• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.581-587
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• 2021

Real-time video streaming scheme for multimedia content delivery and remote conference services is one of technologies that are significantly sensitive to data transmission delay. Recently, because of COVID-19, real-time video streaming contents for the services are significantly increased such as personal broadcasting and remote school class. In order to support the services, there is a growing emphasis on low transmission delay and secure content delivery, respectively. Therefore, our research proposed a packet aggregation algorithm to reduce the transmission delay of selectively encrypted video transmission for real-time video streaming services. Through the application of the proposed algorithm, the selectively encrypted video framework can control the amount of MPEG-2 TS packets for low latency transmission with a consideration of packet priorities. Evaluation results on testbed show that the application of the proposed algorithm to the video framework can reduce approximately 11% of the transmission delay for high and low resolution video.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.261-278
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop an assessment to diagnose difficulties in learning mathematics and misconstructions that elementary students have. With thorough theoretical background and analysis of mathematics curriculum documents, we established learning trajectories for the following content areas in grades 3 to 6: number and operation, regularity, data and chance, geometry, and measurement. Then, the research team created the assessment items targeting a specific stage in the learning trajectories and including item options to identify possible misconceptions. Based on the unified validity theory, we reported the detailed procedure of the assessment development and the evidence for the content, substance, and structural validity of the assessment. We collected the data of 675 elementary students. Rasch measurement modeling was applied, and Cronbach's alpha was estimated. We considered how to report students' assessment results to teachers appropriately and immediately, which suggested important implications for supporting teaching and learning mathematics in elementary schools. We also suggested how to use the assessment developed in this study in online and distance learning environments due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.265-283
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• 2022

To develop Korean coronavirus disease (COVID-19) chest imaging justification guidelines, eight key questions were selected and the following recommendations were made with the evidence-based clinical imaging guideline adaptation methodology. It is appropriate not to use chest imaging tests (chest radiograph or CT) for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in asymptomatic patients. If reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing is not available or if results are delayed or are initially negative in the presence of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19, chest imaging tests may be considered. In addition to clinical evaluations and laboratory tests, chest imaging may be contemplated to determine hospital admission for asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic un-hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. In hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19, chest imaging may be advised to determine or modify treatment alternatives. CT angiography may be considered if hemoptysis or pulmonary embolism is clinically suspected in a patient with confirmed COVID-19. For COVID-19 patients with improved symptoms, chest imaging is not recommended to make decisions regarding hospital discharge. For patients with functional impairment after recovery from COVID-19, chest imaging may be considered to distinguish a potentially treatable disease.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.147-154
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• 2022

The clinical severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children is usually mild. Most of the affected patients completely recovered from COVID-19 before being released from approximately 7-day quarantine. However, children with comorbidities are at risk of more severe disease and adverse outcomes. We report three cases of COVID-19-affected adolescents with underlying chronic respiratory difficulty due to neurologic diseases who showed sudden clinical aggravations at the time of discharge, even after full clinical improvement. Patient 1 is a 17-year-old boy with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy who had cardiopulmonary arrest 9 days after the initial COVID-19 symptoms. Patient 2 is a 17-year-old girl with intracerebral hemorrhage with infarction in bed-ridden status who had cardiopulmonary arrest 11 days after the initial symptoms. Patient 3 is a 12-year-old boy with intraventricular hemorrhage with hydrocephalus in bed-ridden status who showed multiorgan failure 10 days after the initial symptoms. Remdesivir, dexamethasone, and empirical antibiotics were administered with mechanical ventilation and intensive unit care. Among the three patients, two (patients 1 and 3) were alive, and one (patient 2) expired. Clinicians caring for adolescents with chronic neurologic and/or pulmonary disease should keep in mind that these patients could have sudden deterioration after recovery from the acute phase of COVID-19 around or after the time of discharge.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.722-732
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• 2021

Purpose: Due to the coronavirus infection-19 (COVID) pendemics, all educational institutions were required to provide full non-face-to-face real-time education, and fire officials were required to provide fire-fighting education by applying non-face-to-face education. In this difficult situation, the National Fire Service Academy tries to find the direction of the non-face-to-face real-time education and suggest ways to improve it through a survey of the status of non-face-to-face real-time education conducted by the NFSA to fire officials. Method: A survey was conducted on fire officials under the theme of "Consciousness Survey for Improving the Quality and Specialization of Non-face-to-face Real-Time Remote Education" and an in-depth analysis was conducted based on the results. Result & Conclusion: First, professors or educational operators shall actively utilize remote education programs suitable for educational characteristics by utilizing various programs. Second, a dedicated notebook for non-face-to-face training should be provided to provide an educational environment where all learners can participate in the training without difficulty. Third, in the case of education and training that requires the use of equipment due to the nature of fire officials' education and training, it is necessary to consider it as a non-face-to-face training place by arranging educational equipment at each fire station. Fourth, it is hard to expect a satisfactory educational effect to cope with practical education with theoretical education. Therefore, facilities and programs that enable non-face-to-face real-time hands-on training should be developed. It is worth considering the proper combination of face-to-face education while maintaining the social distance as much as possible until such non-face-to-face training is possible. Fifth, non-face-to-face education is considered to have high eye fatigue due to the light and electromagnetic waves of the computer screen, and as time goes by, the concentration level decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to form an education time to reduce the eye fatigue of learners and increase concentration through proper class and rest time. Finally, professors should operate a learner participation-oriented education that allows professors and learners to interact rather than one-sided knowledge transfer education. In addition, technical problems of non-face-to-face remote education should be thoroughly prepared through preliminary system checks to ensure that education is not disrupted.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data on the negative factors of oral health in masks and the importance of oral health management according to the use of masks to prevent novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19). From May 3 to 31, 2021, 232 adults aged 20 to 59 across the country were surveyed and statistically analyzed. As for the mask selection, 63.9% of men and 61.3% of women chose the KF_94 mask for both men and women, and it was found that the older they were, the more they chose the KF_94 mask. Self-recognition of dry mouth and bad breath due to wearing a mask showed that the group wearing a cotton mask felt high dry mouth, and there was a statistically significant difference. There was a significant positive correlation between mask type, dry mouth(r=.142, p<.05), and age(r=.234, p<.01). There was a significant positive correlation between mask wearing time and age(r=.158, p<.05), and it was found to be negatively correlated according to occupation, and was statistically significant(r=-.472, p< .01). Dry mouth had a statistically significant positive correlation with bad breath(r=3.04, p<.01) and age(r=.224, p<.01).

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2021

After initial reports of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) in April 2020 in Europe, this disease has been known to occur in children with recent history of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and most cases have been reported in Europe and the Unites States of America. We report a case of a 14-year-old girl who was diagnosed with MIS-C with acute myocarditis and successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), methylprednisolone, and anakinra. At initial presentation, she had persistent high fever, generalized rash, generalized swelling, abdominal pain, and low blood pressure. She showed a remarkably elevated level of inflammation and cardiac enzyme markers and had a previous history of COVID-19 5 weeks before the initial presentation. After extensive work up, other infectious and non-infectious causes were excluded. She was diagnosed with MIS-C and initially treated with IVIG and high-dose methylprednisolone; however, despite treatment, her heart function deteriorated and coronary artery dilatation progressed. Therefore, anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, was administered on hospital day 6, after which her cardiac function exhibited improvement. She was discharged on hospital day 19 without any symptoms, and follow-up echocardiography after 1 month revealed fully recovered heart function with normal coronary arteries.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.15-26
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• 2023

Purposes: Evaluate the level of mental health of administrative workers in medical institutions during the COVID-19 epidemic, and check the relationship. Methodology: It targeted 183 administrative workers at medical institutions located in Jeollabuk-do. The data survey method used a self-filled questionnaire, and the data collection period was 30 days from November 16, 2021 to December 16, 2021. A comparative analysis was conducted to find out the correlation between the subjects' biological factors, environmental factors, lifestyle factors, job related factors and depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and job stress. Findings: As an influencing factor of depression, it was found that the longer the working period, the higher the depression, and the higher the position, job satisfaction, and the total amount of smoking, the lower the depression. Due to the effect on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, the higher the total amount of smoking, the higher the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder after effects, and the higher the organizational commitment and job satisfaction, the lower the Post Traumatic Stress Disorder aftereffects. It was found that organizational commitment had the highest influence on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. As an influencing factor on job stress, it was found that the higher the job related factors was job satisfaction and organizational commitment, the lower the job stress. Practical Implications: Variables such as moderate physical activity, alcohol consumption, total smoking, working period, position, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment were identified as factors influencing depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, and job stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.130-137
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• 2022

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, appropriate management of sequelae and treatment of infectious symptoms became increasingly important healthcare issues. Although the practice guidelines and treatment cases based on the East Asian traditional medicine have been reported, there are rare studies on the use of Korean medicine in Korea. Therefore, this study aimed to present the progress of non-contact Korean medical treatment for infected patients at a local public health center using retrospective chart review. A total of 18 patients were prescribed with 5 days of herbal decoction and medicine extract covered by the national health insurance. With the questionnaire form, the progression and improvement of symptoms before and after treatment were evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS), and the treatment satisfaction and opinions were obtained. The symptoms such as cough (5.56±2.23 to 2.89±2.14), sputum (6.11±1,75 to 3.28±2.47), sore throat (6.06±2.70 to 1.47±1.62), anorexia (5.56±2.63 to 1.94±2.21), nausea (3.75±1.71 to 1.17±1.11), diarrhea (3.40±2.63 to 1.50±1.51), chest tightness (4.93±2.46 to 2.29±2.30) and fatigue (6.44±1.79 to 2.67±1.88) all improved according to the NRS, and the satisfaction with herbal medicine treatment on a 5-point Likert scale was 4.24±0.90. No side effects and adverse reactions were reported. Thereupon non-contact Korean medical treatment can be concluded that it effectively reduces the COVID-19 infection mild symptoms in restrictive extent. Since the retrospective data does not include a control group, the more confirmative data is needed by multicenter and large-scale controlled clinical study afterwards.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.309-321
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• 2022

As the spread of COVID19 has compelled activities in various fields to transform to adapt to the non-face-to-face environment, various activities have either already been transitioned into non-face-to-face methods or been searching for alternative methods to carry out activities in a non-face-to-face manner. However, there are apparent limits in handling this transition with the pre-existing digital technology. Ironically, said limitations are more apparent in the UX design field that has thus far emphasized resolutions based on digital technology. The reason for this stems from the nature of UX design which strongly emphasizes the importance of collaboration. Especially, in the field of UX design, problems are expected to surface under areas of communication and collaboration in workshops, which are productive means of collecting the ideas of interested parties and coming up with other new ideas. Based on the aforementioned rise of necessity, this study aims to assess the characteristics of workshops in the field of UX design and suggest an effective method of transitioning UX workshops into a non-face-to-face environment. Along the line of this process, this study has created a standard process in regards to design workshops with active creation, suggestion, and acceptance of ideas, among the various types of workshops defined by the Nielsen Norman Group. This study also developed a framework consisting of non-face-to-face workshops by combining with the standard process the methodologies of workshop activation and non-face-to-face services meant for communication and designing activities, and confirmed the adaptability and the effectiveness of said transition against various types of workshops. Application of the results of this study is expected to effectively lead the transition into the non-face-to-face environment and improve the collaborative efforts of the interested parties via workshops.