• Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.169-183
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to find an effect of Metaphon Intervention on the improvement of speech intelligibility of preschool children with articulation-phonological disorders. Subjects were 4 preschool children with articulation-phonological disorders. A multiple baseline design across subjects was used to examine the effect of the program. The program consisted of 2 steps. The first step was composed of concept level, sound level, phoneme level, and word level. The second step was on sentence level. Results were as follows: First, metaphon ability of all subjects was improved after the Metaphon Intervention. Second, speech intelligibility of all subjects was improved after Metaphon Intervention. From the results above, Metaphon Intervention can be effective to improve not only phonological awareness and metaphon but also overall speech intelligibility of preschool children with articulation-phonological disorders.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.148-153
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• 2005

Currently, there is no library only for children in Korea, but as people realized that reading education was important, public libraries have started making space for children. However, most of spaces in public library were designed regardless of physical development and behavior. Therefore it was even worse for children to use library. Planning must be concerned about indoor surroundings that satisfy children's psychological desire and characteristic. Consequently, this study is going to have a thorough grasp of the problems of children library, and present organized information which fits their reading environment and human technology.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.168-172
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• 2005

The prevalence rate of Enterobius vermicularis eggs was investigated among preschool children located in the area of Iksan, Jeonbuk, during the period from March to July, 2005. Of the 1,082 children examined 78(7.2%) were found to be positive for E. vermicularis egg by the adhesive cellotape anal swab method. The egg positive rate of male and female were 6.7% and 7.8%, respectively. The positive rates range from 5.1% to 8.7% among preschool children, and the highest egg positive rate was observed in the 7 year old age group. Through this survey, it was determined that the E. vermicularis infection is still prevalent among children in Jeonbuk, Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.255-268
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• 1995

We evaluated the nutritional and socioeconomical factors of 100 children aged $5{\sim}6$ years. Forty five children (45%) were selected from families with low socioeconomic status, while 55 children (55%) were from those with high socioeconomic status. Some differences of the nutritional factors (eating behavior, food preference, food frequency) were found between low and high socioeconomic groups. This survey suggest that eating behavior, food preference and food frequency may be useful in estimating nutritional factors. And the nutrition education for the children and their meal planners is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the subjects.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.107-128
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• 2019

When parental experience improves parenting skills, parents are likely to behave in favor of children of higher birth orders. To examine this hypothesis, this study analyzes birth month based on birth order of children in South Korea where parents prefer to have babies in the earlier months of a year. This study finds that while more babies are born in the earlier months, second-born children are more likely to be so than first children. This implies that parental experience makes for better parents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.489-492
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• 2009

정보기술의 발전과 인터넷 보급이 급격히 확산됨에 따라 일반 사용자뿐만 아니라 취학 연령 이하의 아동부터 장애인 및 고령자에 이르기까지 많은 사람들이 인터넷을 이용하여 각종 정보를 얻고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 현재 웹 환경에서 운영되고 있는 사이트들을 살펴보면 디자인 및 프로그램의 기능적인 요소에만 중점을 두고 비(非) 표준화로 구축되어 있어 신체적이거나 기술적으로 장애가 있는 사람들이 콘텐츠를 이용하는데 많은 불편함이 따른다. 본 연구에서는 장애인뿐만 아니라 모든 사용자들의 편의성 및 접근성을 고려하여 W3C 및 국내에서 제정한 웹 표준을 기반으로 기업의 대표적인 업무 프로그램인 전자결재시스템을 설계하고 구축한다. 본 시스템은 기업 내 외부에서 업무를 처리하는데 아무런 제약 없이 사용할 수 있도록 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.378-394
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• 2016

Purpose: Screening of preschool-age children for nutrition programs to improve dietary intake and behaviors requires cost-effective and easily administered validated assessment tools. The purpose of this study was to develop a parent/caregiver-administered instrument for measuring diet quality and behaviors of preschoolers as a nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P). Methods: Development of NQ-P was carried out in three steps: item generation, item reduction, and validation. The 24-h dietary record was selected as the gold standard reference tool. The 38 items of the NQ-P checklist were derived from a systematic literature review, expert in-depth interviews, statistical analysis of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, and national nutrition policies and recommendations. Self-administered questionnaires were delivered to parents who recorded 24-h dietary intakes of 100 responders aged 3~5 yr. Pearson's correlation was used to measure the level of agreement between questionnaires. Item reduction was performed, and 20 items were selected based on survey results, expert reviews, and priorities of national nutrition policy and recommendations. The 412 nationwide subjects sampled through daycare centers completed the 20-item checklist questionnaire. The construct validity of the NQ-P was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis, LISREL. Results: After analyses of exploratory factors, NQ-P items identified three dimensions of diet (balance, moderation, and environment). The three-factor structure accounted for 49.28% of the total variance. Standardized path coefficients were used as weights of the items. The NQ-P and three-factor scores of the subjects were calculated by the obtained weights of the questionnaire items. Conclusion: A food behavior checklist for preschoolers' NQ would be a useful and suitable instrument for evaluating nutrition adequacy and dietary quality of Korean preschoolers.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2006

Autistic children have difficulties in communication. They tend to have more difficulties in general expression than in understanding sentences. This thesis tested the effect of music activities on children who have difficulties in language expression. As a research method, a group of autistic middle school students was selected who were attending normal schools. Three male students were selected for the test of K-ABC and CARS. Music treatments on the selected students were applied fifteen times, twice a week, for thirty minutes every time. The total treatment process could be divided into two stages. The stage one included the first twelve treatments and the stage two included following three treatments. In the stage one, the selected autistic students learned twenty four musics under real-world-like social circumstances. In the stage two, the students repeatedly learned the twenty four musics. A week before beginning the music treatment, the students were tested by PRES and a test developed by the author of this thesis. And a week after all treatments were completed, the students were tested again with the same test method to check if the students' expressive language ability got improved. The results of the research were as the following: First, the music treatment helped improve the autistic student's ability of expressing themselves such as 'requesting', 'rejecting', 'applying social customs' and 'providing information'. Second, the author of this thesis first had a hypothesis that the tested students might show different levels of achievements according to their intellectual ability or expressive language ability in K-ABC test, PRES and CARS. But it was not true. The student's level of achievement by music activities was proved not to have a significant correlation with their intellectual or expressive language abilities in the tests. Third, it was found that, through pre- and post-test of PRES, the music treatments could improve the receptive language ability as well as the expressive language ability. It saw great effect that musical data that utilize in specially this research investigator according to children's ability, autistic children write lyrics setting in social circumstance that is revealed much routinely and composes. To front, expect that suitable a lot of musics are developed in function and ability of subject person for elevation of expressive language ability.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.311-317
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• 2011

The aim of this analysis was to investigate the relationship between the level of safety behavior and the level of oral health behavior among Korean children. Data used in this analysis were from the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A representative sample of 4,292 children aged from three to eleven years who completed both health interview and health behavior survey. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. All analyses were weighted and SAS 9.1 survey data analysis procedures were used to estimate standard errors accounting for the complex sampling design of the KNHANES. More than seventy percent of children did not keep general safety behaviors except seat on back seat in a car. About seventy five percent of children had experience of preventive oral care during last one year, but about fifty six percent of children brush their teeth twice a day. Socioeconomic status and health behaviors were significantly related in three to six old age group only (p<.05). Generally significant relationship was not found between general safety and oral health behaviors. Among Korean children, general safety and oral health behaviors might be not related each other. Education for general safety behaviors should be underlined for all children. Especially preschool-children with low socioeconomic status need to be educated for healthy behaviors.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.383-389
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of severe early childhood caries and feeding pratices in preschool children. The subjects of study were six hundred and seventy-two preschool children in Iksan city. Severe early childhood caries(S-ECC) was defined as the presence of one or more cavitated, missing due to caries, or filled smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth. The caregivers of children were given a questionnaire including age, gender, birthweight, and feeding practices. The prevalence of S-ECC was 34.5%. The prevalence was significantly higher when there were the habit of sleeping while feeding, the habit of feeding sour or sweet content in the bottle, and the habit of using the pacifier. Birth weight, breast-feeding, bottle-feeding, and the sippy cup habit showed no significant association with the prevalence of S-ECC. There were significant positive associations between breast-feeding and sleeping while feeding, between bottle-feeding and the pacifier, between sleeping while feeding and sour or sweet content in the bottle, between sleeping while feeding and the sippy cup, between sleeping while feeding and the pacifier, and between the sippy cup and the pacifier. There were significant negative associations between breast-feeding and the pacifier.