• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.34-42
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• 1972

Current noise is an important indication of quality in deposited carbon film resistors. Imperfections in the resistive film create high current densities and consequently high current noise. The magnitude of current noise is depend upon many inherent properties of the resistor such as resistive material and others such as processing, fabrication and packing of resistive elements, etc. Performance tests have definitely established a correlation between current noise and electrical performance of carbon film resistors. To interprete the normal distribution of the current noise index for representative groups of resistors would serve as a powerful tool in judging the Quality control and product uniformity by the manufacturer.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.307-318
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• 2016

This research examines the impacts of urban population growth on per capita $CO_2$ emissions with particular focus on the interaction effect between urbanization and income levels. Employing the Panel Fixed Effects model together with the Pooled LS and Panel GLS models, the research reported here analyzes the relevant data on 84 countries. The statistical results show a nonlinear(an inverted-U) relationship between urbanization and per capita $CO_2$ emissions; that is, while the urban agglomeration leads to increases in per capita $CO_2$ emissions for low income countries, this adverse impact does not hold true for high income countries. The research findings can contribute to addressing broad issues of urban compactness and patterns of energy consumption that should be considered by those concerned about the sustainable urban development.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2007

An HRP immobilized carbon paste electrode, which was bound by EPDM, was newly fabricated and its electrochemical properties were investigated for the purpose of validating the new possibility for the practical use of biosensor. In the experimental range of substrate concentration, Lineweaver-Burk plot of the signal showed a good linearity. This means that HRP was embedded effectively to preserve its identity in the bulk of composite electrode materials and EPDM is a recommendatory binder. When the electrode was run at low operating potential($0.0\sim-1.0$ V vs. Ag/AgCl), it showed a high sensitivity and a good reproducibility. Especially the mechanical stability of the dried rubber was a remarkable breakthrough to get over a difficulty in putting the carbon-paste electrode bound with silicon oil to real use.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 2003

Amounts of CO₂ fixed by net primary production and released by soil respiration were determined on big-cone pine plantation. Net primary production, which was determined by allometric method, was converted into CO₂. CO₂ evolution in forest ecosystems are mainly through soil and root respiration. In order to separate root respiration from soil respiration, root-free sites were made in stand. Litter removal sites were prepared to estimate CO₂ evolution through litter layer. Respiration was measured at every two weeks intervals from April 2001 through April 2002, and soil temperature and soil moisture were measured at the same time. Net primary production of this big-cone pine plantation was 25.7 t·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/. The amount of CO₂ fixed by this plantation was 42.5 t CO₂·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/, The amount of CO₂ released by soil respiration was 5.0 t CO₂·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/. The relative contribution of root respiration and litter layer respiration to total respiration was 46% and 32%, respectively. Net amount of fixed CO₂ was 37.5 t CO₂·ha/sup -1/·yr/sup -1/ in this big-cone pine plantation. From this result, this big-cone pine plantation play a carbon sink source from the atmosphere.

• 어항어장
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• s.80
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• pp.34-37
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• 2007

바이오매스 이용.활용 사업은 수산업. 어촌의 활성화를 목적에 두고 있으므로 경제성이 우수해야하는 것이 필수 조건이지만, 한편 지구 온난화 방지나 순환형 사회구축이라는 목적을 가지고 있어 경제성뿐만 아니라 탄소 고정 등 한경에 공헌하는가도 평가의 대상으로 검토하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.419-424
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• 2016

$H_5PMo_{10}V_2O_{40}$ ($PMo_{10}V_2$) catalyst chemically immobilized on sulfur-containing mesoporous carbon (S-MC) was prepared, and it was applied to the benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction. S-MC was synthesized by a templating method using SBA-15 and p-toluenesulfonic acid as a templating agent and a carbon precursor, respectively. S-MC was then modified to have a positive charge, and thus, to provide sites for the immobilization of $PMo_{10}V_2$. By taking advantage of the overall negative charge of $[PMo_{10}V_2O4_{40}]^{5-}$, $PMo_{10}V_2$ catalyst was immobilized on the S-MC support as a charge matching component. It was revealed that $PMo_{10}V_2$ species were finely and molecularly dispersed on the S-MC via chemical immobilization. In the vapor-phase oxidation of benzyl alcohol, $PMo_{10}V_2$/S-MC catalyst showed higher conversion of benzyl alcohol and higher yield for benzaldehyde and benzoic acid than unsupported $PMo_{10}V_2$ catalyst. The enhanced catalytic performance of $PMo_{10}V_2$/S-MC was due to fine dispersion of $PMo_{10}V_2$ species on the S-MC via chemical immobilization.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.35
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• pp.33-39
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the dose variation according to thickness of the air gap between the patient's body surface and immobilization device in the treatment plan. Materials and Methods : Four conditions were created by adjusting the air gap thickness using 5 mm bolus, ranging from 0 mm to 3 mm bolus. Immobilization was placed on top in each case. And computed tomography was used to acquire images. The treatment plan that 430 cGy (Relative Biological Effectiveness,RBE) is irradiated 6 times and the dose of 2580 cGy (RBE) is delivered to 95% of Clinical Target Volume (CTV). The dose on CTV was evaluated by Full Width Half Maximum (FWHM) of the lateral dose profile and skin dose was evaluated by Dose Volume Histogram (DVH). Result: Results showed that the FWHM values of the lateral dose profile of CTV were 4.89, 4.86, 5.10, and 5.10 cm. The differences in average values at the on the four conditions were 3.25±1.7 cGy (RBE) among D_95% and 1193.5±10.2 cGy (RBE) among D_95% respectively. The average skin volume at 1% of the prescription dose was 83.22±4.8%, with no significant differences in both CTV and skin. Conclusion: When creating a solid-type immobilization device for carbon particle therapy, a slight air gap is recommended to ensure that it does not extend beyond the dose application range of the CTV.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.444-444
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 흑연(graphite)과 티타늄(titanum; Ti) 타겟이 양쪽에 부착되어 있는 비대칭 마그네트론 스퍼터링 장치를 이용하여 Ti가 도핑되어진 탄소(a-C:Ti) 박막을 증착하였다. 흑연 타겟의 파워는 고정하고 Ti 타겟 파워를 증가시켜 탄소 박막내에 Ti의 함량을 증가시켰으며, Ti 금속 함량에 따른 탄소박막의 경도와 마찰계수, 표면의 거칠기, 접촉각 등의 물리적 특성과 비저항 등 전기적 특성을 고찰하였으며, XPS와 라만등을 이용하여 a-C:Ti 박막의 구조적 특성을 고찰하여 Ti 금속 함량에 따른 구조적 특성과 물리적 특성, 전기적 특성과의 관계를 규명하였다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.373-378
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• 2021

The study aimed to develop a high-power enzymatic electrode for a wearable fuel cell that generates electricity utilizing lactate present in a sweat as fuel. Anode was fabricated by immobilizing lactate oxidase (LOx) on flexible carbon paper. As the lactate concentration in the electrolyte solution increased, the amount of current generated by catalysis of lactate oxidase increased. The immobilized LOx generated 1.5-times greater oxidation current density in the presence of gold nanoparticles than carbon paper only. Bilirubin oxidase (BOD)-immobilized cathode generated a larger amount of reduction current in the electrolyte saturated with oxygen than purged with nitrogen. A fuel cell composed of two electrodes was fabricated and cell voltage was measured under different discharge current. At the discharge current density of 66.7 ㎂/cm², the cell voltage was 0.5±0.0 V leading to maximum cell power density of 33.8±2.5 ㎼/cm².

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.94-97
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• 2007

Carbon nanotubes and nanowires were prepared by methane pyrolysis over Pd(5)/SPK catalyst by changing oxygen molar ratio in a fixed bed flow reactor under atmospheric condition and also analyzed by SEM and TEM. When the $CH_4/O_2$ molar ratio was 1, carbons were not almost deposited on the catalyst bed support, but when it was 2, carbons were deposited as much as plugging reactor. TEM and SEM images for the deposited carbons showed a number of single-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanowires. The growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes produced on the catalyst surface was the tip growth mode. It should be played an important role in carbon nanotubes and nanowires produced on the catalyst bed support to formate the carbon growth velocity vectors and nuclei of ring structure of carbon nanowires. SPK carrier was $N_2$ isotherm of IV type with mesopores, and excellent in the thermal stability.