• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.159-173
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• 2016

In real educational field, there are cases that concrete problematic situations are introduced after abstract concepts are taught on the contrary to process that abstract from concrete contexts. In other words, there are cases that abstract knowledge has to be concreted. Freudenthal expresses this situation to antidogmatical inversion and indicates negative opinion. However, it is open to doubt that every class situation can proceed to abstract that begins from concrete situations or concrete materials. This study has done a comparative analysis in difference of mathematical thinking between a process that builds abstract context after being abstracted from concrete materials and that concretes abstract concepts to concrete situations and attempts to examine educational implication. For this, this study analyzed the mathematical thinking in the abstract process of concrete materials by manipulating AiC analysis tools. Based on the AiC analysis tools, this study analyzed mathematical thinking in the concrete process of abstract concept by using the way this researcher came up with. This study results that these two processes have opposite learning flow each other and significant mathematical thinking can be induced from concrete process of abstract knowledge as well as abstraction of concrete materials.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.559-566
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• 2014

This is to understand the neurological dynamic cognitive processes of math learning based on the abstract mappings( level A2), abstract systems(level A3), and single principles(level A4), which are principles of Fischer's cognitive development theory. Math learning requires flexibility to adapt existing brain function in selecting new neurophysiological activities to learn desired knowledge. This study suggests a general statistical framework for the identification of neurological patterns in different abstract learning change with optimal support. We expected that functional brain networks derived from a simple math learning would change dynamically during the supportive learning associated with different abstract levels. Task based patterns of the brain structure and function on representations of underlying connectivity suggests the possible prediction for the success of the supportive learning.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.441-455
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• 2016

The position as saying that the math learning needs to begin from what diversely presents concrete object or familiar situation is well known as a name dubbed CSA(Concrete-Semiconcrete-Abstract). Compared to this, a recent research by Kaminski, et al. asserts that learning an abstract concept first may be more effective in the aspect of knowledge transfer than learning a mathematical concept with concrete object of having various contexts. The purpose of this study was to analyze a class, which differently applied a guidance sequence of concrete object, semi-concrete object, and abstract concept in consideration of this conflicting perspective, and to confirm its educational implication. As a result of research, a class with the application of a concept starting from the concrete object showed what made it have positive attitude toward mathematics, but wasn't continued its effect, and didn't indicate significant difference even in achievement. Even a case of showing error was observed rather owing to the excessive concreteness that the concrete object has. This error wasn't found in a class that adopted a concept as semi-concrete object. This suggests that the semi-concrete object, which was thought a non-essential element, can be efficiently used in learning an abstract concept.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.341-371
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• 2003

The purpose of the study is to design the ontology-based Prescription Knowledge Management System of Oriental Medicine. The study was done with the premise that the effectiveness of the system can be improved by using ontological abstractional structure based on definition of concept, attribution and relations of words related to the specific area. The system is developed with Protege-2000 by using newly developed KPML(Korean Medicine Prescription Markup Language). The results of the study provide the model of Prescription Knowledge Management System and the possibility of implementing XML-based ontology system to the semantic web environment.

• 건강소식
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.12-13
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• 2013

정신적인 문제를 겪는 많은 이들은 '행복하고 싶다'고 말한다. 그렇다면 행복이란 무엇일까? 전문가들은 추상적인 행복의 개념을 구체적이고 현실적으로 변화시킨다면, 현대사회의 각종 정신적 문제들로부터 몸과 마음을 건강하게 지키는 데 도움이 될 것이라고 말한다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.143-152
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• 1999

Although in art an idea which visualizes a certain concept is generally such an essential part as it would be decisive to the success or failure of an art work in reality various difficulties are involved in idea making. Thus, directions for the idea making for visualization works are suggested in this paper. This paper classifies several cases of expression skills among non-abstracts showing the contents which visualize abstract concepts in western art after Renaissance when freedom of individual artistic expression and personal characteristics initiated. Also, this paper selects and introduces art works in which expression skills can be obviously explained. The expression skills are divided into symbolizing, allegory, specific pattern, non-abstract skills of surrealism, metaphysical distortion of logic and situation fixing, and specific examples on how the abstract concepts are formed and delivered are described. This is a case study done for the purpose of supplying help for the idea making in the applied art field which is lack of this kind of study.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.123-128
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• 2006

수학 학습은 구체적인 사물의 조작을 통해 추상적인 개념을 습득하는 과정이다. 이 과정에서 여러 가지 학습 도구들이 사용되어지는데, 그 중에서 컴퓨터를 활용한 Logo프로그램을 도입하여, 도형 문제해결과정에서의 부정확한 도형 개념과 정의로 인한 오류를 줄여 정확한 개념과 정의를 형성하는 지도 방안을 마련하고, 실제 수업을 통하여 일반적 수학 도형 수업보다 Logo를 활용한 수학 도형 수업이 도형 문제해결과정에서 학습자가 오류를 줄이는데 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.399-400
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• 2019

장소 개념의 관점에서 슬로시티의 구축 특성을 도출하는 것은 대안적 농촌개발전략으로서의 가능성을 평가할 수 있는 것과 동시에 국내 농촌지역 개발정책의 개선방향에 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 슬로시티의 추상적인 개념에 대하여 장소 개념의 관점에서 구체적인 이해를 가능하게 할 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.875-878
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• 2000

내용 기반 영상 검색은 일반적으로 질의 영상을 사용해서 검색한다. 대부분의 사용자는 검색 당시에 자신이 생각하는 질의와 일치하는 영상을 실제로 갖고 있지 않다. 사용자는 검색기가 제공하는 샘플이나 자신이 갖고 있는 영상 중에서 검색하고자 하는 개념과 비슷한 영상을 질의 영상으로 사용한다. 그러나, 이 질의 영상은 사용자가 생각하는 개념을 충분히 반영하지 못하는 경우가 대부분이다. 따라서 사용자는 자신이 원하는 결과를 얻기 위해서 검색을 여러 번 하게 된다. 이는 최초 검색에서 적절한 질의 영상을 사용하지 못하고 있기 때문이다. 검색 시스템의 검색엔진도 중요하지만, 적절한 질의의 사용 여부에 의해 검색 결과가 크게 좌우된다. 적절한 질의 사용의 중요성은 기존의 텍스트 기반 검색에서 이미 알려진 사실이다. 영상 검색에서도 효과 적인 검색을 위해서는 사용자가 생각하는 질의 영상을 구체화하여 질의로 사용하는 기술이 필요하다. 이러한 관점에서, 사용자가 검색하고자 하는 추상적인 개념을 구체화하여 질의 영상으로 사용한다면 검색 성능을 높일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 사용자가 생각하고 있는 추상적인 질의를 구체화하기 위해 스케치 인터페이스를 개발하였다. 스케치 인터페이스를 통해서 사용자가 생각한 질의를 구체화하여 이를 검색에 활용함으로서 전체 검색 회수를 줄임으로서 보다 빠른 시간에 효과적으로 검색을 수행할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.123-143
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• 2011

At what point in the process of speech production are gestures involved? According to the Lexical Retrieval Hypothesis, gestures are involved in the lexicalization in the formulating stage. According to the Information Packaging Hypothesis, gestures are involved in the conceptual planning of massages in the conceptualizing stage. We investigated these hypotheses, using the game situation in a TV program that induced the players to involve in both lexicalization and conceptualization simultaneously. The transcription of the verbal utterances was augmented with all arm and hand gestures produced by the players. Coverbal gestures were classified into two types of gestures: lexical gestures and motor gestures. As a result, concrete words elicited lexical gestures significantly more frequently than abstract words, and abstract words elicited motor gestures significantly more frequently than concrete words. The difficulty of conceptualization in concrete words was significantly correlated with the amount of lexical gestures. However, the amount of words and the word frequency were not correlated with the amount of both gestures. This result supports the Information Packaging Hypothesis. Most of all, the importance of motor gestures was inferred from the result that abstract words elicited motor gestures more frequently rather than concrete words. Motor gestures, which have been considered as unrelated to verbal production, were excluded from analysis in many gestural studies. This study revealed motor gestures seemed to be connected to the abstract conceptualization.