• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 2021

The inflow of digital systems into the dental field has had a great impact on dentists and dental technicians. and it brought improved accuracy, convenience, and work efficiency than before. However, digital doesn't solve everything, and it certainly has limitations. Therefore, it is recommended that clinicians clearly understand the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional method and the digital method and design their own workflow that harmonizes the two methods. In this part, I introduce how I use and apply 3D printers in clinical field.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2016.04a
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• pp.150-153
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 제3의 산업혁명을 이끌고 있는 3D프린터에 대해 미래 중추적 역할을 담당할 3D프린팅 교육생의 3D프린터 사용의도를 기술수용모델(TAM)에 기반하여 검증하기 기초연구이다. 본 목적을 달성하기 위하여 서울의 3D프린팅 교육기관 교육전문가 조사를 실시하였으며, 차후 교육 대상자를 설문조사하여 3D프린터에 대한 기술수용의도를 파악하고 분석하고자 한다. 또한, 분석한 결과를 통해 미래 제조업 창업의 핵심 역할을 담당할 3D프린터 사용 활성화를 위한 연구기반을 마련하고자 한다. '3D프린팅 넥스트 레볼루션'의 저자 크리스토퍼 바넷은 언젠가는 3D프린팅이 우리의 삶을 혁명적으로 바꿀 것이라고 예상하고 있다. 3D프린터를 통해 개개인은 맞춤형 제품을 만들어 낼 것이 틀림없다. 치과 의료, 운송 및 항공, 로봇, 군용, 우주, 건축, 요리 등에서 다양하게 3D프린터를 활용한 제품들이 미래에 쏟아져 나올 것으로 예상한다. 생산의 민주화를 이끌 3D프린터는 기존 산업에 큰 기회와 동시에 위협을 주고 있다. 크라우드 및 네트워크를 통한 3D데이터 거래와 지구촌 여러 곳에 3D프린터가 활용된다면, 기존 산업에 혁명적인 변화가 있으리라 짐작된다. 전문가 인터뷰 결과를 기반으로 3D프린터 사용의도에 영향을 주는 5가지 요인으로 3D모델링 경험, 비용, 품질, 유희성, 혁신성이 나타났다. 5가지 독립변인은 TAM모델의 인지된 사용 유용성과 3D프린터에 대한 기술수용의도를 파악해 보고자 한다. 3D프린터 교육기간, 전공 및 학과, 개인의 경험과 혁신성의 차이가 3D프린터 기술수용 여부에 영향을 줄 것으로 예상된다. 서울지역 3D프린터 관련 교육기관에서 교육을 받았거나 받고 있는 학생을 대상으로 연구를 할 계획이며, 지역을 확대한 연구가 차후 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.82-96
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• 2018

3D printing is a process of producing 3d object from a digital file in STL format by joining, bonding, sintering or polymerizing small volume elements by layer. The various type of 3d printing is classified according to the additive manufacturing strategies. Among the types of 3D printer, SLA(StereoLithography Apparatus) and DLP(Digital Light Processing) 3D printer which use polymerization by light source are widely used in dental office. In the previous study, a full-arch scale 3d printed model is less precise than a conventional stone model. However, in scale of quadrant arch, a 3d printed model is significantly precise than a five-axis milled model. Using $3^{rd}$ Party dental CAD program, full denture, provisional crowns and diagnostic wax-up model are fabricated by 3d printer in dental office. In Orthodontics, based on virtual setup model, indirect bracket bonding tray can be generated by 3d printer. And thermoforming clear aligner can be fabricated on the 3d printed model. 3D printed individual drilling guide enable the clinician to place the dental implant on the proper position. The development of layer additive technology enhance the quality of 3d printing object and shorten the operating time of 3D printing. In the near future, traditional dental laboratory process such as casting, denture curing will be replaced by digital 3D printing.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.242-253
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of dies fabricated using 3D printing system to conventional method and to evaluate overall volumetric changes by arranging the superimposed surfaces. Materials and Methods: A mandibular right first molar from a dental model was prepared, scanned and fabricated with composites of polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). Master dies were classified into 4 groups. For the conventional method, the impression was taken with polyvinylsiloxane and the impression was poured with Type IV dental stone. For the 3D printing, the standard die was scanned and converted into models using three different 3D printers. Each of four methods was used to make 10 specimens. Scanned files were superimposed with the standard die by using 3D surface matching software. For statistical analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test were done (P < 0.05). Results: Compared to the standard model, the volumetric changes of dies fabricated by each method were significantly different except the models fabricated by conventional method and 3D printer of Stereolithography (P < 0.05). The conventional dies showed the lowest volumetric change than 3D printed dies (P < 0.05). 3D printed dies fabricated by Stereolithography showed the lowest volumetric change among the different 3D printers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The conventional dies were more accurate than 3D printed dies, though 3D printed dies were within clinically acceptable range. Thus, 3D printed dies can be used for fabricating restorations.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.246-253
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• 2022

Flabby tissue is not rare for denture wearers. Mucostatic impression technique is necessary due to compromised retention and stability of denture resulting from distortion of mobile flabby tissue. In this report, individual tray was fabricated by model-scanning and 3D printing treatment denture. And then, mucostatic impression for flabby tissue was obtained by using individual tray modified with window technique. Definitive denture was fabricated based on information of treatment denture including incisal pontic arrangement, jaw relationship and occlusion.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.225-231
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was undertaken to compare fracture and flexural strength of provisional restorative resins fabricated by additive manufacturing, subtractive manufacturing, and conventional direct technique. Materials and methods: Five types of provisional restorative resin made with different methods were investigated: Stereolithography apparatus (SLA) 3D printer (S3Z), two digital light processing (DLP) 3D printer (D3Z, D3P), milling method (MIL), conventional method (CON). For fracture strength test, premolar shaped specimens were prepared by each method and stored in distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Compressive load was measured using a universal testing machine (UTM). For flexural strength test, rectangular bar specimens ($25{\times}2{\times}2mm$) were prepared by each method according to ISO 10477 and flexural strength was measured by UTM. Results: Fracture strengths of the S3Z, D3Z, and D3P groups fabricated by additive manufacturing were not significantly different from those of MIL and CON groups (P>.05/10=.005). On the other hand, the flexural strengths of S3Z, D3P, and MIL groups were significantly higher than that of CON group (P<.05), but the flexural strength of D3Z group was significantly lower than that of CON group (P<.05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of our study, provisional restorative resins made from additive manufacturing showed clinically comparable fracture and flexural strength as those made by subtractive manufacturing and conventional method.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.11
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• pp.700-712
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• 2020

The conventional mouthguard fabrication process consists of elastomeric impression taking and followed gypsum model making is now into intraoral scanning and direct mouthguard 3D printing with an additive manufacturing process. Also, dental professionals can get various diagnostic data collection such as facial scans, cone-beam CT, jaw motion tracking, and intraoral scan data to superimpose them for making virtual patient datasets. To print mouthguards, dental CAD software allows dental professionals to design mouthguards with ease. This article shows how to make 3D printed mouthguard step by step.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.104-112
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• 2023

A 3D-printed resin crown is a novel option for esthetic crown restoration for primary teeth, which are typically bonded with resin cement. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bonding ability of a 3D printing resin and compare it with other indirect resin materials for crown fabrication. The shear bond strengths of two 3D printing resin materials, Graphy (GP) and NextDent (NXT), and two indirect resin materials, VIPI Block (VIPI) and MAZIC Duro (MZ), were compared in the study. For all materials, the shear bond strength at the interface between the surface of the resin material and resin cement was measured. The mean shear bond strength values of GP, NXT, MZ, and VIPI were 23.29 ± 3.88, 26.14 ± 4.67, 25.41 ± 4.03, and 18.79 ± 4.26 MPa, respectively. There was no significant difference among the SBSs of GP, NXT and MZ except for VIPI. The result of this study indicates that the 3D printing resin meets the essential requirement for clinical use by showing clinically adequate bond strength.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.126-131
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of dental fixed prostheses fabricated by 3DP (three-dimensional printing). Methods: Ten main models were prepared for the study. Ten specimens were printed by 3DP (3DP group). Ten specimens were fabricated by the lost wax technique and casting method to complete the control group (LWC group). The marginal fit was measured for 20 specimens. The measurement of marginal fit was performed using the silicon replica technique. Finally, the marginal fit of 10 specimens from each group was calculated. An independent sample t-test was run to see if the calculated averages for the two groups were mutually significant (α=0.05). Results: According to the experimental results, the mean marginal fit of the 3DP group was 71.9 ㎛, and the LWC group was 55.3 ㎛. The means of the two groups were found to be significantly different (p<0.001) in the results of the independent sample t-test. Conclusion: The marginal fit of fixed dental prostheses produced by 3DP technology was examined with values greater than those fabricated by traditional technology. However, as it appeared to be a value within the range of clinically acceptable range recommended by numerous studies, it was determined that clinical application would be feasible.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the DLP 3D printer by conducting 3-dimensional assesment of resin provisional restorations. Methods: The first premolar of the maxillary was prepared for the abutment. The abutment was scanned by using a scanner. The provisional restoration was designed by using CAD software. A total of 16 resin provisional restorations were produced using ZD200 and Veltz DLP 3D printer. Scanning was done of resin provisional restorations and 3-dimensional measurement was conducted for accuracy. The mean (SD) of RMS was reported for each group. Independent t-test was used to assess the statistical significance of the results. All analyses were done using SPSS 22.0. Results: The mean ± SD of RMS value for the accuracy of the resin provisional restorations that was fabricated by using ZD200 and Veltz DLP 3D printer were 50.85.±4.64㎛ and 70.33±6.31㎛. Independent t-test showed significant differences between groups(p<0.001). Conclusion: The resin provisional restorations made with DLP 3D printers showed clinically acceptable accuracy.