• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.166-172
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• 2007

ERM proteins transfer the methyl group to $A_{2058}$ in 23S rRNA, which reduces the affinity of MLS (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) antibiotics to 23S rRNA, thereby confer the antibiotic resistance on micro-organisms ranging from antibiotic producers to pathogens and are classified into monomethyltransferase and dimethyltransferase. To investigate the differences between mono- and dimethyltransferase, tirD, a representative monomethylase gene was cloned in Escherichia coli from Streptomyces fradiae which contains ermSF, dimethylase gene as well to overexpress the TlrD for the first time. T7 promoter driven expression system successfully overexpress tlrD as a insoluble aggregate at $37^{\circ}C$ accumulating to around 55% of the total cell protein but unlike ErmSF, culturing at temperature as low as $18^{\circ}C$ did not make insoluble aggregate of protein into soluble protein. Coexpression of Thioredoxin and GroESL, chaperone was not helpful in turning into soluble protein either as in case of ErmSF. These results might suggest that differences between mono- and dimethylase could be investigated on the basis of the characteristics of protein structure. However, a very small amount of soluble protein which could not be detected by SDS-PAGE conferred antibiotic resistance on E. coli as in ErmSF which was expected from the activity exerted by monmethylase in a cell.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Fatness is one of the most important economic traits in pigs. The leptin receptor (LEPR) gene may be a potential candidate for the fatness quantitative trait locus (QTL) on porcine chromosome 6, due to its position and physiological role. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the associations between structural variants in the LEPR gene and economic traits in pigs. We obtained an approximately 114-kb sequence containing the complete genomic DNA of the porcine LEPR gene, using shotgun sequencing of a bacterial artificial chromosome clone. We report the complete genomic structure of the porcine LEPR gene. Dozens of transcription factor-binding sites were found in the 1.2 kb upstream region from the transcription start point. An association study was performed with 550 Duroc pigs for 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 6 SNPs within exons and 18 SNPs within the putative 5‘ regulatory region of the porcine LEPR gene. Among them, one SNP (−790C/G) was significantly associated with backfat thickness and lean meat percentage, whereas the others, including two SNPs with missense polymorphisms, had no effect on any phenotype. These results suggest that SNP −790C/G may be a useful marker for genetic improvements of fatness and leanness in Duroc pigs.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2014

Nutritional composition, including total phenolics, tannins and nutrient components, of acorns of Q. actissima, Q. serrata, Q. variabilis and Q. mongolica were analyzed. Acorns were collected from each tree species, which were grown in a seed orchard. Contents of both total phenolics and tannins in acorns of Q. serrata were higher than those of Q. actissima (p<0.05). Interestingly, Q. serrata contained the highest amount of water soluble tannins (71 mg/g dw) and the lowest levels of water insoluble tannins (8.1 mg/g dw) among 4 oak species, resulting that acorns of Q. serrata had the lowest proportion of insoluble tannins. Among 4 oak species tested, Q. mongolicav acorns contained the highest levels of both total dietary fiber (TDF) and ascorbic acid, while the content of beta-carotene in Q. mongolicav was 52-fold lower than that in Q. variabilis ($520{\mu}g/100g$). Our result showed that nutritional composition of acoms was significantly different between oak species, indicating that tastes or nutritional values might be different as well among major oak species in Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 2010

Camelina sativa L., known as popular names "gold-of-pleasure" or "false flax" is an alternative oilseed crop that can be grown under different climatic and soil conditions. Up to date, however, the genomic information of Camelina has not been studied in detail. Therefore, a cDNA library was constructed and characterized from young leaves. The constructed cDNA library incorporated of 1334 cDNA clones and the size of the insertion fragments average was 736 base pair. We generated a total of 1269 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) sequences. The result of cluster analysis of EST sequences showed that the number of unigene was 851. According to subsequent analysis, the 476 (55.9%) unigenes were highly homologous to known function genes and the other 375 (44.1%) unigenes were unknown. Remaining 63 (7.4%) unigenes had no homology with any other peptide in NCBI database, indicating that these seemed to be novel genes expressed in leaves of Camelina. The database-matched ESTs were further classified into 17 categories according to their functional annotation. The most abundant of categories were "protein with binding function or cofactor requirement (27%)", "metabolism (11%)", "subcellular localization (11%)", "cellular transport, transport facilities and transport routes (7%)", "energy (6%)", "regulation of metabolism and protein function (6%)". Our result in this study provides an overview of mRNA expression profile and a basal genetic information of Camelina as an oilseed crop.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.3
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• pp.302-310
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• 2019

Precise and fast identification of crop cultivars is essential for efficient breeding and plant breeders' rights. Traditional methods for identification of jujube cultivars are based on the evaluation of morphological characteristics. However, due to time constraints and environmental influences, it is difficult to distinguish cultivars using only morphological traits. In this study, we cloned fragments from improved inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) analysis, and developed stably diagnostic sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The specific ISSR bands of jujube cultivars from Dalizao and Boeundaechu were purified, cloned, and sequenced. As a result, four clones labeled 827Dalizao550, 827Boeun750, 846Boeun700, and 847Dalizao850 were identified. In order to investigate whether they were specific for the jujube cultivar, four pairs of SCAR primers were then designed and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications were conducted to analyze 32 samples, including jujube and sour jujube. In the PCR amplification of the 827Dalizao550 SCAR marker, the specific bands with 550 bp were amplified in six samples (Dalizao, Sandonglizao, Dongzao, Yuanlin No. 2, Suanzao 2, Suanzao 4), but unexpected bands (490 bp) were amplified in the others. Moreover, in the PCR amplification of the 847Dalizao850 SCAR marker, the specific bands with 850 bp were found in three samples (Dalizao, Sandonglizao, and Dongzao) and 900 bp unexpected bands were amplified in five samples (Pozao, Suanzao 1, Suanzao 2, Suanzao 3, Suanzao 4). These results showed that newly developed markers could be useful as a fast and reliable tool to identify jujube cultivars. However, further identification of polymorphic information and the development of SCAR markers are required for the identification of more diverse cultivars.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2009

Sixteen ruminally cannulated Korean native steers (Hanwoo; $626.2\pm47.72$ kg) were used to investigate the effects of polyclonal antibodies against abdominal (AAb) and subcutaneous adipocyte membrane proteins (SAb) on ruminal fermentation patterns and blood metabolites. The body weight (BW) of Hanwoo was decreased 2-weeks after AAb and SAb injection, BW reduction was also observed in control and non-immunized serum groups, indicating that stress induced by other factors (e.g. blood sampling etc.) rather than antibodies injection may affect the BW reduction. Antibodies treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) rumen pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia-N concentration. The ranges were similar with typical ranges of those in Hanwoo. Compared with control, blood urea N concentration was decreased in AAb group and increased (P < 0.05) in SAb group before antibodies treatment. However, none of the groups were significantly (P > 0.05) affected at 2- or 4-weeks after the treatment. Concentration of plasma glucose in the non-immunized serum group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the other groups at 0-week after treatment. However, antibodies treatment did not affect the concentration of plasma glucose. Concentration of plasma triglyceride showed no difference (P > 0.05) between the groups and ranged from 11.4 to 19.9 mg/dl, which is the perfect range of plasma triglyceride of Hanwoo fed concentrate based diets. In conclusion, these results may indicate that the present AAb and SAb have safety in nutritional physiological metabolism in Hanwoo. Further study on in vivo fat reduction of the antibodies against abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes PMPs of Hanwoo is required for inedible fat-reduced high quality beef production.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.402-417
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• 2003

Purpose: To evaluate the use of monoclonal antibody (MoAb) as a carrier of the receptor-binding ligand the receptor mediated uptake into liver and subsequent metabolism of $^{111}In-labeled$ galactosylated MoAb-chelator conjugates were investigated and compared with those of $^{111}In$ labeled MoAb. Materials and Methods : T101 MoAb, $IgG_2$ against human lymphocytic leukemic cell, conjugated with cyclic DTPA dianhydride (DTPA) or 2-p-isothiocyanatobenzyl-6-methyl-DTPA (1B4M) was galactosylated with 2-imino-2-methoxyethyl-1-thio-${\beta}$-D-galactose and then radiolabeled with $^{111}In$. Biodistribution and metabolism study was peformed with two $^{111}In-conjugates$ in mice and rats. Results: $^{111}In-labeled$ T101 and its galactosylated conjugates were taken to the liver by the time, mostly within 10 min. However DTPA conjugate was retained longer in the liver than the 1B4M conjugate (55% vs 20% of injected dose at 44 hr). During this time, the radiornetabolite of DTPA conjugate was excreted similarly into urine (24%) and feces (17%). The radiometabolite of 1B4M was excreted primarily into feces (68%) rather than urine (8%). Size exclusion HPLC analysis of the bile and supernatant of liver homogenate showed two peaks the first (35%) with the retention time (Rt) identical to IgG and the second (65%) with Rt similar to free $^{111}In$ at 3 hr post-injection for the 1B4M conjugate, indicating that the metabolite is rapidly excreted through the biliary system. in contrast to DTPA conjugate, the small $^{111}In-DTPA-like$ metabolite was the major radioindium component (90%) in the liver homogenate as early as 3 hour post-injection, but the cumulative radioindium activity in feces was only 17% at 44 hour, indicating that the metabolite from DTPA conjugate does not clear readily through the biliary tract. Conclusion: The galactosylation of the MoAb conjugates resulted in higher hepatocyte uptake and enhanced metabolism, compared to those without galactosylation. Metabolism of the MoAb-conjugates is different between compounds radiolabled with different chelators due to different characteristics of radiometabolites generated in the liver.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.375-382
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• 2010

Twelve pigs were used to investigate the effects of polyclonal antibody candidate against abdominal (AAb) and subcutaneous adipocyte membrane proteins (SAb) on body weight, fecaldigestibility and blood metabolites. When AAb and SAb developed by Choi et al. (2010) were injected to pigs, the numerical increase in BW (body weight) occurred at 4 weeks post-treatment, but BW for an entire period was also increased, indicating that the BW increase may not be affected by the antibodies injection. Antibodies treatment did not affect (P>0.05) fecal digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber. Fecal digestibility of crude ash for control (no treatment) at 2 weeks decreased, and that for non-immunized serum treatmentgroup at 4 weeks post-treatment increased, respectively (P<0.05). However, fecal digestibility of crude ash for AAb and SAb groups did not significantly change. At 4 weeks after the antibodies treatment, blood urea N concentration for AAb and SAb groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). However, these increases may not be caused by the antibodies treatment because similar pattern in blood urea N concentration occurred before the antibodies treatment. Antibodies treatment did not affect concentration of plasma glucose and triglycerides (P<0.05). Compared with control, concentration of plasma total cholesterol for AAb and SAb groups at 4 weeks post-treatment was significantly (P<0.05) decreased. This may suggest that body fat reduction possibly occurs. In conclusion, the AAb and the SAb developed by Choi et al. (2010) may have safety in nutritional physiological metabolism in pigs. Further study on in vivo fat reduction of the antibodies against abdominal and subcutaneous adipocytes of pigs should be required for fat-reduced pork production.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.478-487
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• 1999

Background : Differential diagnosis of pleural malignant mesothelioma from secondary metastatic adenocarcinoma is often difficult. A variety of pathologic techniques have been developed to make a differential diagnosis of carcinoma from mesothelioma. Immunohistochemistry detecting diverse antigenic substances such as CEA, Leu-M1, Bn-3, S-100 protein, vimentin, CK and EMA has been claimed to be of value as a panel in the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma from mesothelioma. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitable antibodies to distinguish mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and establish candidate markers in a panel. Methods : Complete, one-hour immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against cytokeratin (CK), epithelial membrane antigen(EMA), S-100 protein, vimentin, B72-3, Leu-M1, and carcino-embryonic antigen(CEA) was applied to cell blocks from 7 mesotheliomas and 7 adenocarcinomas which were confirmed by electron microscopic and histpathologic methods. Results : All adenocarcinomas and 71.4% of mesotheliomas expressed the cytokeratin and EMA. S-100 protein and vimentin were expressed in 57.1% and 42.9% of mesotheliomas and 14.3% and 28.5% of adenocarcinomas, respectively. B72-3 was expressed in all adenocarcinomas, but in none of mesotheliomas. Leu-M1 was positive in 71.4% of the adenocarcinoma and 14.3% of the mesotheliomas. CEA was positive in all adenocarcinomas and 42.9% of mesotheliomas. Leu-M1 and B72-3 were coexpressed in 71.4% of adenocarcinomas but in none of mesothelioma. B72-3 and CEA were coexpressed in all adenocarcinomas, but in none of mesotheliomas. Conclusion : We concluded that B72-3 immunohistochemistry or panel staining of B72-3 and CEA could be recommanded for the differential diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.1047-1057
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• 1998

Background : Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disorder of unknown origin and characterized by accumulation of T cells and macrophages. Various cytokines may play crucial roles in the activation of T cells and macrophages, and thereby in the formation of granulomas. However, little is known about the balance between proinflammatory cytokines and antiinflammatory cytokines in the development of sarcoid granulomas and disease activities. In the present study, we measured IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis to find out whether there is an imbalance between proinflammatory cytokines and antiinflammatory cytokines in the lung. Methods: Fourteen subjects with the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and six healthy volunteers were included. BALF was concentrated ten-fold by pressure ultrafiltration and each cytokine levels were measured by EUSA method. Active sarcoidosis was defined by major organ involvement or clinically progressive diseases. Results: The mean IL-6 levels in the BALF of the active sarcoidosis group were significantly increased than in controls or inactive sarcoidosis group(p<0.05). Meanwhile, the IL-8 levels were increased and IL-10 levels were decreased in the active sarcoidosis group than in controls or inactive sarcoidosis group without significance(p>0.05). In active pulmonary sarcoidosis patients, the IL-6 levels in BALF correlated with the BALF CD4/CD8 ratio(r=0.768, p<0.05) and IL-8 levels(r=0.564, p<0.05). Conclusions : The data presented showed that pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 is important in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis and decreased tendency of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 might also be involved in the development of granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis.