• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.165-176
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• 2003

In this study, the exergy analysis is conducted on the well known performance of already developed system and then compared with the efficiency of each equipment to propose optimum operation of the system. The system used in this study is 500 MW coal firing power plant. The efficiency of the boiler is 67% and the condenser is 99% by exergy analysis. The exergy consumption of the boiler was 32.95% at 100% load. The exergy consumption of the high pressure turbine and the low pressure turbine is 8.31% and 8.12%, respectively. Together with the concrete study on the object of performance revision of the low efficient development system proved in this study, if detailed exergy analysis on the operation condition of the equipments of the development system presently being operated is continued, then it is expected to help minimize the exergy consumption of relatively low efficient parts that are worn-out or miss-installed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.8-14
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• 2003

The daylight responsive dimming system, which uses daylight and automatically controls the light output of electric lighting according to the amount of 3.vailable daylight, is an energy saving system Successful performance relies on how photosensor signal can precisely represent workplace illuminance. However, it is not accurately identified due to the dynamic nature of the sun and the sky changed with respect to different seasons or time. The purpose of this research is to identify the correlation between workplace illuminance and photosensor signals, and propose an optimal location and spatial characteristics of the photosensor through experiments, which minimizes the above impacts and improve system performance.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.287-294
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• 2005

Flow rate measurement uncertainties of the ultrasonic flow meter are generally influenced by many different factors, such as Reynolds number, flow distortion, turbulence intensity, wall surface roughness, velocity integration method along the acoustic paths, and transducer installation method, etc. Of these influencing factors, one of the most important uncertainties comes from the velocity integration method. In the present study, a optimization weighting factor method for 5-chord, which is given by a function of the chord locations of acoustic paths, is employed to obtain the mean velocity in the flow through a pipe. The power law profile is assumed to model the axi-symmetric pipe flow and its results are compared with the present weighting factor concept. For an asymmetric pipe flow, the Salami flow model is applied to obtain the velocity profiles. These theoretical methods are also compared with the previous Gaussian, Chebyshev, and Tailor methods. The results obtained show that for the fully developed turbulent pipe flows with surface roughness effects, the present weighting factor method is much less sensitive than Chebyshev and Tailor methods, leading to a better reliability in flow rate measurement using the ultrasonic flow meters.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.22-31
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• 2009

In the buildings of educational facilities ordered by BTL projects, the competent authorities, private business, and users of school get to have a deep conflict, due to extra expenses resulted from shortening of construction period and establishment of temporary school building, and inconveniences users of school have to undergo during semester. This study aims at solving immediate problems in the aspect of construction method, proposing several alternative plans, including RC construction method generally applied to construction of the existing school, and modular construction method that is emerged as an alternative method for educational facilities lately, along with the method of construction appropriate for BTL projects of educational facilities, calculating cost of construction required for each alternative plan, analyzing and evaluating period of construction.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2007

Coefficient of spherical aberration of the objective lens in the KBSI-HVEM was evaluated by diffractogram method. Instrumental resolution was also discussed with this method. In order to improve the accuracy, digital processing and graphical curve fitting for intensity profile of diffractogram were employed. Experimental concerns where the optimal procedure of the measurement con be accomplished for this study were discussed. The spherical aberration coefficient $(C_s)$ was estimated to be $2.628{\pm}0.04\;mm$ from this study, which was almost coincident with the value of the manufacture's suggestion $(C_s=2.65\;mm)$.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.11c
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• pp.472-475
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• 2003

현재 광 정렬 시스템에 채용하고 있는 다채널 광 파워미터는 측정 채널의 수가 증가하는 상황이다. 그러나 기존 시스템 제어를 통한 각 채널의 정밀한 정렬은 다 채널 광 파워미터 기술에 적합하지 않은 방식이다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 기존 방식을 채택한 광 정렬 방식을 개선하기 위해 하다마스 변환 복원 알고리즘을 이용한 광 능동 정렬 검출 방법을 제안한다. 다채널 광학 정렬 시스템에서 가장 중요한 문제는 채널의 증가에 따라 채널별 정렬의 정밀도가 떨어진다. 기존 정렬 시스템에서 채용하고 있는 다채널 광 파워미터의 기술 수준은 약 4채널까지 동시 측정이 가능하였다. 이 방법은 채널 양쪽에 검출기를 설치하여 광량의 최대 지점을 최적 정렬 위치로 결정한다. 그러나 시스템 채널이 증가할 수록 안쪽에 위치한 광소자를 정렬을 무시하기 때문에 정확한 정렬에 적합하지 않다. 그리고 고속, 대용량의 데이터 처리요구에 맞추기 위한 64채널 광소자 생산을 위해서는 16개의 4채널 광 파워미터를 사용하는 방법이 있으나 이는 신뢰할 만한 수준의 측정치를 제공하지 못한다. 따라서 새로운 개념을 적용한 다채널 동시측정을 위한 광소자 측정 기술 및 광 파워미터의 개발이 절실히 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 하다마드 변환 복원 알고리즘을 이용한 광 능동 정렬 검출 시스템은 이러한 요구를 충족시킬 수 있다. 그러므로 본 논문은 하다마드 변환 복원 알고리즘을 이용한 광 능동 정렬 검출 시스템이 기존의 시스템보다 우수한 알고리즘과 성능을 가지고 있음을 실험을 통해 입증한다.

• Solar Energy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the enhancement of heat transfer without additional external power in the case of rectangular impingement air jet vertically on the flat heating surface. The technique used in the present study was placement of square rod bundles as a turbulence promoter in front of the heat transfer surface. The results obtained through this study were summerized as follws. High heat transfer enhancement was achieved by inserting rods in front of the heating flat plate. According to visulaization, it was examined because of flow acceleration and separation and disturbance of boundary layer. The smaller clerance between rod and heating plate was, the larger heat transfer effect became at each H/B. Arverage Nusselt number reached maximum at H/B=10 and the local augmentation rate of heat transfer became maximum at H/B=2. The maximum average heat transfer enhancement rate increase about 43% for the case of X/B=2 and C=1mm, compared to a flat plate without rods. The correlating equation of average Nusselt number and Reynolds number was obatined. As follws : ${\overline{Nu}}_0=1.249Re^{0.465}(C/A)^{-0.033}(H/B)^{0.013}$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.985-992
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• 2011

The 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was performed in relation to the internal fluid characteristics and flow distribution for the development of the most optimal model in the complex post-disposal device. As it is expected that a channeling (drift) would be made by the semi-dry reactor due to the large difference in the flow distribution by the compartment in the bag filter, a structural improvement should be urgently made for more uniformed flow distribution in the bag filter. Three types of modifications such as i) changing the plenum shape, ii) orifice install in the exit part of cleaned gas, iii) increasing the plenum number were established. From the results of computational fluid dynamics, it was revealed that the changing of plenum shape and orifice install in the exit part of cleaned gas was more reasonable than the increasing the plenum number because of the difficulties of retrofit. The complex post-disposal device, modified and supplemented with this analysis, integrated the semi-dry reactor and the bag filter in a single body, so it follows that the improvement can make the device compact, save the installation area, save the operation fee, and management more convenient.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.51-58
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• 2010

Wireless Mesh Network has drawn much attention due to wide area service coverage with low system cost. However, there is a bottleneck problem in wireless mesh network since the traffic is aggregated into a gateway. Placement of multi-radio can easy the bottleneck problem, but without careful design it results in unnecessary system cost increasement. In this paper, we propose a system cost minimization through differential antenna placement where optimum antenna placement is determined by the required wireless link capacity. With CPLEX program, optimum number of antennae is determined as a function of local user traffic and gateway capacity. From numerical analysis, it is confirmed that our proposed model can solve bottleneck problem, and at the same time save the system cost.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.58.2-58.2
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• 2010

FPD (Flat Panel Display) 제조 공정에서 사용되는 패턴은 수 ${\mu}m$ 수준까지 감소하였으며, FPD의 크기는 급격하게 대형화 되여 현재 8세대(2200mm*2500mm)에 이르고 있다. 이에 따라, $1\;{\mu}m$ 이상의 크기를 갖는 오염입자에 의한 수율 저하를 극복하기 위한 세정효율의 향상 및 다량의 초순수 사용에 따른 폐수 발생으로 인한 환경오염, 또한 장비의 크기에 따른 공간 효용성 감소와 이에 따른 공정 비용의 증가 등의 어려움에 직면하고 있다. 따라서, 현장에서는 고효율, 저비용의 세정 공정 기술 개발에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결 하고자 이류체 노즐 세정 장치와, 화학액 린스를 위한 초순수 Spray, 건조 공정에 해당하는 Air-knife, Halogen lamp로 구성된 소형화 된 고속 FPD(Flat Panel Display) 세정기에 대한 연구를 진행 하였다. 이류체 노즐은 초순수와 $N_2$ 가스를 내부에서 혼합하여 액적(Droplet)을 형성하여 고압으로 분사시키는 장치로서 화학액을 사용하지 않고 물리적인 방법으로 오염입자를 제거한다. Spray는 유기 오염입자 제거를 위한 오존수의 린스 공정을 위해 설치 하였다. 세정 후 표면에 남아있는 기판의 액막(water film)은 고압의 가스를 분사하는 Air-knife를 통해 제거하였으며, 고속 공정시 발생할 수 있는 Air-knife에서 제거하지 못한 잔류 액막을 Halogen lamp를 사용하여 효과적으로 제거함으로써, 물반점(water mark) 없는 건조 공정을 얻을 수 있었다. 실험에는 미세 입자의 정량적인 측정을 위하여 유리 기판 대신에 6인치 실리콘 웨이퍼(P-type (100))를 사용하였으며, > $\;1{\mu}m$ 실리카 입자를 스핀방식을 사용하여 정량적으로 균일하게 오염하였으며, 오염물의 개수 및 분포는 파티클 스캐너 (Surfscan 6200, KLA-Tancor, USA)를 사용하여 분포 및 개수를 정량적으로 측정 하였다. 이류체 노즐은 $N_2$ 가스의 압력과 초순수의 압력을 변화시켜 측정하여, 각각 0.20 MPa, 0.01 MPa에서 최적의 세정 결과를 얻을 수 있었으며, 건조 효율은 Air-Knife의 입사 각도와 건조면 간격, 할로겐 램프의 온도를 조절 하여 최적의 조건을 얻을 수 있었다.