운 오염물질이 유입됨에 따라 생화학적 산소요구량(BOD) 중심의 수질평가에 한계를 나타내었다. 이후 난분해성 물질을 고려한 유기물관리 정책과 총량관리의 필요성이 제기되었고 국내 하천과 호소에서는 총 유기탄소(TOC)를 유기물 관리지표로 설정하였다. 그러나 부영양 하천과 호소에서 TOC는 외부 부하뿐만아니라 식물플랑크톤의 과잉성장에 의해 증가할 수 있는 항목이므로 TOC 관리정책 추진을 위해서는 유기물의 기원에 대한 파악이 필요하다. 한편, 우리나라와 같이 몬순 기후대에 속한 댐 저수지의 경우 강우시 유입하는 탁수에 의해 다량의 유기물과 인이 유입되기도 하지만 식물플랑크톤의 제한요인 중 광량에 많은 영향을 미친다. 식물플랑크톤의 광합성은 수체 내 유기탄소 내부생성에 매우 중요한 요소이나 점 단위의 실험적 방법을 활용한 유기탄소 순환 해석은 저수지의 시·공간적인 변동성을 고려하기에 한계가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 금강 수계 최대 상수원인 대청호를 대상으로 3차원 수리-수질 모델을 적용하여 유기탄소 성분 별 유입과 유출, 내부생성 및 소멸량을 평가하고 탁수가 저수지에서의 유기탄소 순환에 미치는 영향을 분석하는데 있다. 유기탄소 물질수지 해석을 위해 AEM3D 모델을 사용하였으며 2018년을 대상으로 입력자료를 구축한 후 보정 및 검정을 수행하였다. 모델은 유기탄소를 입자성, 용존성, 그리고 난분해성과 생분해성으로 구분하여 모의하며 유기물질 성상별 실험결과를 이용하여 입력자료를 구축하였으며 유기탄소순환 해석을 위해 4가지의 탄소성분과 조류 세포 내 탄소의 질량 변화율을 계산하였다. 이를 위해 외부 유입·유출부하율, 수체 내 생성(일차생산, 재부상, 퇴적물과 수체 간 확산) 및 소멸률(POC 및 조류 침강, DOC 무기화, 탈질)을 고려하였으며 탁수의 영향을 분석하기 위해 탁수 포함여부 시나리오를 구성하고 유기탄소 생성 및 소멸기작별 변동성을 비교 분석하였다. 모델은 2018년의 물수지를 적절히 재현하였으며 저수지의 수온 및 탁도 성층구조를 잘 재현해내면서 전반적인 수질을 적절하게 모의하였다. 탁수를 고려하였을 시 연간 TOC 부하량 중 내부기원 부하량은 56% 수준이였으나 탁수를 배제한 경우 내부기원 부하량은 82%로 나타났다. 특히, 연평균 Chl-a 농도가 44~48% 차이가 발생하면서 1차생산량이 약 4배가량 증가하였다. 몬순지역에서의 탁수는 체류시간이 긴 성층 저수지에서 식물플랑크톤 성장제어에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며 전반적인 유기탄소 순환을 해석하는데 있어 매우 중요한 인자로 작용하였다.