• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.342-346
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• 2002

불포화 층상 해안 대수층 내에서의 밀도 의존적 지하수 유동 및 염분 이동에 대한 연구를 위해 하나의 지하수 유동-용질 이동 연동 수치 모델이 제시되었다. 이 수치 모델은 밀도 의존적 지하수 유동 지배 방정식, 염분 이동 지배 방정식 및 농도와 밀도의 관계식, 그리고 유한 요소법에 기초하여 개발되었다. 서로 다른 두가지 성질의 불포화 대수층이 고려되었다. 하나는 사질토층 위에 점토층이 존재하는 층상 대수층이고, 다른 하나는 사질토층과 점토층이 혼합된 두가지 물질로 구성된 균질화된 대수층이다. 수치모델의 결과는 층상 불균질성 (layered heterogeneity)가 해안 대수층 내에서의 밀도의존적 지하수 유동과 염분 이동에 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 보여준다. 그러한 층상 불균질성의 효과는 사질토층과 점토층과의 현저한 수리학적 및 수리역학적 성질의 차이에 기인한다 따라서 실제 해안 대수층 내에서 관찰되는 점토층을 적절히 고려하는 것이 보다 합리적고 타당한 해안 대수층내에서의 밀도 의존적 지하수 유동 및 염분 이동 해석을 가능하게 할 것이다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.8-21
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• 2008

A series of three-dimensional numerical simulations using a hydrodynamic dispersion numerical model is performed to analyze quantitatively impacts of layered heterogeneity of geologic media and groundwater pumping schemes on groundwater flow and salt transport in coastal aquifer systems. A two-layer heterogeneous coastal aquifer system composed of a lower sand layer (aquifer) and an upper clay layer (aquitard) and a corresponding single-layer homogeneous coastal aquifer system composed of an equivalent lumped material are simulated to evaluate impacts of layered heterogeneity on seawater intrusion. In addition, a continuous groundwater pumping scheme and two different periodical groundwater pumping schemes, which withdraw the same amount of groundwater during the total simulation time, are applied to the above two coastal aquifer systems to evaluate impacts of groundwater pumping schemes on seawater intrusion. The results of the numerical simulations show that the periodical groundwater pumping schemes have more significant adverse influences on groundwater flow and salt transport not only in the lower sand layer but also in the upper clay layer, and groundwater salinization becomes more intensified spatially and temporally as the pumping intensity is higher under the periodical groundwater pumping schemes. These imply that the continuous groundwater pumping scheme may be more suitable to minimize groundwater salinization due to seawater intrusion. The results of the numerical simulations also show that groundwater salinization in the upper clay layer occurs significantly different from that in the lower sand layer under the periodical groundwater pumping schemes. Such differences in groundwater salinization between the two adjacent layers may result from layered heterogeneity of the layered coastal aquifer system.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2001

Column and box tests were performed to investigate the removal efficiency of NAPL using the surfactant enhanced flushing In heterogeneous medium. Homogeneous Ottawa sand and heterogeneous soil were used to verify the increase of remediation efficiency for the surfactant enhanced flushing in column test. Box tests with two different heterogeneous sub-structure were performed to quantify the capability of the surfactant enhanced flushing as a remediation method to remove NAPL from the heterogeneous medium. Two different grain size sand layers were repeated in the box to simulate the heterogeneous layer formation and the modified fault structure was built to simulate the fault system in the box. O-xylene as a LNAPL and PCE as a DNAPL were used and oleamide as a non-ionic surfactant. The maximum NAPL effluent concentration with 1% oleamide flushing in the homogeneous column test increased about 460 times compared to that with only water flushing and about 250 times increased in the real soil column test. In heterogeneous medium, the maximum effluent concentration increased about 150 times in 1% oleamide flushing and most of NAPL were removed from the box within 8 pore volume flushing, suggesting that the removal efficiency increased very much compared to in only water flushing. Results investigated the capability of the surfactant enhanced remediation method to remove NAPL even in heterogeneous medium.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.65-76
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• 2012

In this study, probabilistic analysis of seepage through a two-layered soil foundation was performed. The hydraulic conductivity of soil shows significant spatial variations in different layers because of stratification; further, it varies on a smaller scale within each individual layer. Therefore, the deterministic seepage analysis method was extended to develop a probabilistic approach that accounts for the uncertainties and spatial variation of the hydraulic conductivity in a layered soil profile. Two-dimensional random fields were generated on the basis of the Karhunen-Lo$\grave{e}$ve expansion in a manner consistent with a specified marginal distribution function and an autocorrelation function for each layer. A Monte Carlo simulation was then used to determine the statistical response based on the random fields. A series of analyses were performed to verify the application potential of the proposed method and to study the effects of uncertainty due to the spatial heterogeneity on the seepage behavior of two-layered soil foundation beneath water retaining structure. The results showed that the probabilistic framework can be used to efficiently consider the various flow patterns caused by the spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity in seepage assessment for a layered soil foundation.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.43-55
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• 2018

AGF (Artificial Ground Freezing) method is a temporary ground improvement method which can apply to all types of soil with the purpose of high stiffness and low hydraulic conductivity. However, the groundwater flow and the heterogeneity of the ground increase the uncertainty of the ice-column formation which hinders the reliability of this method. The effects of groundwater flow and layered heterogeneity on ice-wall integrity by AGF method were analyzed using finite element analysis program for a coupled thermo-hydro phenomena in the freezing ground. Groundwater flow changes circular ice-column into elliptical shapes and increases the time required for the formation of ice walls. The previous theoretical formula overestimated the completion time of the ice wall and the critical groundwater velocity by neglecting the thermal interaction between adjacent ice-columns. Numerical results presented the corrected formula and verified the proposed equation for the dimensionless ice-wall completion time. In the layered heterogeneous ground, the thickness of the layer with higher hydraulic conductivity and its relative magnitude were found to be important factors in the ice-wall completion time and critical velocity.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.206-222
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• 2019

Recently, various multiphase flows have been developed, and among them some models have been commercialized. However, most of them have been developed based on a pressure-based approach; therefore, various numerical difficulties were involved inherently. Accordingly, in order to overcome these numerical difficulties, a multiphase flow model, MultiPhaSe flow (MPS), following a fractional-flow based approach was developed. In this study, by combining a contaminant transport module describing an enhanced dissolution effect of a surfactant with MPS, a MultiPhaSe flow and TranSport (MPSTS) model was developed. The developed model was verified using the analytical solution of Clement. The MPSTS model can simulate the process of surfactant enhanced aquifer remediation including interphase mass transfer and contaminant transport in multiphase flow by using the coupled particle tracking method and Lagrangian-Eulerian method. In this study, a surfactant was used in a non aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminated area, and the effect of hydro-geological heterogeneity in the layered media on remediation efficiency was studied using the developed model. According to the numerical simulation, when hydraulic conductivity in a lower layer is 10 times, 20 times, and 50 times larger than that in an upper layer, the concentration of dissolved diesel in the lower layer is much higher than that in the upper layer because the surfactant moves faster along the lower layer owing to preferential flow; thus, the surfactant enhances dissolution of residual non aqueous phase liquid in the lower layer.