• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-34
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• 2017

Recent worldwide demand for organic and sustainable agriculture products is driving the development of formulations of biopesticides effective in the field. Biopesticides have the benefit of environmentally-friendly qualities. However, biocontrol approaches largely have been ineffective in controlling plant pests in field conditions. Previously, we developed a cost-effective biocontrol formulation containing chitin and chitinase-producing biocontrol bacteria with field efficacy. This formulated product has successfully suppressed various plant diseases in the field conditions. In this review, we focus on ecological aspects and the potential mechanisms underpinning the success of chitinase-producing bacteria. In addition, we discuss the possibility on-site cultivation of the formulated products to further strengthen the approach as being farmer friendly and successful.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2009

Porous affinity chitosan and chitin membranes with good mechanical strength and high protein binding capacity were prepared by using silica particles as porogen. The maximum binding capacity of affinity chitosan membrane for BSA protein is 21.8mg/mL, and that of affinity chitin membrane for lysozyme enzyme is 26.1mg/mL. Chromatographic separations of BSA and lysozyme proteins using the porous affinity chitosan and chitin membranes were performed with change of the flow rate, loading amount and concentration of protein loading solutions. Protein eluted amount and binding yield were calculated from the filtration chromatograms consisted of loading/washing/elution sequences. Protein binding amount and yield were increased with decreasing of flow rate, increasing of loading amount and concentration of protein loading solutions. Those results suggest that the porous chitosan and chitin membranes prepared by using silica particles as porogen are suitable in affinity filtration chromatography for large scale separation of proteins.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.466-471
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• 1996

The survey on the chitinolytic activity of some plants was performed for the purpose of obtaining some reliable and inexpensive sources of chitinase. Rice, soybean for sprouting, kiwi fruit, almond and crude papain were investigated. Rice bran, seed coat of the soybean and the pericarp of kiwi fruit showed a considerable activity, while the bean after the removal of the seed coat, the mixture of rice integument and endosperm, polished rice, and defatted soybean powder didn't have any detectable activity. These crude enzymes have shown to contain both endo- and exochitinase activity. The effects of pH and temperature on the enzyme activity were variable. Furthermore we have observed the chitosanolytic activity from these enzyme Preparations. The rice bran had the highest activity in the enzymatic degradation of chitosan, and seed coat of soybean and the pericarp of kiwi fruit followed. On the basis of the fact that crude papain was not only commercially available but also the most potent in the endochitinase activity and the lowest in the exochitinase activity, we could conclude that crude papain was considered as the most suitable source of the chitinase among plants studied in this paper. In addition, rice bran was worth further investigation from the point of utilizing agricultural by-product.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.120-121
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• 2000

Krill(Euphausia superba Dana)은 무한한 잠재적 자원량으로써 미래 식량자원으로 주목받고 있다. 막대한 자원량에 비해 연구가 부족하고 새로운 먹거리 및 훌륭한 단백질 공급원으로서 여러가지 가공식품으로의 개발이 시급하다. 주로 게·새우 등의 갑각류에 다량 함유되어 있는 키틴은 지구상에서 cellulose다음으로 풍부한 천연자원이다. (중략)

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.402-410
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to estimate the chitinolytic and antifungal activity of Actinomycetes sp.isolated from waste mushroom media. In five kinds of waste mushroom media, Sinyeong mushroom and Yangsongi were the order of the population density of actinomycetes. Totally 91 chitinolytic isolates of Actinomycetes sp. were obtained from waste mushroom media. The isolates were categorized into 3 groups based on chitinolytic activity and antagonisms against Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Collectotrichum gloeosporioides, and Cladosporium cucumerinum in vitro. CA-23 was selected as a representative isolate of a group showing strong chitinolytic and antagonistic activities to all of the plant pathogens, while AA-65 was selected as a representative isolate showing no chitinolytic activities but strong antagonistic activities to the pathogens. CA-23 and AA-65 were highly effective on control of Phytophthora blight of hot-pepper, powdery mildew and scab of cucumber in a greenhouse tests. Among the isolates tested, CA-23 showed highest control efficacy, while AA-65 not only effectively controlled the diseases but also consistently increased plant growth and yield. Although the isolates are similarly affected on suppression of plant pathogens, the isolates could be differ from each other in modes of action. Further studies on mechanisms and practical applications are being progressed.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2006

Porous chitosan and chitin membranes were prepared by using silica particles as porogen. Membrane preparation was achieved via the following three steps: (1) chitosan film formation by casting an chitosan solution containing silica particles, (2) preparation of porous chitosan membrane by dissolving the silica particles by immersing the film into an alkaline solution and (3) preparation of porous chitin membrane by acetylation of chitosan membrane with acetic anhydride. The optimum preparation conditions which could provide a chitosan and chitin membranes with good mechanical strength and adequate pure water flux were determined. To allow protein affinity, a reactive dye (Cibacron Blue 3GA) was immobilized on porous chitosan membrane. Binding capacities of affinity chitosan and chitin membranes for protein and enzyme were determined by the batch adsorption experiments of BSA protein and lysozyme enzyme. The maximum binding capacity of affinity chitosan membrane for BSA protein is about 22 mg/mL, and that of affinity chitin membrane for lysozyme enzyme is about 26 mg/mL. Those binding capacities are about $several{\sim}several$ tens times larger than those of chitosan and chitin-based hydrogel beads. Those results suggest that the porous chitosan and chitin membranes are suitable in affinity filtration chromatography for large scale separation of proteins.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.870-876
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• 1996

The physicochemical properties of chitin and chitosan produced from lobster shrimp (Metanephrups thomosonii) shell were investigated. Lobster shrimp chitin contained 6.84% nitrogen, 0.57% fat and 0.32% ash, while chitosan contained 7.52% nitrogen, 0.13% fat and 0.33% ash. Degree of deacetylation and molecular weight of chitosan were 67.5% and $9.1{\times}105$, respectively. Yields of chitin from the shell portion and chitosan from the chitin were 15.7% and 75%, respectively. Chitin and chitosan contained 2.64 and 1.39mg/g of residual amino acids, respectively, with both the most predominant being lysine. Chemical structures of the lobster shrimp chitin and chitosan have been investigated by the IR and solid state $^{13}C-NMR$ spectra.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.403-408
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• 1993

Hydroxypropyl chitin(HPCH) was prepared from chitin by reacting it with propylene oxide. The formation of liquid crystalline character of HPCH was investigated using halogenated organic solvents. Solid state $^{13}C$ NMR spectra for chitin and HPCH confirmed the incorporation of hydroxypropyl moiety. The degree of substitution of HPCH was around 0.8 as detected by elemental analysis. WAXD patterns of chitin and HPCH showed that an incorporation of hydroxypropyl unit in chitin contributed to reducing the crystallinity and enhancing the solubility in organic solvents. Polarized light microscopic pictures of concentrated HPCH solution showed that HPCH formed cholesteric liquid crystalline character at about 25w/v% solution in dichloroacetic acid and 1, 2-dichloroethane. Inherent viscosity of HPCH solution in a mixed solvent showed a transient decrease.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.361-365
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• 2004

Chitin and its derivatives have been introduced to tomato seedlings by direct mixing of chitin, chitosan, or chitooligosaccharides (CO) with soils, watering of chitosan or CO solutions to soils, or chitosan-coating of tomato seeds as a biomodulator of plant growth, and the growth of tomato plants was measured 30- and 45-day after seeding in the pots. The treatment of chitin and its derivatives promoted the growth of tomato plants in plant heights, shoot weight, maximum leaf length and number of leaves. By comparison in the contents of cellular inorganic nutrients in the plants, it was found out that chitin or chitosan treatments accelerated nitrogen and potassium uptake but inhibit calcium uptake, suggesting that chitin and its derivatives modulate absorption of inorganic nutrients through plant roots from environment.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.221-222
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• 2013

한국인 어린이 두피 모발에서 발견되는 서캐의 미세구조적 특징을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 서캐는 길이가 약$800{\mu}m$로 무정형의 키틴질로 둘러싸여 있다. 서캐 케이스는 약 1mm의 모발을 키틴질로 완벽하게 둘러싸서 부착되어 있다. 서캐는 원추형으로 표면이 아주 매끄러우며 정단부에는 10개의 숨관으로 구성되어 있다. 숨관은 중앙에 3개의 숨관을 중심으로 7개의 숨관들이 둘러싸고 있다. 숨관 전체의 크기는 직경이 약 $160{\mu}m$로 원형의 형태를 하고 있다. 각각의 숨관은 직경이 $60{\mu}m$인 타원형의 돔모양으로 중앙에 약 $15{\mu}m$의 호흡통로가 열려 있다. 알이 부화된 후 분리된 뚜껑 단면에는 서캐의 안쪽에서 바깥쪽방향으로 약 $1{\mu}m$ 두께의 긴 홈이 일정하게 형성되어 있었다. 이와 같은 긴 홈은 알이 부화시 몸의 팽창으로 인한 키틴질 뚜껑의 분리를 용이하게 해주는 역할을 하는 것으로 확인하였다.