• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2013

An experimental research on the possibility of using fiber reinforced concrete precast tunnel segments instead of traditional reinforced concrete(RC) segment has been performed in europe. This solution allows removing the traditional reinforcement with several advantages in terms of quality and cost reduction. Full-scale bending tests were carried out in order to compare the behaviour of the segments under flexural actions on both rebar reinforced concrete and rebar-fiber reinforced elements. The test results showed that the fiber reinforced concrete can substitute the traditional reinforcement; in particular the segment performance is improved by the fiber presence, mainly in terms of crack.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.151-159
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• 2011

This study performed an experimental study for air-tightness performance evaluation of concrete tube structures with joints. The test specimens consist of a continuous concrete tube, a concrete tube with a joint in the middle, and a segmented concrete tube. The test is performed in such a way that the inner pressure of the tube is dropped down to 0.1atm and the increase of the pressure is monitored with time. An equivalent air permeability is then calculated based on the test results. The results show that, as expected, a structure with more joints or bonds tends to be less air-tight. A sensitivity study shows that the system air-tightness performance level becomes higher as either the diameter or the thickness of the tube increases. Moreover, the increase in the diameter or the thickness of the tube makes an effort to enhance the air-tightness more effective.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2020

The present study examined the effect of the silica-based accelerating agents on the setting time and compressive strength gain of biomimetic glycocalix coating materials that has been developed for protecting the substrate of concrete exposed to chemical and microbiological attacks. The accelerating agent contents varied from 10mL/L to 40mL/L in the mixtures of glycocalix coating materials determined for shotcrete and lining techniques. Test results showed that the setting time of coating materials containing accelerating agents was affected by the contents of the bacteria carrier. When the accelerating agent content was 40mL/L, the final setting time was 80 minutes for shotcrete mixtures and 318 minutes for lining mixtures. Meanwhile, the compressive strength gain of coating materials with accelerating agents tended to be lower than that of counterpart materials without accelerating agents.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.21-34
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• 2014

This paper studies the time-dependent behaviors of tunnel and surrounding ground due to tunnel deterioration. In the first part, the literature on deterioration characteristics of tunnels was reviewed. In the second part, a numerical analysis was performed to investigate the behavior of concrete lining on the typical section of Korean high-speed rail tunnel (weathered rock) after determination of input variables related to deterioration impact. The result shows that the settlement at the crown of tunnel and surface ground increased up to 7.0% and 30.2% of the total settlements during construction stage, respectively, and the internal convergence reduction of 9.0 mm for concrete linings was generated within 30 years after completion of tunnel construction. Also the loosening height increased up to 2.55 times of tunnel height within 50 years, which is higher than that of Terzaghi's recommendation on ultimate state. Due to this process of extending zones, it is found that additional loads were applied to concrete lining with the axial stress about 3.20~3.66 MPa, which accelerates tunnel deterioration. Finally the quantitative design approach to evaluate time-dependent behavior of lining and surrounding ground due to tunnel deterioration was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

Gangwon province which is located in northeast of Korea is the coldest region where average daily temperature is below zero during winter while the other regions are above zero. However, there have been insufficient researches on the insulation design and the effect of the insulation on the freezing damages, even though freezing damages were reported consistently in the lining of road tunnel during winter. In this study, to investigate the effect of insulations on the reduction of freezing damages, numerical analysis was performed considering geotechnical and meteorological characteristics in Gangwon province during winter. As a result, it was found that thickness of concrete and shotcrete in lining had negligible effect on the freezing depth while the insulation had significant effect on it. In addition, because the freezing depth is greatly affected by the thermal conductivity of the ground behind the lining in the period of cold weather, these effects should be considered in the estimation of the insulation thickness.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.191-194
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• 2008

The cavity behind the tunnel lining, caused by overbrake, might be cause a severe instability during tunnel construction. So backfill grouting is essentially required. GPR(Ground penetrating Radar) is widely used to identify the position and size of the cavity and to verify the effect of the backfill grouting. In this study, GPR survey with 450 MHz antenna was implied to access the effect of the backfill grouting before and after the work to the crown part of ○○ tunnel in Seoul respectively. The result of GPR survey conducted before the backfill, was revealed that cavities behind the lining were existed in the areas of 8 spans. Finally, from the GPR survey implied after backfilling, it was turned out that backfill grouting was successfully carried out. Also, GPR survey was ascertained the better contact between lining and rock base at arrangement of bar span.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.249-256
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• 2003

To investigate the safety and stability of the concrete lining, numerous studies have been conducted over the years and several methods have been developed. Most signal processing method of NDT techniques has based on the Fourier analysis. However, the application of Fourier analysis to analyze recorded signal shows results only in frequency domain, it is not enough to analyze transient waves precisely. In this study, a new NDT technique .using the wavelet theory was employed for the analysis of non-stationary wave propagation induced by mechanical impact in the concrete lining. The wavelet transform of transient signals provides a method for mapping the frequency spectrum as a function of time. To verify the availability of wavelet transform as a time- frequency analysis tool, model experiments have been conducted on the concrete lining model. From this study, it was found that the contour map by Wavelet transform provides more distinct results than the power spectrum by Fourier transform and it was concluded that Wavelet transform was an effective tool for the experimental analysis of dispersive waves in concrete structures.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 1997

The interest of diagnosis and maintenance of construction is increasing due to the collapse of infastructures. To obtain the complete, reliable and reproducible data ont he state of the entire structure, various non-destructive techniques are available, Especially, specific constructional characteristics of tunnels make the application of non-destructive tests more difficult. Despite of the complications of these conditions, non-destructive techniques should be capable of providing a description of the state of the tunnel lining, without the removal of the tunnel installations. In this paper, the infrared thermography technique using the difference of surface temperature was studied. The optimum equipment was selected and introduced, the principle, testing method and data anlaysis were investigated. Also, through the case study for inspection of concrete tunnel lining, this technique has proven to be a valuable non-destructive test for detecting the defects such as crack, leakage of water and exfoliation of concrete. The applicability and usefulness of this technique for estimation of concrete tunnel lining have been conformed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Rock Mechanics Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.137-146
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• 2007

해저 지하 구조물을 시공할 경우는 높은 수압 및 침투압 등의 영향이 무시될 수 없으므로 지하저장 공동의 정확한 거동평가를 위해서는 수리-역학적 해석이 수행되어야만 한다. 또한, 실무에서는 암반이완하중을 고려하여 터널의 콘크리트 라이닝을 설계하며, 이를 위해 이완하중고를 터널 주변의 국부안전율 분포를 이용하여 수치해석에 의해 산정하는 방법이 제안된바 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 해저터널을 대상으로 수리-역학적 연계해석 시 국부안전율을 이용한 이완하중고 산정 기법의 타당성을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 3등급 암반을 대상으로 숏크리트 수리특성을 이용한 유도배수방법과 집수정의 펌핑을 이용한 유도배수방법을 이용하여 이완하중고를 산정하고 적용성을 비교하였다. 연구 결과 연계해석 시 해저시설물의 안전율 및 이완하중고를 정확하게 산정하기 위해서는 집수정의 펌핑을 이용하여 유도배수하는 모델링 방법이 보다 정확하고 일관성 있는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 1997

As concrete structure is getting old and decrepit, its inspection and diagnosis is getting important. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the soundness of structure using non-destructive tests for effective repairs and maintenances. But, applications of non-destructive tests in tunnel have been used restrictively, due to accessibility only from one side in tunnel lining and presence of tunnel installations. Recently, the various non-destructive techniques have been studied. Especially, ground penetrating radar(GPR) and impact echo (IE) methods have been researched for tunnel inspection. In this study, the applicability of impact echo test in tunnel lining inspection has been investigated. This paper described the tunnel inspection for lining thickness and internal flaw using impact echo tests. Model tests were carried out using impact echo test systems on two concrete models, Model I is measuring for lining thickness, Model II is detecting for internal flaw. Also, the test were applied for lining inspections in a tunnel constructed by NATM. From the results of impact echo tests, we have concluded that impact echo test is a very useful and effective technique for inspecting the concrete tunnel linings.