• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.181-193
• /
• 2024

Summative assessment provides information on how well students have achieved learning objectives, making the development of high-quality assessment items essential for accurate evaluation. This is one of the competencies that teachers must possess. This study aims to analyze summative assessment items created by pre-service elementary teachers, examining their intentions and the difficulties encountered in the item development process. The study involved 45 second-year students enrolled in an elementary teacher training university. They were grouped into teams of three and tasked with developing ten items, documenting the purpose of each item, the answer key, and the challenges faced during item creation. The collected summative assessment items were analyzed using a two-dimensional purpose classification table that includes Klopfer's taxonomy of educational objectives. The intentions behind the summative assessments and the difficulties faced during item development were inductively organized and analyzed through qualitative data analysis. The results revealed that pre-service elementary teachers adequately reflected scientific content elements but did not evenly cover assessment domains. The most challenging aspect for them was adjusting the difficulty level. Although they considered most factors that should be taken into account during item development, these considerations were not reflected in the actual items. These findings suggest that knowledge and experience are crucial in developing summative assessment items, and systematic lectures are necessary for pre-service elementary teachers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.742-746
• /
• 2006

Evaluation of learning ability of students is classified a step of diagnostic, formative and summative evaluation. This step-by-step evaluation is the standard of synthesis judgement, from a student's prior learning of preparation state to devotion of learning process and even learning result. In this paper, we propose the method of synthesis learning evaluation which is considered evaluation of each step in using fuzzy inference. In order to get objective evaluation of learning ability, we applied to the weights by evaluation steps. And we reflected defuzzification values of final evaluation membership function interval obtained by fuzzy inference about diagnostic, formative and summative evaluation. As a result, it processes definite inference ensures objectivity and shows validity of the synthesis evaluation method.

• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.164-174
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find out taxonomic characteristics of objectives infered from questions of summative evaluation by analyzing those objectives with Bloom's revised taxonomy of educational objectives. 1,711 questions of midterm and final examinations collected from 25 middle schools were analyzed to classify objective of each question. The major findings of the study were as follows: first, from the analysis of objectives in the knowledge dimension, the assessment of factual knowledge was most prevailing(67.6%) in the biology summative evaluation. In the cognitive process dimension, memory assessment was most dominant(76.1%). Thus, the main objectives of evaluation leaned toward particular classes in the Bloom's revised taxonomy, which was different from the findings of earlier studies on the weights of evaluation areas. Second, the level of the objectives should be determined in consideration of the grade of middle schoolers, as their cognitive level improves with grade. In fact, however, there was no difference among three grades in characteristics of objective taxonomy.

• Maritime Security
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.61-96
• /
• 2023

Amidst the ongoing instability and military tensions between North and South Korea, it is essential for us to comprehend and assess North Korea's military capabilities, while preparing for potential contingencies through military reinforcement. However, to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the military balance on the Korean Peninsula, it is imperative to move beyond simplistic quantitative comparisons of combat capabilities and embrace a broader perspective, which includes qualitative comparisons of military strength, operational capabilities, and a nation's ability to wage war. To address this need, this study employs the method of "Net Assessment" to evaluate the relative combat power of South and North Korean conventional naval forces, with a particular focus on surface combatants. This evaluation involves both quantitative and qualitative comparisons of military assets (personnel and equipment) and intangible factors (naval strategies, geography, etc.). By conducting a holistic assessment, the research aims to identify and analyze strategic asymmetries that may exist between the two navies.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.460-464
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 하천환경의 현재 상태를 진단할 수 있는 하천환경평가기법을 제시하고, 수원천을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 윤세의(2007)가 제시한 도시하천평가기법의 53개 평가항목 중 설문조사의 결과를 이용하여 중요도가 높은 하천환경 관련 항목을 선별하고, 이를 하천환경평가기법의 평가항목으로 사용하였다. 평가항목은 총 27개이고, 평가결과는 총괄지수, 특성지수, 부문지수, 항목지수와 평가등급으로 나타내었다. 수원천의 조사구간은 광교저수지 하류부에서 세류대교까지 약 6.0 km이었고, 총 39개의 구간에 대하여 하천환경평가기법과 도시하천평가기법의 평가지수를 비교하였다. 하천환경평가를 적용한 결과 수원천의 총괄지수는 $2.57{\sim}3.86$으로 나타났고, 하천특성 지수는 $2.20{\sim}2.95$, 생태환경 특성지수는 $1.91{\sim}4.02$로 나타났다. 또한 두 가지 평가기법에 대한 총괄지수와 특성지수의 평균등급은 동일하게 계산되었고, 부문지수 평균등급은 수로, 하상 등의 부문에서 등급변동이 나타났지만 2개 등급 이상의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 평가결과를 통해 도시하천 평가기법으로부터 파생된 하천환경평가기법의 적용가능성은 확인하였다. 앞으로 많은 대상하천을 선정, 평가를 실시하고, 하천의 연속성과 평가인자들 간의 연계성 등을 반영하는 부분에 대한 연구가 더 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.147-147
• /
• 2003

홍국 추출물로서 기능성을 조사하고 홍국 첨가한 국수를 제조하기 위하여 관능검사를 통하여 적정제조조건을 설정한 후 국수를 제조하여 품질특성을 조사하였다. 홍국을 물과 70%에탄올로 추출한 후 항산화작용과 아질산염소거능을 조사하였다. 홍국 추출물의 전자공여능은 물추출물 500ppm에서 46%, 1,000ppm에서 49%의 전자공여능을 나타내었으나 에탄올추출물은 500ppm에서 51%, 1,000ppm에서 56%로서 물추출물보다 높은 전자공여능을 나타내었다. 홍국 추출물의 아질산염소거능은 물추출 1,000ppm pH 1.2에서 32% 정도의 소거능을 나타내었으며 에탄올추출물 1,000ppm은 pH 1.2에서 37%의 아질산염소거능을 나타내었다. 홍국 추출물의 황산화능과 아질산염소거능 모두 에탄올추출물이 물추출물보다 우수하였다. 홍국을 0~4% 첨가한 홍국국수의 관능검사에서 건면에 대하여 색, 향, 맛, 뒷맛, 총괄평가 등을 7점법으로 관능검사를 실시한 결과, 색상은 홍국 4% 첨가한 것을 가장 선호하였으며(p＜0.05) 향, 맛, 뒷맛은 각 첨가군간에 유의적 차이가 없었다. 건면에 대한 총괄평가는 3%와 4% 첨가한 국수를 가장 선호하였다(p＜0.05). 한편 삶은 홍국국수에 대한 관능검사를 실시한 결과에서, 색상은 4% 첨가국수를 가장 선호하였으나(p<0.05) 향, 부드러움, 맛, 뒷맛은 홍국 첨가농도간에 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 촉촉한 정도는 4%에서 유의적으로 기호도가 높았으며(p<0.05) 총괄평가는 각 농도의 홍국 첨가군 간에 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 건면과 생면의 관능검사 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 홍국국수의 제조시에 홍국을 3~4% 첨가하는 것이 가장 바람직한 것으로 판단된다. 홍국국수(생면)를 5$^{\circ}C$에 4주간 저장했을 때의 균수는 저장 2주까지는 생균수가 증가하였으나 2주후부터 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 저장초기의 균수는 홍국을 첨가한 국수가 대조구에 비하여 총균수와 효모.곰팡이수가 많았으나 저장 1주일 후부터 3주까지 홍국 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 균수가 적었으며 홍국 첨가농도에 비례하여 감소하였다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.8
• /
• pp.275-283
• /
• 2021

This study was intended to help improve assessment in college EFL classes by examining the relationship between formative assessment (FA) and summative assessment (SA). Participants for the study were 75 undergraduates, taking an eight-week optional college English course at a four-year college in China. FA data were collected in the final course of the course by a self-reporting survey using the online training platform Mosoteach. To achieve the finding, the relationship between FA scores and SA scores (final exam and performance scores) was analyzed in SPSS by means of Pearson correlation analyses. Significant positive correlations were found between FA and SA scores overall. In addition, students' performance on chapter tests, online discussions, brainstorming, quick-responses, assignments and the number of thumbs-up clicks by teachers were significantly correlated with SA scores. The results suggested that FA administered through the Mosoteach app could improve students' academic performance, thus providing an empirical basis for improving educational assessment. Based on these findings, implications for assessment in EFL classes were described.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.363-372
• /
• 2021

Aim of this study was to confirm the effect of teaching and learning methods on outcomes of learner according to learning style. For this, 22 of dental hygiene students(case group) was treated teaching & learning methods according to learning style while 24 of students(control group) was non treated. Pre-survey were performed before performance of program. Formative Evaluation(FE) was conducted in 2, 3 and 4 week of program respectively and summative evaluation(SE), survey of subject interest(SI) and learning motivation(LM) were conducted in 5 week. The result of study, FE, SI and LM after treatment were increased than before treatment in case group(p<0.05). SI and LM of case group were higher than control group(p<0.05). FE after treatment was increased than before treatment in he assimilator(p<0.05). SI and LM of case groups were higher than control group in assimilator and diverger(p<0.05). The result of correlation analysis, SI was related with SE, FE, LM(p<0.01, p<0.05). Thus, it is necessary to development, application and study of teaching & learning consider to learning style.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
• /
• 2024.01a
• /
• pp.457-458
• /
• 2024

반도체 칩 부족에 따른 신차 생산 중단 및 중고차 가격 급상승, 항구 파업으로 수입 차량 인도 지연 등 예측 불가능한 사회 현상이 빈번히 발생하는 상황에서도 신속히 대응하며 운영해야하는 자동차 딜러쉽의 총괄 관리자 역할은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 캐나다 온타리오 주 내 현대자동차 딜러쉽을 대표하는 8명의 지점장들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. AHP 기법을 통해 총괄 관리자에게 가장 중요한 핵심 역량을 파악하였고, 의사 결정, 직원과의 관계, 코칭 및 멘토링 등이 핵심 역량으로 도출되었다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 채용 과정에서 평가 지표로 활용될 수 있고, 현직 총괄 관리자들의 역량 향상을 위한 교육 시스템 구축 및 적용을 통해 딜러쉽의 성공적인 운영과 더 큰 성과 창출에도 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
• /
• 2000.11a
• /
• pp.419-422
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 길을 기반으로 하여 학습자 스스로 학습의 장면을 결정하고, 학습의 형태를 계획하여 학습을 주도적으로 이끌어 낼 수 있도록 하는 학습자 중심의 자기주도적 학습 환경을 선계 및 구현하였다. 학습 설계 대상은 학습자와 길 사이의 동적 상호작용을 통하여 지필 학습방법으로 학습하기 힘들었던 단원인 고등학교 공통수학의 삼각함수를 선택하였다. 학습자가 학습장면에서 직접 실행해 보고 도형을 이동시켜 변화하는 현상을 관찰하고 탐구함으로써 실시간으로 피드백이 가능하여 학습의 효과를 극대화하였으며 학습자에 대한 정보와 학습의 상태는 DB를 이용하여 관리하도록 하였고 형성평가와 총괄평가는 DB를 이용하도록 설계하였다.