• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.157-168
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the overseas volunteer activities of university students on changes in global citizenship. Methods : This study was conducted as a one-group pre-posttest design. The study's subjects were students who participated in the 37th World Friends Korea Youth Volunteer Corps in 2018. Among them, 158 students who completed the survey were included in the analysis. The tool for measuring global citizenship was comprised of knowledge, skill, attitude, and willingness to practice. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 program, and the statistical significance was set to p<.05. Results : Among the study's participants, there were 123 females (77.85 %). By grade, there were the most juniors, with 68 (43.04 %). There were 53 (33.55 %) seniors, 28 (18.35 %) sophomores, and eight freshmen (5.06 %). Among all participants, 52.53 % had experience in global citizenship education, and 63.92 % had experience in activities related to global citizenship. Because of analyzing the changes in global citizenship before and after overseas volunteer activities, "skill" increased the most, from 3.51±.65 points to 4.34±.56 points (p< .001). Due to analyzing changes in global citizenship before and after overseas volunteerism, the knowledge and attitude of freshmen were statistically significantly positive, with 1.17± 1.23 (p=.011) and 1.41±1.22 (p=.008), respectively. Participants with global citizenship experience had a significant change in attitude (p=.018). Conclusion : It was confirmed that the overseas volunteer activities of undergraduate students in the university brought a positive change to global citizenship. Providing opportunities for global citizenship education and activities in elementary, middle, and high schools in the future will maximize the effects of overseas volunteer activities to improve global citizenship.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2022

This study investigated the structural performance of the RC boundary beam-wall system subjected to axial loads that required lesser construction quantity and smaller floor height in comparison with the conventional RC transfer girder system. Four specimens of 1/2 scale were constructed, and their peak strengths under axial loads and failure characteristics were compared and analyzed. Test parameters included the ratio of the lower to the upper wall length, lower wall thickness, and stirrup details of the lower wall. In addition, three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis was performed to verify the effectiveness of the boundary beam-wall system. The peak strength of each specimen was similar to the nominal axial strength of the lower wall, indicating that the axial load was transferred smoothly from the upper to the lower wall. The contribution of the lower wall cross-section was high if the ratio of the lower to the upper wall length was small; the contribution was low if the out-of-plane eccentricity existed in the lower wall. The specimen with smaller stirrup distance and cross-ties in the lower wall showed higher initial stiffness and peak load than other specimens.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.231-242
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• 2019

(2014) directed by British-born second generation Iranian-American Ana Lily Amirpour, set in 'the Iranian ghost-town Bad City' attempts to make how the hybridization of multi-cultures makes interesting interpretations culture-politically, presenting a female vampire skateboarding in a striped t-shirt and a black chador. In traditional horror films, mainly male-Dracula was the center of the vampire narrative as other, but since the post-modernism era, vampire films try to shift women from the passive and dependent victim to the subjective and independent main agent. And the main character of the film, 'The Girl' who is a female Muslim vampire takes a step forward to punish men who commit gender violence. Shot in black and white, the film puts images ahead of narrative, while featuring Iranian actors, speaking Farsi. Furthermore, the film crosses over Iranian politics into American-European pop cultures with this eclectic mix of Iran's rock, British electro-pop and Ennio-Morricone-like western stylings. This study focuses on the style featured in which has successfully transformed and transplanted a vampire story into a critical contemporary discourse, mixing multiple genres and citing cultural trends while not following the traditional conventions of vampire films.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.33-43
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• 2008

In this study, for the purpose of evaluating the shear wave velocity in core zone, cross-hole test, down-hole test, MASW (Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave), and seismic reflection survey were carried out on the crest of the existing 'Y' dam. The results of field tests were compared one another. Furthermore, the field test results were compared with the result by the Sawada's empirical recommendation method. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of four kinds of field tests for evaluation of shear wave velocity in core zone of existing dam, to verify applicability of the empirical method which was recommended by Sawada and Takahashi, and to recommend a reasonable method for evaluation of shear wave velocity which is needed to evaluate tile maximum shear modulus of core zone. From the results of four kinds of field tests such as cross-hole test, down-hole test, MASW, and seismic reflection survey, it was found that the shear wave velocity distributions were similar within 18 m in depth and the results obtained by MASW and seismic reflection survey were almost the same by 30 m in depth. For evaluation of shear wave velocity in core zone of the existing dam, in consideration that it is not easy to bore the hole ill the core zone of existing dam, surface surveys such as MASW and seismic reflection method are recommended as realistic methods. On condition that it is impossible to conduct the field test and it is preliminary investigation, it is recommended that Sawada's low bound empirical equation be used.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.3C
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• pp.187-196
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• 2008

An earthquake of magnitude 5.0 occurred at Ssang-gye-sa, a Buddhist temple in Jirisan, located near the southern border of the Korean peninsula on 4 July 1936. It resulted in severe damage of several buildings and structures in Ssang-gye-sa. Particularly, the top component of a five-story stone pagoda in the temple was tipped over and fell down during the earthquake. This earthquake damage case would be usefully applied to estimating the intensity of ground motion in the Korean peninsula, a moderate seismicity region, where strong motion has never been recorded with the exception of historic seismic events. In order to estimate the local site effects and the corresponding ground motion at Ssang-gye-sa site, intensive site investigations including borehole drilling and in-situ seismic tests such as crosshole and SASW tests were performed in the temple area. Based on the site characteristics, site-specific seismic response analyses using various input motions were conducted for a representative Ssang-gye-sa site by means of both one-dimensional equivalent-linear and nonlinear methods with six input rock outcrop acceleration levels ranging from 0.044g to 0.220g. The resultant site-specific seismic responses indicated the amplified ground motions in the short-period range near the site period of Ssang-gye-sa. Furthermore, the intensity on rock outcrop of the 1936 Jirisan earthquake was estimated by making a comparison between the site responses analysis results in this study and the full-scaled seismic test of pagoda model in the prior study.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.129-138
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• 2006

It is expected that the typical lifestyle of the future will be transformed into an opulent and comfortable existence as the quality of life improves due to the increase in household income and reduction in working hours. In the meantime, as the standard of living becomes increasingly more comfortable and plentiful, the toll on physical health becomes magnified as a result of obesity and insufficient exercise caused by super nutrition and change in labor conditions (from physical labor to mental labor). This has instigated a deep awareness in fitness on the part of many people, forcing them to recognize the significance of daily exercise and physical activity. The high annual growth rate in the fitness and athletic apparatus market, which is more than 20%, is attributed to this phenomenon. The Elliptical Cross Trainer(ECT), which has drawn wide attention recently, is a non-impact athletic apparatus that not only promotes exercise of the upper body parts in such sports as skiing but also the exercise of lower parts of the body on a treadmill. It is a type of cross training athletic gear that has been developed for aerobic exercise throughout the entire body. It has already formed a market as big as that of the treadmill in Europe, America, etc. Recently, its demand is growing sharply in the Korean markets as well as those in Northeast Asian countries, Despite such demand increase and expansion, since most of the expensive ECTs are exclusively supplied by suppliers in only a few advanced countries, localization of the ECT is urgently required in order to enhance competitiveness of Korean manufacturers and to expand the market. This paper introduces the process and results of a design-engineering cooperative study that was peformed for the development of the ECT.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

The degree of cosmetic's oxidation depends on the storage conditions and external conditions when using the product. The microbial contamination and oxygen exposure often results in the quality deterioration of cosmetics. In addition, the problem is that consumers often use cream-type cosmetics, which have short expiration period (6-12 months), even after the product is expired. When using the deteriorated cosmetics, it can be fatal to consumers' safety including some symptoms such as folliculitis, rashes, edema, and dermatitis. Therefore, it is necessary to develop sealed smart packaging for cosmetics to prevent the deterioration of cosmetics and improve consumer safety. In this study, we have developed smart packaging design for cosmetics that can measure the surrounding environment and expiration date for the cosmetics in the real time. In addition, the smart packaging includes sensor, which are linked to the mobile application. Users can find out the measurement results through the application. Also, the packaging design and functions were set up based on the survey results by the user and feasible model can be produced based on user choice. The measurement in the three environment has been done after manufactured the sensor, PCB, and mobile application. As a result, it works normally within a certain range under all three environmental conditions. It is believed that the information on expiration dates and storage environment can be efficiently delivered to the consumers through developed cosmetics smart packaging and applications. The development of UI/UX design for consumer is further studied. The UX/UI design of the application plays an essential role in achieving this goal through the commercialization the cosmetic products in the wide range.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

To analyze the relationship between climatic factors (monthly temperatures and precipitations) and the radial growths or Pinus densiflora with different topographical settings in Worak National Park, Korea, 20 stands were chosen and 10 trees were selected from each stand. After crossdating, each ring-width series was double detrended (standardized) by fitting first a negative exponential or straight regression line and secondly a 60-year cubic spline. The growth patterns coud be categorized by four groups using cluster analysis. Cluster Ⅰ stand has north aspect, but others have south or southwest aspects. Cluster Ⅰ (one), cluster Ⅱ (ten), and cluster Ⅲ (two) stands are located in lower. elevation (305∼580 m), however, cluster Ⅳ (seven) stands are located in higher elevation, mostly in 560～870 m. Cluster Ⅱ and Ⅲ stands are located at similar elevation with the same aspect, however, cluster Ⅱ stands are located on more rocky and stiff slope with shallow soil depth. The response functions were used to examine the difference in the relationships between climatic factors and tree growths among the 4 cluster chronologies. The climatic factors are not limiting the growth in the cluster Ⅰ stand as highly as in other cluster plots because of rather mesic conditions in the north slope. The precipitation in the spring appears to be the main limiting factor in the cluster Ⅱ stands. The topographical characteristics of the sites of cluster Ⅱ, shallow soil depths on the rocky slope in the south aspect at lower elevation, may enhance the sensitivity of growth to moisture stress. In cluster Ⅲ and cluster Ⅳ, winter and spring temperature prior to the growth become more important than for cluster Ⅱ. This pattern is com-mon for Pinus densiflora trees growing in higher. elevation (equation omitted 800 m) in South Korea. It nay be re-lated with preconditioning effects of temperature as the temperature decreases with increasing elevation (cluster Ⅳ) or in the valley (cluster Ⅲ). The results obtained by tree-ring analysis were digitalized by GIS and spatio-temporal information on tree-ring data and topographic setting were analyzed and displayed simultaneously. The results of this study can be used to predict the future change of Pinus densiflora ecosystem to climate change expected in central Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.6
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• pp.733-739
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• 2009

This study was carried out to analyze the relationship between major climatic factors (monthly temperature, precipitation) and radial growth of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Inje-gun(Mt. Seorak), Sanchung-gun and Namwon-si(Mt. Jiri). Radial growth measurements were crossdated and correlated with climate variables. The climatic factors used were monthly mean temperature and monthly precipitation from August of previous year to September of the current year. In Inje-gun, radial growth was negatively correlated with monthly mean temperature in April, May, June, and August of the current year and was positively correlated with precipitation in August, October of the previous year and in April, August of the current year. Sanchung-gun showed a negative correlation with monthly mean temperature in September of the previous year and August of the current year but positive correlation in January of the current year. In contrast, precipitation in September of the previous year and August of the current year showed a positive influence. The results suggest that high temperature together with low precipitation may thus cause water stress and thereby limit radial growth in this region. In Namwon-si, the climategrowth relationships show that radial growth was negatively correlated with monthly mean temperature in August, October of the previous year and June of the current year. But August of the previous year and May, August of the current year in precipitation was positively correlated with radial growth. In the study areas, precipitation plays an important role for the radial growth of Kroean Pine (Pinus koraiensis). The results suggest that precipitation is important in the radial growth because water deficit in trees would take place in response to high temperature in the study area. Also there was some differences with study areas in the effects of both climatic variables probably as a result of different stand structure and geographical conditions and micro-climate.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.273-288
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• 1987

연화(蓮花) 연(鉛) 아연광산(亞鉛鑛山)은 광체(鑛體)의 분포(分布)에 따라 본산지구(本山地區), 동점지구(銅店地區) 및 태백지구(太白地區)로 구분할 수 있다. 태백지구(太白地區)에 대한 본격적인 탐광(探鑛)이 시작되기 전인 1981년 당시, 약 25년 동안 채광작업(採鑛作業)이 진행되어 온 본산지역(本山地域)은 주종광체(主宗鑛體)인 월암(月岩) 및 남산광체(南山鑛體)가 -600m level에서 하한(下限)이 드러남에 따라 광량(鑛量)이 크게 소진(消盡)된 상태였으며, 동점지성(銅店地城)은 상하(上下)의 광황변화(鑛況變化)는 크지 않으나 광체(鑛體)의 규모(規模)가 비교적 작아, 조업(操業)의 안정(安定)을 위해서는 신광화대(新鑛化帶)의 개발(開發)이 시급(時急)한 과제(課題)로 대두되었다. 이에 따라 평천(平川), 태백(太白), 동점역(銅店驛), 방터골, 삼방산광화대(三芳山鑛化帶) 등 연화(蓮花) 전역(全域)에 걸쳐 모암(母岩)의 분포(分布), 지질구조(地質構造), 광징(鑛徵) 등을 검토한 결과 탐광대상(探鑛對象)에서 제외되어 왔던 태백지구(太白地區)가 다음과 같은 점에서 유망(有望)한 탐사후보지(探査候補地)로 부각되었다. 첫째, 지표(地表)에서는 풍촌석회암층(豊村石灰岩層)이 분포(分布)되지 않으나 지질구조(地質構造)를 검토한 결과 -300m level 하부(下部)에서는 이의 전층(全層)이 분포(分布)할 것으로 예상되며, 둘째, 두무동층(斗務洞層) 및 동점규암층내(銅店珪岩層內)에서 발견된 광징(鑛徵)들이 하부(下部)의 풍촌석회암내(豊村石灰岩內)로 연장(延長)되면 부광부(富鑛部)를 이룰 것으로 기대되고, 셋째, 지층(地層)의 경사(傾斜)가 $50^{\circ}$ 이상(以上)인 점, 석영반암(石英斑岩)이 분포(分布)하는 점 등은 광상배태(鑛床胚胎)에 양호(良好)한 조건(條件)이고, 넷째, 본산지구(本山地區)의 월곡(月谷), 월암(月岩), 남산(南山)등 주종광화대(主宗鑛化帶)의 연장부(延長部)인 점, 다섯째, 중앙견갱(中央堅坑)으로부터 약 2km 거리로 탐사단계(探査段階)에 별도의 신규투자(新規投資) 없이 굴진(掘進)이 가능하다는 개발조건상(開發條件上)의 이점(利點)이 있었다. 이에 따라 태백지구(太白地區)에 대한 지표정사(地表精査), 물리탐사(物理探査) 및 지화탐(地化探)을 실시하고, 20여년간 축적된 연화광산(蓮花鑛山)의 지질(地質), 광상자료(鑛床資料)를 정리(整理), 그 특성(特性)을 태백지구(太白地區) 탐사(探査)의 가설(假說)로 적용하여 시추계획(試錐計劃)을 수립, 1982년 구조시추(構造試錐)를 실시한 결과 지질구조(地質構造), 풍촌석회암층(豊村石灰岩層)의 분포(分布) 등이 거의 예상했던 대로 밝혀졌으며 태백(太白) 1호광체(號鑛體)의 일단(一端)이 확인되기에 이르렀다. 1983년(年) 7월(月) 본산지구(本山地區) -600m level에서 태백(太白) 크로스 탐광굴진(探鑛掘進)이 착수되었으며, 1985년에 마침내 갱내(坑內)에서 태백(太白) 1호(號), 2호(號) 광체(鑛體)가 착광(着鑛)되었다. -600m level에서의 태백(太白) 1호광체(號鑛體)의 규모(規模)는 연장(延長) 300m, 평균맥폭(平均脈幅) 8.5m이며, 품위(品位)는 Pb 4.5%, Zn 4.5%, Ag 109g/t이다. 태백광화대(太白鑛化帶)의 지질학적(地質學的) 예상광량(豫想鑛量)은 1,000만(萬)t 이상(以上)이 될 것으로 추정(推定)되며, 현재 -480m level에서 -720m level에 이르기까지 5개 level에서 가행(稼行)되고 있다. 현재 level에서 태백(太白) 1호(號) 광체(鑛體)는 풍촌석회암층(豊村石灰岩層) 및 화절층(花折層)을 모암(母岩)으로 하여 맥상광상(脈狀鑛床)으로 생산(生産)되며, 맥석광물(脈石鑛物)은 능망간석, Mn-방해석(方解石), 방해석(方解石), 석영(石英) 등이고 광석광물(鑛石鑛物)은 섬아연석(閃亞鉛石), 방연석(方鉛石), 황철석(黃鐵石), 자유철석(磁硫鐵石), 유비광석(硫砒鑛石), 황동석(黃銅石), 사면동석(四面銅石), 엘렉트럼 등이다. 태백지구(太自地區)는 광상(鑛床)의 산출상태(産出狀態) 및 지질(地質), 광상학적(鑛床學的) 환경(環境)이 본산지구(本山地區)와 거의 동일(同一)함이 밝혀지고 있다. 태백지구(太白地區)에서는 현재 태백(太白) 1호(號), 2호(號), 3호(號), 5호(號) 및 절골 1호(號), 2호(號) 등 6개 광화대(鑛化帶)에 대한 탐광(探鑛)이 진행되고 있다.