• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was undertaken to evaluate the gastroduodenal pathology and Helicobacter pylori infection in children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: One hundred and seven pediatric patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms were undergone endoscopy at the Gyeongsang National University Hospital from June 1990 to April 1991. Histopathologic examination was done by H & E staining of gastric antral biopsy specimen and gastritis was defined according to the Sydney System. Tissue H. pylori status was evaluated with the urease test using Christensen's urea broth and H & E or Warthin-Starry silver staining of gastric antral biopsy specimen. IgG Immunoblotting were also performed to detect specific anti-H. pylori antibody in these patients. Results: The reasons for endoscopy were recurrent abdominal pain, acute abdominal pain, sallow face, hunger pain, and frequent nausea. Variable degrees of gastric mucosal hyperemia were found in most of the patients. Gastric hemorrhagic spots, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, duodenal erosion, and hemorrhagic duodenitis were rare endoscopic findings. Histologic chronic gastritis was found in 88% of 107 patients. Histologic chronic duodenitis was observed in all 99 patients whose tissue were available. Gastric tissue H. pylori was positive in 57% of 107 patients by one of the ureasetest, H & E staining and Warthin-Starry silver staining. However, gastric tissue H. pylori detection rate was lower in the younger age groups. Anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies were detectable in 96% of 107 patients. Conclusion: Chronic gastroduodenitis and anti-H. pylori IgG antibody were ubiquitous in children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.176-182
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• 2006

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the spectrum of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in the children presenting with short-term abdominal pain. Methods: Thirty one children with short term abdominal pain for less than 1 month from January 1995 to May 2004 who were examined using gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy were reviewed retrospectively. Children presenting with acute abdominal pain unrelated to proper GI were excluded from this study. Results: Male patients were 16 and female were 15. Three patients were 1~5 years old, 15 were 6~10 years old, and 13 were 11~15 years old. The duration of the abdominal pain was less than 7 days in 23 patients, 10 days in 1, 20 days in 2, and 30 days in 4. The major accompanying symptoms were vomiting (15), diarrhea (4), melena (1), hematemesis (1), and fever (2). Using endoscopy, 6 patients were found to have hemorrhagic gastritis, 5 nodular gastritis, 4 duodenal ulcer, 3 gastric ulcer, 3 reflux esophagitis, 2 nodular duodenitis, 2 superficial gastritis, 2 erosive hemorrhagic duodenitis, 2 ulcerative colitis, 1 duodenogastric reflux, and 1 esophageal polyp. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection was positive in 10 patients. The age and sex ratio, duration of abdominal pain, site of abdominal pain, and duration of abdominal pain between H. pylori- positive and negative children were different. However, only the site of abdominal pain (epigastric) showed statistical significance. All symptoms improved with medication for the GI mucosal lesions noted by the endoscopic findings. Conclusion: The author suggests that GI endoscopy be one of the important first steps in examinations to find out diverse GI mucosal lesions in the patients with short-term abdominal pain. Additionally, the examinations for H. pylori infection are important for these patients, also.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.536-541
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• 2017

The object of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of Litsea japonica fruit flesh extract (LJF-HE) on gastritis of an stress-induced SD rat model. Rats were randomly divided into six groups: Normal (normal group), Control (stress-induced gastritis), Ranitidine (stress-induced gastritis and ranitidine 50 mg/kg), LJF-HE-L (stress-induced gastritis pretreated with L. japonica fruit flesh extract at 30 mg/kg), LJF-HE-M (stress-induced gastritis pretreated with L. japonica fruit flesh extract at 60 mg/kg), LJF-HE-H (stress-induced gastritis pretreated with L. japonica fruit flesh extract at 120 mg/kg). In groups treated with LJF-HE, gastric mucosal damage and pepsin activity were reduced. Additionally, there were decreases in the expression of cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK-2r) in the gastric lesions. The plasma levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ slightly but significantly decreased in LJF-HE treated groups compared to control. The plasma level of PGE2 was also significantly increased in LJF-HE treated groups. These results suggest that LJF-HE has the ability to reduce of the severity stress-induced gastritis.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

The origin of a submucosal tumor is difficult to determine by endoscopic biopsy. One type of submucosal tumor, which originates in Schwann cell, a schwannoma represents 0.2% of all gastric tumors. We experienced the case of a 57-year-old female patient with a gastric schwannoma presenting with melena and anemia. Computed tomography and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a protruded huge mass from 3 cm below the cardia to angle. Seven endoscopic biopsies indicated only necrotic debri and granulation tissue, chronic gastritis. Because we suspected an advanced gastric cancer, or lymphoma with bleeding, It was performed an operation for an exact diagnosis and a treatment for bleeding. A-post-operative histopathological, immunohistochemical examination led to the final diagnosis of a gastric schwannoma.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.572-575
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was performed to analyze the endoscopic findings in Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients, and to compare the differences in endoscopic findings according to age and gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods : We examined children with Henoch-Schonlein purpura aged 3 to 15 years between September 1996 and October 2002. The total number studied was 65, consisting of 41 boys and 24 girls. Endoscopy was performed and the results were analysed. Results : Among 65 cases, 12 cases of duodenitis, nine cases of gastritis and duodenitis, six cases of duodenal erosion, five cases of gastritis, five cases of duodenal ulcer, two cases of gastric ulcer and one case of colonic erosion were noted. Endoscopic abnormality was found in 38 of 53 who had gastrointestinal symptoms, and in two of 12 who didn't have gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusion : Most of the gastrointestinal symptoms in Henoch-Schonlein purpura patients were relieved without complication. But in some cases severe symptoms such as hematemesis, melena, and abdominal pain localized to epigastric area were developed when diagnosis was delayed. Prompt endoscopy will be helpful for diagnosis and therapy of Henoch-Schonlein purpura with gastrointestinal involvement.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate rotavirus infection by comparing the clinical characteristics in neonates and infants. Methods: We enrolled 104 neonates and 250 infants wiht gastroenteritis and a rotazyme test positive reaction at the Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital from February 2001 to January 2003. Results: The seasonal peaks of infection in infants occurred from February to June. However, in neonates, it occurred from October to December due to nursery outbreaks. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever and convulsions were significant symptoms in infants; however, metabolic acidosis with dehydration, jaundice, irritability, apnea, bloody stool, gastric residual, grunting, poor oral intake, lethargy as well as fever and diarrhea were more common in the neonates. Upper respiratory infection, pneumonia and bronchitis were present in the infants; however, necrotizing enterocolitis was more commonly observed in the in neonates. Among the patients with rotaviral infection, formula feeding was more popular than breast milk feeding in both the neonates and infants; however, this finding was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Rotavirus can be a significant pathogen in neonates as well as infants. Neonates suffering from fever, poor oral intake, lethargy and apnea should be investigated for rotaviral infection. A new vaccine, rotaviral specific immunoglobulin and treatment guidelines are needed for eradicating rotavirus infection. Further studies on isolation, infection pathway, immune response and treatment of rotavirus are needed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.54-62
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• 2001

Purpose: There have been few reports about common gastrointestinal diseases in children visiting emergency room. The aim of this study was to present basic data and their meanings about emergency room utilization in children with nonsurgical gastrointestinal disorders. Methods: The authors prospectively studied 1,228 consecutive children with gastrointestinal diseases, amongst 6,179 nonsurgical pediatric patients who visited the emergency room of Seoul Red Cross Hospital from Jan. 1st 1998 to Dec. 31st 1999. Results: 1) First visit was 60.7% of total visits and 30.7% were between 1 and 3 years of age while 80.4% were below 6 years of age. Male patients were predominant by a ratio of 1.3:1. 2) The peak month of visits was December (12.1%), and the peak time of visits was between 8:00 pm and midnight (35.9%). Average length of stay at emergency room of the total patients were 0.86 hour. 3) Five major diseases were acute gastroenteritis (44.3%), fecal impaction &/or constipation (21.3%), acute gastritis (16.4%), intussusception (4.6%), and infantile colic (4.3%) in order. 4) 19.6% of the total patients were hospitalized. Conclusion: There were differences in various distributions regarding each nonsurgical gastrointestinal disease entity in children visiting emergency room even though distributions of the total patients in our study were not so different from those in previous reports by others.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1998

Purpose: This study aimed at evaluating the therapeutic outcome, cost effectiveness and recurrence rate in children with H. pylori infection after the treatment using various medications. Methods: Seventy five children (mean age $11.4{\pm}2.5$ years) were given an endoscopy with biopsy and H. pylori status assessed by CLO test and histologic examination (Warthin Starry stain). Children were given one of following medications such as DA ($Denol^{(R)}$ and amoxycillin), OA (omeprazole and amoxycillin), DC ($Denol^{(R)}$ and clarithromycin) as primary treatment. And one of following medications such as DAM ($Denol^{(R)}$, amoxycillin and metronidazole), DC, OA, OC (omeprazole and clarithromycin) were used in children who failed the eradication of H. pylori. Results: The endoscopic diagnoses were: nodular gastritis (46 cases), gastric ulcer (9), duodenal ulcer (6), superficial gastritis (6), and normal (8). H. pylori eradication rate was 91% (63 of 69 children) on 4 weeks course of DA, 50% (1 of 2 cases who had treatment failure on DA) on DAM, and 75% (3 of 4 cases who treated on DC primarily) and 50% (1 of 2 cases who had treatment failure on DA) on DC, and 100% on OA (all of 2) and on OC (all of 1 who failed on DA). In 3 of 7 children in whom H. pylori had not been eradicated by primary medications (DA 6 and DC 1 case), H. pylori was re-eradicated by secondary medications (DA 1, DAM 1 and DC 1 case). But in remaining 4 cases, H. pylori infection persisted. Reinfection of H. pylori was found in 4 of 75 children between 3 months and 3 years after completion of the treatment of DA, yielding recurrence rate of 5.3%. In 2 of 4 cases who had relapsed, H. pylori was re-eradicated by secondary medications (OC 1 and DA 1 case). But in remaining 2 cases, H. pylori infection persisted. Conclusion: These results suggest that dual therapy with $Denol^{(R)}$ and amoxycillin is the effective medications in treating H. pylori infection in children. Concerning the cost effectiveness, it can be recommended as first line treatment of choice as well.