• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.442-448
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• 2012

The effects of zeolite-type catalysts addition on the thermal decomposition of the PP resin have been studied in a thermal analyzer, a Pyrolyser GC-mass, and a small batch reactor. The zeolite type catalysts tested were natural zeolite, used FCC catalyst, and ZSM-5. As the results of TGA experiments, the pyrolysis starting temperature for PP varied in the range of $330{\sim}360^{\circ}C$ according to the heating rate. Addition of the zeolite type catalysts in the PP resin increased the pyrolysis rate in the order of used FCC catalyst> natural zeolite> ZSM-5 > PP resin. Adding the used FCC catalyst in the PP reduced most effectively the pyrolysis finishing temperature. In the PY-G.C. mass experiments, addition of zeolite type catalysts decreased the molecular weight of pyrolyzed product. In the batch system experiments, the mixing of used FCC catalyst enhanced best the initial yield of fuel oil, but the final yield of fuel oil was 2% higher in the case of mixing of natural zeolite. Also in the carbon number analysis, used FCC catalyst was the most useful one in this experiments for fuel oil.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.183-192
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• 1980

Oxidation reactions of carbon monoxide on $SnO_2$, Sb-doped $SnO_2$, and Pt catalyst were studied. The oxidation reaction was found to be first order with respect to both CO and O$_2$ on $SnO_2$ and Sb-doped $SnO_2$ catalysts, and to be of half order on Pt catalyst. A small addition of Sb to $SnO_2$ (depant composition: 0.05∼0.1 mol %) increased the rate of oxidation. On the contrary, a large addition decreased the rate. From the rate expression of oxidation on Pt catalyst, the inhibition effect of carbon monoxide on the rate of oxidation was deduced. The experimentally obtained activatio energies were 5.7 kcal for the Sb doped $SnO_2$ catalyst (dopant composion: 0.05 mole%), and 6.4 kcal for the Pt catalyst. A possible reaction mechanism was proposed from the experimentally obtained kinetic data.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1994

The intramolecular formal iron-catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of acetylenic dienes to produce bicyclic products has been investigated. These reactions proceeded, competing via intramolecular carbocyclization and bimolecular cycloaddition. However, the iron-catalyzed bicyclic carbocyclization of 4,4-dimethyl-3-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-1-phenyl-6,8-decadien-1-yne(11) yielded exclusively bicyclic diene product(yield 78.1%). From this result, we found that the substrate containing a dimethyl substitutent at the 4,4-position helped to promote the intramolecular reaction, which is stable to the iron catalyzed conditions.

• Clean Technology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

Effects of the Cu and K addition and the reduction condition of Fe-based catalysts for Fischer-Tropsch reaction are studied in a continuous flow reactor in this research. The catalysts for the reaction were prepared by homogeneous precipitation followed by incipient wetness impregnation. Physicochemical properties of the $Al_2O_3$ supported Fe-based catalysts are characterized by various methods including X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Catalytic activities and stabilities of the Fe/Cu/K catalyst are investigated in time-on-stream for an extended reaction time over 216 h. It is found that a reduction of the catalysts using a mixture of CO and $H_2$ can promote their catalytic activities, attributed to the iron carbides formed on the catalysts surface by X-ray diffraction analysis. The addition of Cu induces a fast stabilization of the reaction reducing the time to reach at the steady state by enhancement of catalytic reduction. The addition of K to the catalysts increases the CO conversion, while the physical stability of catalyst decreases with potassium loading up to 5%. The Fe/Cu (5%)/K (1%) catalyst shows an enhanced long term stability for the Fischer-Tropsch reaction under the practical reaction condition, displaying about 15% decrease in the CO conversion after 120 h of the operation.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.113.1-113.1
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 중 소형 SOFC에 적용할 수 있는 연료 변환 시스템으로 자체 기동 및 독립운전이 가능한 천연가스 자열개질(ATR) 반응기를 $10Nm^3/hr$급으로 개발하고자한다. 설계된 천연가스 자열개질기는 자열개질 촉매를 코팅한 금속 모노리스형 촉매체를 반응기 내에 장착함으로써 반응열을 신속하게 제거 또는 공급할 수 있는 시스템으로 구성되었다. 이는 금속 모노리스의 뛰어난 열전도 능력에 의해 반응기 내의 촉매층 전체 온도 분포를 균일하게 유지할 수 있는 저에너지형 자열개질 반응기이다. 또한 빠른 기동 특성을 실현하기 위하여 전기 발열식 촉매체(EHC ; Electically Heated Catalyst)를 장착한 start-up 시스템을 적용하여 천연가스 자열개질 반응기의 신속한 기동과 장치 간편화를 실현하였으며, 합성 syngas의 배열 회수를 위한 최적 열교환 시스템을 설계/적용함으로써 에너지 효율 향상을 도모하였다. 이와 같은 촉매 및 구조 시스템을 가지는 천연가스 자열개질 반응용 소형 연료변환 시스템을 원통형의 이중관 구조로 구성하고, 독립운전 모드로 개발함으로써 소형 SOFC의 연료 변환장치의 적용에 용이하게 하고자 한다.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 1999

An investigation was made of the effect of various transition metal catalysts, ligands, and a promoter on the synthesis of N,N'-diphenylurea(DPU) from nitrobenzene, aniline, and carbon monoxide. Homogeneous Pd and Ni catalysts were found to be highly efficient, giving almost quantitative isolated DPU yields at 100% nitrobenzene conversion. Bidentate ligand, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)proane(dppp) showed much improved activity and significantly different reactivity relative to the usual monodentate $PPh_3$ ligand in the presence of Ni and Pd catalysts. These results were inferred to the effect of the cis coordination of bidentate dppp ligand on the metal. The use of a promoter $Et_4NCl$ was indispensable in the case of $PPh_3$, yet inhibited the reaction if used with dppp. It was possible to reuse the Pd-dppp catalyst system, although the catalytic activity was reduced slowly.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.511-515
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• 2007

The yield of oil was rapidly increased at $440^{\circ}C$ compared to $400^{\circ}C$ and $420^{\circ}C$ when the isothermal pyrolysis of waste ship lubricating oil was carried out in tubular type reactor, and pyrolysis was almost finished within 30 min. The yield of gas was decreased depending on the reaction temperature in which that of solid was not much changed. Pyrolysis experiments of waste ship lubricating oil were carried out with used ZSM-5 produced from a petrochemical process. The yield of gas was highly increased in the case of used ZSM-5 and fresh ZSM-5 compared to the case without catalyst. The produced oil and gas were almost constant for fresh ZSM-5 and used ZSM-5 at the same reaction temperature. In the reaction temperature $400{\sim}440^{\circ}C$, the selectivity of $C_5-C_{11}$ was two times higher with fresh ZSM-5 and used ZSM-5 than the case without catalyst.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.229.2-229.2
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• 2010

한 단계 수성가스전이반응(Single stage water gas shift reaction)을 위해 높은 산소저장능(OSC: Oxygen Storage Capacity)을 가진 $CeO_2$를 담체로 사용하여 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매를 설계하였다. 촉매의 제조 조건은 촉매 활성과 매우 밀접한 관계가 있다. 따라서 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매에 제조변수를 다양하게 변화하여 성능을 평가하였다. 촉매 반응 실험은 공간속도(GHSV: Gas Hourly Space Velocity) $45,515h^{-1}$에서 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 $Pt/CeO_2$ 촉매를 최적화하기 위해 촉매 제조 조건 중 소성온도, 배치 당 제조질량, 전구체 그리고 pH 와 같은 다양한 제조 조건으로 촉매의 성능을 평가하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.263-265
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• 2008

자원 재활용 및 에너지 생산관점에서 폐유지로부터 환경친화적인 연료인 바이오디젤에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히 폐유지내 함유된 유리지방산 및 수분에 의해 효율적인 에스테르화 반응이 어렵기 때문에 이를 전처리 단계에서 제거되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 폐유지내 유리지방산을 효과적으로 제거하기 위하여 회분식 반응기에서 제올라이트 촉매의 종류에 의한 세공구조와 산성도 변화에 따른 유리지방산 전환반응에 미치는 영향을 조사해 보았다. 제올라이트 촉매의 유리지방산 전환율은 세공구조와 산성도에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 유리지방산 전환율은 FAU < MOR < MFI < BEA의 순으로 높았다. 제올라이트의 세공구조는 1차원적인 구조를 가질 경우 탄소침적이 일어나지만 3차원적인 세공구조를 가지는 경우 탄소침적에 의한 촉매의 활성저하가 감소된다. 또한 제올라이트의 산성도에 따른 특성으로는 유리지방산의 전환반응에는 중간정도의 산세기를 가진 촉매가 유리함을 확인하였다. 그러므로 폐유지로부터 유리지방산을 제거하기 위한 우수한 제올라이트 촉매로는 BEA 제올라이트 촉매임을 확인하였다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.499-502
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• 2008

고정층반응기에서 니켈이 치환된 하이드로탈사이트($Ni_3Mg_3Al_2(CO_3)(OH)_{{16}{\cdot}n}H_2O$ ; n=3$\sim$5)를 합성하고 여기에 세리아를 첨가 후 소성하여 얻은 촉매를 사용하여($Ce_xNi_3$-HTlc ; x=0.3$\sim$1.2) 메탄의 부분산화 반응실험을 수행하였다. 세리아가 첨가되지 않은 촉매는 반응 초기 활성이 세리가가 소량 첨가된 ($Ce_{0.3}Ni_3$-HTlc) 촉매보다 우수하였으나 장시간 반응에서는 차차 활성이 저하되었으나, $Ce_{0.3}Ni_3$-HTlc의 활성은 30시간까지 일정하게 유지 되었다. 세리아 함량이 많아 질수록 촉매 활성은 점차 저하되었으며, $Ce_{1.2}Ni_3$-HTlc 는 촉매활성이 매우 낮았다.