• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2012

This study was conducted to develop an algorithm for determination of abnormal body temperature in piglets through skin and core temperature database at normal condition. 5 piglets (mean BW : 46 kg) were employed for the experiment. They were adapted in the individual metabolism cage set at $22.5{\pm}2.0^{\circ}C$ of room temperature for 2 weeks before the measurement of body temperature. Ear, neck, head and subcutaneous neck temperature (as core temperature) of piglets were measured for every 1 minute during 30 consecutive days through 1mm k-type thermocouple wire and NI-devices (National Instruments Corporation, Austin, Texas, USA). Body temperature data were accumulated and integrated into the 1 day unit. Change of daily mean skin and core body temperatures in piglets were lowest at around 06:00, highest at around 14:00 and gradually decreased until the day after 06:00. Each skin temperatures were varied with the measuring site and largely depended on the room temperature changes. Established database of skin and core body temperature in piglets through this study can be applied to develop an algorithm for monitoring and determining the abnormal condition of animal by using radio frequency identification.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-74
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• 2012

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different stocking rate on growth, cast production and conversion efficiency of organic matter to tissues of earthworm. The carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N) of tested Korean cow manure was 25.1, it was estimated an adequate ratio as feed for earthworms. The different stocking rates were 1:8(S-1), 1:16(S-2), 1:32(S-3) 1:64(S-4) 1:128(S-5) and 1:256 (S-6) as the ratios of earthworm fresh weight to biomass of Korean cow manure, respectively. A stocking rate of 1:32(S-3) was obtained a significantly highest values of increasing rate and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues. The mean values of increasin g rate of fresh weight and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues were 10.63 mg/day and 6.65% at the ratio of 1:32(S-3) with a rearing volume was $56.6cm^3$. A stocking rate of 1:8(S-1) was obtained a highest ratio of vermicasts, but showed a negative values of increasing rate and conversion efficiency of organic matter to earthworm tissues, it may due to severely food competition between individuals during the rearing periods. The pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations of vermicasts tended to increase with stocking rate. Especially, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations of vermicasts tended to increase with rearing progressed. Vermicasts have the potential for improving plant growth when amended to container medium and soil according to increased availability of nutrients and improved physicochemical properties.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.215-226
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• 2010

The pig slurry leachate was dark brown-colored solution that leaches out of woodchip trickling filter. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of pig slurry leachate and byproduct on growth characteristics of leaf lettuce in hydroponics culture. The effects of addition of fish meal, bone meal and crab shell for the growth of leaf lettuce were investigated. Leaf lettuce were grown in each of six combination treatment solutions; slurry leachate, slurry leachate + fish meal, slurry leachate+bone meal, slurry leachate + crab shell and chemical hydroponic solution for lettuce based on EC content. The chemical nutrient solution was the solution of National Horticulture Research Station for the growth of lettuce. The all of nutrient solution was adjusted 1.5 mS/cm in EC in hydroponics culture. 1. The pH level of leachate of trickling filter was increased and EC decreased gradually during treatment. Pig slurry leachate was low in suspended solids (SS), phosphorus (P), but rich in potassium (K). 2. The plot of slurry leachate (SL) was lowest in the growth characteristics of lettuce. The leaf length and width of lettuce treated with mixture plot of slurry leachate and fish meal (SL + FM) was higher compared with plot in slurry leachate. The chlorophyll reading was reduced in plot treated with slurry leachate, but that in plot of SL+FM was similar compared with control plot. 3. The fresh weight of lettuce showed lowest in the plot treated with slurry leachate. The addition of fish meal increased the yield of comparing plot of slurry leachate, but plots of bone meal and crab shell addition were not significantly difference. The fresh weight of leaf lettuce in plot of SL+FM was 87% as 400.0g compared with control. In conclusion, the mixture solution of pig slurry leachate and fish meal could be used as a nutrition solution of organic lettuce hydroponics.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the feasibility of Multi Process of Aerobic Digestion (MPAD) for recycling of swine manure slurry as fertilizer. MPAD consisted of three kinds of difference process which are thermophilic aerobic oxidation (TAO) system, lime solidification system, and reverse osmosis (R/O) membrane system. TAO system was studied well previously for decade. The chemical composition of the lime-treated solid fertilizer was as like that organic matter 17.4%, moisture 34.1%, N 0.9%, P 1.7%, K 0.3%, Ca 12.7%, and which was expected to be useful as acid soil amendment material. The concentrated liquid material produced by R/O membrane system was also expected as a good fertilizer for crops production and soil fertility improvement.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compost leachate and concentrated pig slurry on growth of pepper in substrate hyrdoponic culture. In process of composting, compost leachate was was through a saturated compost heap. Pig slurry was filtered by ultra filtration and concentrated by reverse osmosis process. The pig slurry was mixed with chemical nutrient solution and byproduct based on nitrogen content. Peppers were grown in the seven different hydroponic solutions; compost leachate (CL), concentrated pig slurry (CS), compost leachate + byproduct (CL+BP), concentrated pig slurry + byproduct (CS+BP), compost leachate 50% + nutrient solution 50% (CL+NS), concentrated pig slurry 50% + nutrient solution 50% (CS+NS) and chemical nutrient solution for pepper. The chemical nutrient solution was the standard solution of National Horticulture Research Station for the growth of pepper. The concentration of nutrient solution was adjusted $1.6{\sim}2.0mS/cm$ in EC. The compost leachate and concentrated pig slurry were low in phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), but rich in potassium (K). Growth characteristics as affected by the different nutrient solution were significantly different. Growth and fruit characteristics treated with CL 50+NS 50%CS and 50+NS 50% were similar with NS 100% control plot. The dry weight of stem and leaf were 107.4, 104.2g in plot of NS 100% and CS 50%+NS 50%, respectively. The fruit of pepper showed lowest in the plot treated with 100% concentrated pig slurry, and the growth of pepper severely decreased after application of 100% CS treatment. The yield of pepper was not significantly different between the plots treated with mixture of CS50 + NS50% and 100% nutrient solution treatment. Fruit yield of the compost leachate concentrated pig slurry plot were 59, 14% compared to control, repectively. In conclusion, the mixture solution of 50% of pig slurry and 50% of nutrient solution could be used as a nutrition solution of pepper in hydroponic culture.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

This study was performed to evaluate the removal effects of nutritive salts and organic pollutants in experimental aeration reactor for treatment of piggery slurry. In this study, three types of reactors were manufactured and operated. The fibrous media was equipped in one of three reactors. Another reactor was equipped with the siliceous media and the other reactor used as a control was equipped with typical aeration system only. Treatment efficacy of three types of reactors were evaluated according to the pollutants removal rate of the piggery slurry. The results obtained in this study are as follows : 1) In the reactor containing fibrous media, the removal efficiency of BOD, T-N and T-P was 11%, 13.9% and 21.2%, respectively. 2) In the reactor containing siliceous media, the removal efficiency of BOD, T-N and T-P was 6.9%, 25.3% and 47.8%, respectively. 3) In the reactor not containing media, the removal efficiency of BOD. T-N and T-P was 6.1%, 8.1.% and 23.6%, respectively. 4) Sludge accumulation in the reactor equipped with filamentous media was lower than that of other experimental reactors.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the reproductive and weaned performances in sow farms, which located in Boryeong city, Chungnam. Data surveyed a total of 10,394 litters of sow recorded from April, 2007 to March, 2008 were collected and analyzed. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The average of number of sow and farrowing rate were 314.10 sows and 78.77%, respectively. And then, there was not significant difference among seasons in number of sows, but significant difference among season was found in farrowing rate (p<0.05). 2. The average of litter size at farrowing and at initial sucking were 11.04 and 10.22 pigs, respectively. The significant differences were not all found in litter size among seasons. 3. The number of pigs, age and growth rate at weaning were 9.23 pigs, 25.77 days and 91.48%, respectively. The significant differences among seasons were not found in number of pigs and age at weaning. However, there was significant difference in growth rate at weaning (P<0.05). 4. The average of farrowing rate of sows per year, pigs from sow per year (PSY), and body weight at marketing were 2.25 times, 20.75 pigs, and 110.46 kg, respectively. The significant differences among seasons were not found in farrowing rate per year and weight at marketing, but that was found only in PSY (p<0.05), respectively.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-180
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• 2010

Many greenhouse gases occur naturally, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Others such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride ($SF_6$) result exclusively from human industrial processes. Current global warming has been linked to anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentration increases. Methods to quantify greenhouse gas emissions during animal agriculture and the possibility to apply those to circumstance in the world were studied. Various chamber methods with trace gas analyzer (TGA) were used to quantify greenhouse gas emissions from stored manure. Methane fluxes from pails storing liquid swine manure were measured. Methane emissions increased a little with time and mean was 393.2 ${\mu}g\;m^{-2}\;s{-1}$ (standard error : 4 ${\mu}g\;m^{-2}\;s{-1}$).

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2009

This study was conducted to find ways to control environment with the difference between body temperature and background temperature based on swine activity, and to apply to the environment control system of swine barns based on the findings. Following are the results. 1. Swine activity related to background temperature was achieved as color images and swine activity status was categorized into cold, comfortable, and hot periods with visualization system (thermal image system). 2. Thermal image system consisted of an infrared CCD camera, an image processing board - DIF (TH3100), an main computer (400Hz, 128M, 586 Pentium model) with C++ program installed. 3. Thermal image system categorizing temperatures into cold, comfortable, and hot was applicable to the environment control system of swine barns 4. Feed intake was higher in cold temperature, and finishing weight and weight gain per day in cold temperature were lower than others (p<0.05).

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2009

Civil appeals on odor from swine barn have been increasing. This study was conducted to compile basic data of odor from swine barns as civil appeals on odor have been increasing. Odor was monitored from two gestating sow barns and the boundary of those barns in Suwon and Hwaseong city from June to November, 2008. Mean ammonia concentration measured at the boundary of A piggery in Suwon city was 0.9 ppm with occasional breaks of permissible limit (1.0 ppm). Mean concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were 0.37 ppb and 0.01 ppb, which were lower than permissible limits of 20 ppb and 2 ppb, respectively. Mean ammonia concentration was 3.22 ppm and was maintained under 5.0 ppb. Ammonia concentration had increased since November when the barns were closed. Hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were lower than the permissible limits. Mean ammonia concentration measured at the boundary of B piggery in Hwaseong city was 16.3 ppm and steep increase of concentration was monitored after October when the barn was sealed up. Hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were 26.66 ppb and 7.45 ppb, respectively. In appropriate ventilation and raising environment would cause high ammonia concentration in swine barns. Emitted ammonia from barns and composting facilities were mixed, which would cause higher ammonia concentration on the boundary of barns. Hence improvement of raising environment, rapid manure treatment, and correct use of microbial preparation would be needed.