• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2011

Purpose: Study on the effect of the use of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation(PNF) method by use of the direction and charge regulation which is the advantage of the Thera-band therapy on the walks and balances in old people and comparison with the result after applying the general PNF technique. Method: The study has been performed on 30 females over 65 years old. The study has been done by dividing the object group in 3 patterns, which are number 1, the comparison group of 10, two ones that are applied the PNF technique using Thera-band and third, the ones that are applied only the PNF technique. For the PNF and the Thera-band using PNF, we have divided the group into Combination of Isotonic technique and the Rhythmical stabilization technique according to the patient's acquaintance pattern and applied them to the patient's body. Evaluation was the balancing ability which was calculated by using the BIODEX Balance system / FRT and for the evaluation of walking ability, we have used the speed of walking for 10M / TUG. Result: In the comparison group of 10, the balancing ability and the walking ability did not change much before and after the experiment, which made it possible to compare the group with the other two easily(p>0.05). For the other two groups, we have recognized the enhancement both in the balancing ability and the walking ability, but they did not know much difference between themselves(p<0.05). Conclusion: Though there were not a big difference in the sense of improvement between the Thera-band using PNF and the PNF technique only, we could infer that these two therapy has enhanced much in the walking and balancing ability for people over 65 and through these result we can foresee that not only using the method shown in this study but also by using many advantages of Thera-band, we could diminish the tiredness of healer, enhance the efficiency of exercise in them and also by forming self training program for older people we could help them build the prevention program from falls.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.877-883
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• 1998

Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB), a standard adjunct for open heart surgery, can also play an important role in treating patients with noncardiac diseases. Material and Method: We report a collective analysis of noncardiac applications of cardiopulmonary bypass experienced at Seoul National University Hospital from 1969 to 1996. Out of a total of 20 patients, 8 were treated for membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava(MOVC), 5 for malignant melanoma, 3 for pulmonary embolism, 1 for double lung transplantation, 1 for intracranial giant aneurysm(GA), 1 for renal cell carcinoma(RC), and 1 for liposarcoma. CPB was used to induce profound hypothermia with circulatory arrest in 6 patients(MOVC 4, GA 1, RC 1). Result: CPB time was 113 mins on average for MOVC, 161 mins for GA, and 156 mins for RC, while the lowest rectal temperature was 26$^{\circ}C$ on average in MOVC, and 19$^{\circ}C$ in GA and RC. Postoperative recovery was good in all MOVC patients. The patient with GA, who underwent reoperation for the removal of hematoma, died 14 days postoperatively. The patient with RC recovered from the operation in a good condition but died from metastatic spread 6 months later. CPB was instituted for pulmonary embolectomy in 3 patients, in whom postoperative courses were uneventful, except in 1 patient who showed transient neurologic symptoms. CPB was used in a patient with double-lung transplantation for hemodynamic and ventilatory support. The patient was weaned successfully from CPB but died from low output and septicemia 19 days postoperatively. CPB without circulatory arrest was used to treat in 4 patients with MOVC. These patients showed good postoperative courses. CPB was used to administer high concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents to the extremities in 6 patients(malignant melanoma 5, recurrent liposarcoma 1). CPB time was 153 mins on average. No complications such as edema and neurologic disability were found. Conclusion: Although CPB has a limited indication in noncardiac diseases, if properly applied, it can be a very useful adjunct in a variety of surgical cases.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.280-283
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• 2018

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended for patients with epileptic seizures to rule out an underlying focal lesion. However, abnormalities in idiopathic generalized epilepsy, including childhood absence epilepsy, cannot usually be identified using brain imaging modalities such as MRI. Peri-ictal MRI abnormalities have been most commonly reported secondary to status epilepticus and are rarely observed in patients with focal seizures and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Transient peri-ictal MRI abnormalities in absence epilepsy are extremely rare. A five-year-old girl presented with a three-day history of absence seizures that persisted despite continued treatment with sodium valproate. Electroencephalography showed bursts of generalized 3-Hz spike-and-wave discharges, during and after hyperventilation. Abnormal cortex thickening in the left perisylvian region was detected on T2-weighted brain MRI, and cortical dysplasia or a tumor was suspected. The patient started treatment with lamotrigine and was seizure-free after one month. The abnormal MRI lesion was completely resolved at the two-month follow-up. We report on a patient with childhood absence epilepsy and reversible brain MRI abnormalities in the perisylvian region. To our knowledge, this is the first report of transient MRI abnormalities after absence seizures. Transient peri-ictal MRI abnormalities should be considered for differential diagnosis in patients with absence seizures and a focal abnormality on brain MRI.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.498-503
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• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study were to find ideal entry point of straight antegrade humeral intramedullary nail (SAHN) for the treatment of proximal humerus fracture in Korean and to analyze anatomical conformity using computed tomography. Materials and Methods: From May 2014 to October 2016, the study was conducted retrospectively on 74 Korean patients who had taken computed tomography on both normal and affected shoulder joint as result of shoulder injury. The mean age of the patients was 64.5 years (range, 22-95 years). Radiologic evaluation was done using multiplanar reconstruction technique of the computer tomography on normal proximal humerus. We located ideal entry point of SAHN as the point where humerus intramedullary center axis and humeral head meet. Distance between the entry point and local anatomical landmark was measured. We defined the critical distance as the distance between entry point and the most medial point of the supraspinatus attachment site. For adequate fixation and avoidance of injury to rotator cuff, critical distance should be over 8 mm according to Euler, and we defined the critical type when it is less than 8 mm. Critical distance, sex, age, height, body weight, body mass index was evaluated for the statistical significance. Results: The ideal entry point was as follows: the mean anteroposterior distance, the sagittal distance to the lateral margin of bicipital groove, was 11.5 mm and the mean mediolateral distance, the coronal distance to the lateral margin of grater tuberosity, was 20.5 mm. The mean critical distance, distance from the entry point to the just medial to insertion of the supraspinatus tendon, was 8.0 mm. Critical type with critical distance less than 8 mm was found in 41 in 74 patients (55.4%). Conclusion: The ideal entry point of SAHN in Korean was located on 11.5 mm posteriorly from the lateral margin of bicipital groove and 20.5 mm medially from lateral margin of greater tuberosity. More than half of the cases were critical type. Since critical type can possibly cause rotate cuff injury during nail insertion on entry point, surgeon should consider anatomical variance before choosing surgical option.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.5-5
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• 2000

액체 추진 로켓 엔진의 고주파 연소 불안정 관련 이론은 대체로 연소기 내부의 음향 공명 모드와 분무 연소 과정의 상호 작용을 구동 메커니즘으로 전제하며 Rayleigh Criterion의 재해석에 기초하여 불안정성 평가를 위한 매개변수를 도입하고 연소 불안정성을 예측한다. 여기에는 음향장 분석 이론, 음향 불안정 이론, 연소응답 및 기화반응 이론 등이 포함된다. 본 연구에서는 LOX/RPl 추진제 조합의 액체 추진 로켓 엔진 연소기를 대상으로 다차원 순수 음향장 해석과 연소-음향장 분석을 통해 대상 엔진의 고주파 연소 불안정 특성을 예측하였다. 수동 제어 기기인 음향공 설치에 따른 연소기의 음향장 및 연소-음향장의 특성 변화를 고찰하고 위 결과를 종합하여 음향공의 연소 불안정 억제 성능 및 대상 엔진의 연소 불안정성을 평가하였다. 연소기 형상 및 음향공 설치에 따른 다차원 순수 음향장 해석은 상용코드인 ANSYS를 사용하여 수행하였다. 내부 유체는 압축성, 비점성 유체로 유체의 평균 유동은 무시하며 위치에 관계없이 균일한 물성치를 부여하였다. 정상상태 연소과정을 가정하고 평형 화학을 이용한 분석 결과로부터 연소 기체의 관련 물성치를 결정하였다. 연소기 길이 방향, 반경 방향, 원주 방향 격자점들의 음향 특성을 주파수 영역에 대해 해석하고 3차원 음향 모드 형상을 토대로 음향장을 분석하였다. 연소-음향장 해석은 음향 불안정 이론 중 n- $\tau$ 2 매개변수 기법을 사용하였다. 연료 액적의 분무 연소 과정을 1차원적으로 가정하고 정상상태의 평형 화학 계산 결과를 이용하여 엔진의 연소면을 1차원적으로 설정하였다. 상류 연소응답과 중립 안정 곡선을 토대로 대상 엔진의 연소 불안정 특성을 분석하였다.구 분석 결과 기술적 문제점으로는 배기 가스온도가 낮은데 따른 출구 부분의 Bearing, Sealing이 문제가 될 수 있다고 판단되며 배기 가스 자체에 대기 공기중에 함유되어 있던 습기가 얼어붙는(Icing화) 문제가 발생하기 때문에 배기가스의 Icing을 방지하기 위하여 압축기 끝단에서 공기를 추출하여 배기부분에 송출할 필요성이 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 출구가스의 기체 유동속도가 매우 빠르므로 (100-l10m.sec) 이를 완화하기 위한 디퓨저의 설계가 요구된다고 판단된다. 또 연소기 후방에 물을 주입하는 경우 열교환기 및 기타 부분품에 발생할 수 있는 부식 및 열교환 효율 저하도 간과할 수 없는 문제로 파악되었다. 이러한 기술적 문제가 적절히 해결되는 경우 비활성 가스 제너레이터는 민수용으로는 대형 빌딩, 산림, 유조선 등의 화재에 매우 적절히 사용되어 질 수 있을 뿐 아니라 군사적으로도 군사작전 중 및 공군 기지의 화재 그리고 지하벙커에 설치되어 있는 고급 첨단 군사 장비 등의 화재 뿐 아니라 대간첩작전 등에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.가 작으며, 본 연소관에 충전된 RDX/AP계 추진제의 경우 추진제의 습기투과에 의한 추진제 물성 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.의 향상으로, 음성개선에 효과적이라고 사료되었으며, 이 방법이 편측 성대마비 환자의 효과적인 음성개선의 치료방법의 하나로 응용될 수 있으리라 생각된다..7%), 혈액투석, 식도부분절제술 및 위루술·위회장문합술을 시행한 경우가 각 1례(2.9%)씩이었다. 13) 심각한 합병증은 9례(26.5%)에서 보였는데 그중 식도협착증이 6례(17.6%), 급성신부전증 1례(2.9%), 종격동기흉과 폐염이 병발한 경우와 폐염이 각 1례(2.9%)였다. 14)

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.259-268
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• 2003

Lactadherin (formerly known as BA46), a major glycoprotein of the human milk fat globule membrane, is abundant in human breast milk and breast carcinoma cells and is known to prevent symptomatic rotavirus infections. In this study, we tried to transfer the human lactadherin gene to the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells using retrovirus vector system and tested inducible expression of the gene under the tetracycline-controllable promoter. At first, tetracycline-mediated inducibility was tested using E.coli LacZ marker gene. NIH3T3 cells co-infected with RevTet-On and RevTRE-LacZ retrovirus vectors showed that the cells responded to doxycycline (a derivative of tetracycline) in a dose-dependent manner, and prominent induction of the lacZ gene expression was observed from 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of doxycycline concentration. Based on the results of the pilot experiment, inductional expression of the human lactadherin gene was conducted using RevTet-On and RevTRE-Ltd retrovirus vectors. Analysis with the RT-PCR demonstrated successful inductional expression of the lactadherin gene in the Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Considering that constitutive overexpression of the exogenous genes in the target cells causes serious physiological imbalance, the results obtained in this study will be very useful especially in the studies of gene therapy and transgenic animal production.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

In recent years, the MOSFET dosimeter has been widely used in various medical applications such as dose verification in radiation therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The MOSFET dosimeter is, however, mainly made of silicon and shows some energy dependence for low energy Photons. Therefore, the MOSFET dosimeter tends to overestimate the dose for low energy scattered photons in a phantom. This study determines the correction factors to compensate these dependences of the MOSFET dosimeter in ATOM phantom. For this, we first constructed a computational model of the ATOM phantom based on the 3D CT image data of the phantom. The voxel phantom was then implemented in a Monte Carlo simulation code and used to calculate the energy spectrum of the photon field at each of the MOSFET dosimeter locations in the phantom. Finally, the correction factors were calculated based on the energy spectrum of the photon field at the dosimeter locations and the pre-determined energy and directional dependence of the MOSFET dosimeter. Our result for $^{60}Co$ and $^{137}Cs$ photon fields shows that the correction factors are distributed within the range of 0.89 and 0.97 considering all the MOSFET dosimeter locations in the phantom.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2001

Voxel head phantom for overcoming the limitation of mathematical phantom in depleting anatomical details was constructed and example dose calculation for BNCT was performed. The repeated structure algorithm of the general purpose Monte Carlo code, MCNP4B was applied for yokel Monte Carlo calculation. Simple binary yokel phantom and combinatorial geometry phantom composed of two materials were constructed for validating the voxel Monte Carlo calculation system. The tomographic images of VHP man provided by NLM(National Library of Medicine) were segmented and indexed to construct yokel head phantom. Comparison of doses for broad parallel gamma and neutron beams in AP and PA directions showed decrease of brain dose due to the attenuation of neutron in eye balls in case of yokel head phantom. The spherical tumor volume with diameter, 5cm was defined in the center of brain for BNCT dose calculation in which accurate 3 dimensional dose calculation is essential. As a result of BNCT dose calculation for downward neutron beam of 10keV and 40keV, the tumor dose is about doubled when boron concentration ratio between the tumor to the normal tissue is $30{\mu}g/g$ to $3{\mu}g/g$. This study established the voxel Monte Carlo calculation system and suggested the feasibility of precise dose calculation in therapeutic radiology.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.586-591
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• 2005

우리나라는 에너지의 안정적 공급과 에너지이용 과정에서 발생하는 환경적, 안보적 외부성을 최소화하는 에너지수급 구조를 마련하기 위해 2003년 12월 '제2차 신재생에너지 기술개발 및 이용보급 기본계획(2003-2012)'을 발표하였다. 이 계획에서는 2011년까지 전체 TPES의 $5\%$를 신재생에너지로 공급하는 것을 정책목표로 수립하고 수소, 태양광 그리고 풍력기술을 중점적으로 추진하기로 하였다. 특히 수소부문에서는 주택 및 건물용, 발전용, 수송용 연료전지의 개발을 중심으로 개발하여 세계 기술시장의 $20\%$를 확보한다는 계획을 발표하였다. 이러한 기술 잠재력을 기반으로 우리 정부도 미국이나 일본과 같이 수소경제로의 전환을 준비하고 있으며 2020년대 이후 우리나라의 에너지부문은 새로운 국면에 접어들 것으로 전망된다. 에너지나 환경기술의 효과적 인 개발을 위해서는 이들 기술의 직접적인 비용측면에 대한 분석 즉 경제성 평가와 새로운 기술변화로 인한 중장기적인 사회경제적 영향평가가 선행되어야 한다. 이러한 평가는 대상 기술의 사회경제적 파급효과가 광범위할수록 더욱 복잡한 분석이 요구된다. 본 연구의 주제인 수소에너지기술은 지금까지 이용되던 것과는 전혀 새로운 에너지캐리어(carrier)를 개발하는 것으로 에너지부문 및 여타 다른 산업부문이 공유하고 있는 에너지 관련 인프라의 전면적인 조정이 요구되며 에너지 이용과 관련된 사회경제적 측면의 급속한 변화를 수반한다. 본 연구는 수소경제로의 이행에 대한 사회경제적 영향평가의 방법론적 요소들과 기법을 제시한다."중등도 독성"으로 나타났다 이상의 결과는 전기도금을 이용하여 교정용 선재의 직경을 증가시키는 방법이 임상에 적용되기 위해서는 세포독성을 줄이기 위한 추가의 연구가 필요함을 시사하였다.의하게 가장 낮은 정지. 운동 마찰력을 보였고 브라켓-호선 각도가 증가함에 따라 유의하게 정지, 운동 마찰력도 증가하였다 (P<0.001)%$ 낮추지만(p value=0.260) 평균 $D_{max}$는 거의동일 하여($0.3\%$ 감소, p value=0.867), 전통적인 방법보다 우수성이 크게는 없는 것으로 평가되었다. 그러나 환자의 체곡선이 보상체와 잘 일치하는 경우에는 DII가 $18\%$까지 감소하였다. 결론 : Multistatic field 방법은 모든 환자에 대하여 선량분포의 균일성을 전반적으로 향상시키는 효과적인 방법으로 평가되는 반면 공용보상체의 사용은 보상체의 크기가 환자의 체 윤곽과 잘 일치하는 경우만 효과적으로, 적용의 범위에는 한계가 있는 방법으로 평가되었다.비교하여 계통에 따르는 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 가임기 여성의 방사선 진단 및 치료시 Rugh의 10일 법칙을 적용하여 착상전기 방사선 조사로 인한 부작용들을 적극적으로 예방하는 것이 매우 중요하다고 생각한다.equirements of the prematured infants during the early weeks of life. 모든 치근단 수준에서 비표준화 medium 크기 master cone 사용군이 ISO 표준화 규격의 master cone 사용군에 비해

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find the effects of scapular pattern and hold-relax technique of propriocetive neuromuscular facilitation(PNF) on the range of motion(ROM) and to find the effects of pain relieve through visual analogue scale(VAS) in frozen shoulder patients. The subjects were consisted of thirty frozen shoulder patients(men ; 9, women ; 21). The measurement of the shoulder range of motion was taken by measuring the degrees of flexion, abduction, and external rotation with a goniometer and the measurement of pain was performed by VAS from pre treatment to one to four weeks The results were as follows : 1. There was the statistical significance not only in the range of motion such as shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation, but also in VAS during four weeks(p<.05). 2. By the result of Scheffe's multiple comparison test. there was statistical significance between the values of pre treatment and treatment after one week in the range of motion of shoulder flexion. In that of shoulder external rotation, there was statistical significance between the values of pre treatment and treatment after one week, and between those of treatment after one and two weeks. As the result of this statistical significance of shoulder external rotation, the early treatment was thought to be more effective. However, there was statistical significance in the treatment after two and three weeks in shoulder abduction and was statistical significance between the values of pre treatment and the treatment after one weeks, and between those of treatment after two and three weeks in VAS (p<.05). 3. There was not statistical significance between men and women in the range of motion of the shoulder and in VAS(p>.05). 4. There not statistical significance between th right and left frozen shoulder patients in the range of motion of shoulder and in VAS(p>.05).