• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.39
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• pp.69-96
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• 2019

North Korea has conserved operas in a selective manner. The subject matters of operas recorded in the history of North Korea can be divided into classical tales, translated foreign works, Korean War and war against Japan. Operas that adapted folk classics of the 1950s are considered valuable materials to verify the changes of genres posterior to division of regime between North and South Korea. The officially confirmed works include "Kumgangsan Palseonnyeo (Gyeonwoo Jiknyeo)," "Chunhyangjeon." "Kongjwi Patjwi (Kotsin)," "Ondal," and "Geumnaneui Dal." These works had gone through recreation in terms of realistic situation setting, abolition of class difference, adjustment of social rank and punishment of evil while the base lies in the original folk classics. People emphasized in adapted folk operas are described as those who are hard-working souls without giving importance of difference of social rank, content with the currently living space, devoted to their parents and full of patriotic spirit, and members of community who participate in organized fights against unfair exploitation. This was the fruit of encouragement of work creation supporting union between labor and individual life, destruction of old things and fight promoting this destruction. Folk operas of South and North Korea posterior to Korean War have similarities in that both deal with a love story transcending social ranks and the concomitant conflicts and they focus on the audience who enjoy the operas. Nonetheless, they are different in that this love in North Korea became a tool of educating people wished by the regime, while it became an object of securing the audience by adding the tragic element to love in South Korea. North Korean operas of the initial stage are characterized by playwriting method emphasizing difficult life and compensation of common people, realistic stage expression, accentuation of melody and agreement between notes and lyrics. This was efforts designed to continuously lead senses concentrated from the theater to everyday life of people. In effect, this is in line with the playwriting method of revolutionary operas. Adapted folk operas were subject matters ideal for easily approaching the audience and leaving them good memories at the same time. To realize socialist realism, they went through an experiment of reviewing "people" through the classic folk operas. The possibility of continuation of a work was determined by thorough evaluation after carrying out an experiment in terms of subject matters, theme, music and operation plans from the moment of which the work was on the stage. The sign consisted in the possibility of visit of "Kim Il-sung" to appreciate the work and presentation of directionality. By proposing the clear directionality of which hard-working people who deny social status system can be duly compensated, it encouraged the audience who saw the opera to voluntarily put this in practice. Thus, operas established the directionality through selective processes for creating public communion even before revolutionary operas.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.82-95
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• 2001

OXC는 정적인 점대점 광전송망에서 동적인 그물형 전광통신망으로 진화하기 위하여 망에 도입되어야 할 새로운 광네트워크 장비이다. OXC는 링크 단위의 스위칭을 하는 FXC 파장 단위의 스위칭 기능이 있으나 파장 변환 기능이 없는 WSXC, 그리고 파장 변환 기능이 있는 WIXC로 구분할 수 있으며, 이들간의 hybrid 도 가능하다. OXC 하드웨어의 중심을 이루는 것은 광스위치이다. MEMS 기술, 열광학 효과를 이용한 광도파로 기술, 전반사를 이용하는 bubble 스위치 기술 등을 사용하여 개발이 진행되고 있다. 현재까지는 이 중 3D MEMS 기술이 대용량 스위치를 구성할 가능성이 있는 기술로 받아들여지고 있다. OXC를 구성하는데 있어서 또 다른 핵심적인 기술에는 파장변환 기술이 있다. 광전 파장변환기와 전광 파장변환기 방식이 현재 연구되고 있으며 초기에는 광전변환 방식이 OXC 시스템에 적용될 가능성이 높다. 전광 파장변환기의 시스템 적용을 위해서는 좀 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. OXC를 사용하는 전광통신망에서 광스위치 기술 이상으로 많은 논란이 되는 것은 망의 운용 문제이다. 현재 가장 많이 언급되는 모델은 오버레이 모델과 피어 모델이다. 오버레이 모델은 클라이언트/서버 개념에 기반한 모델인 반면 피어 모델은 광 네트워크 장비와 기존 장비를 대등한 관계로 정의한 모델이다. 각각의 모델에 대해서는 표준화 단체에 따라 약간씩 다른 입장을 취하고 있지만 상호 간에 수용 또는 타협할 점이 많다고 볼 수 있다. OXC를 포함하는 전광 통신망을 운용할 때에는 동적 연결 설정 및 해제를 위한 새로운 신호 방식이 필요하다. 이를 위하여 ITU-T 및 OIF에서 UNI와 NNI등의 인터페이스와 여기에 사용되는 신호 방식을 논의하고 있다. 그 외에도 전광 통신망 운용에 필요한 라우팅 및 파장할당 방법과 OXC를 이용한 그물형 망에서의 보호 및 복구에 대한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.397-408
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• 2010

SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprise) have became competitive by improvement of work efficiency due to utilization of DBMS, which is mainly used among large enterprises, but reverse functions such as security events and vulnerabilities have been increasing. SMEs without enough investment on security infrastructure have difficulties with implementing DB security products. Therefore the most of SMEs are exposed to hacking and security accidents defensivelessly. Hence this study offers distributional H/W DB security solution which is affordable for SMEs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.81-104
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• 2013

The U-library service is a user-oriented library service through which users, after browsing and making reservations using the Internet and smartphones, can borrow and return library materials at an unmanned circulation system located in places, such as subway stations, without visiting the library. However, the U-library service is still in the early stages both quantitatively and qualitatively. In that, this study, in order to enhance our understanding of the U-library service, conceptualizes the unmanned circulation system, investigates current situation by examining and analyzing some U-library service cases, and pinpoints some problems while making some suggestions for improvement.

• Journal of the Korea society of information convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.67-87
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• 2013

La France est un Etat unitaire $r{\acute{e}}agi$ par la Constitution. La $r{\acute{e}}forme$ de la $d{\acute{e}}centralisation$ a $d{\acute{e}}but{\acute{e}}$ par la $d{\acute{e}}claration$ 'des droits et $liber{\acute{e}}s$ des communes, des $d{\acute{e}}partements$ et des $r{\acute{e}}gions'$ qui influence plusieurs domaines de l' administration locale: la suppression du $contr\hat{o}le$ a priori et l' exercice du $contr\hat{o}le$ a posteriori par le commissaire de la Republique et par le Cour des comptes; le transfert des competences de l' Etat vers les communes, les $d{\acute{e}}partements$ et les $r{\acute{e}}gions$ avec la transmission du pouvoir de $d{\acute{e}}cision$; le transfert de moyens financiers pour financer les $d{\acute{e}}penses$ relatives aux $comp{\acute{e}}tences$ acquises; la $r{\acute{e}}forme$ du $syst{\acute{e}}me$ des fonctionnaires territoraux; le paiement des honoraires aux ${\acute{e}}lus$ locaux; la limitation du cumul des mandats.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.185-194
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• 2012

Contemporary society maintains mass-product system that keeps endless cycle of making and consuming. In this vein, everyday life becomes to be under the control of function and efficiency. On the contrary, the people are getting to have a desire of escaping from this everydayness, that is, the desire for non-everydayness. British architect, Nigel Coates understood the potentiality of contemporary metropolis which produce new experiences through their heterogeneities. During 1980s, Japanese economic bubble provided rich nourishment to the desire for non-everydayness based on consumers' tastes. Nigel Coates snatched this phenomena and designed commercial spaces aligned to the non-everydayness. He shows very eloquent version of escaping sense. We can find the exquisite quality of non-everydayness through design vocabulary of object's form and arrangement. In the viewpoint of object form, Coates adopted classical statues of Greek, that is antique, and modern gadgets such as airplane wings and seats. Also, we can find abundant gestures of curvilineal contours throughout the objects he designed. As for the objects' arrangement, he introduced repetition and curved composition that can stimulate human interaction with interior scape.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2014

Recently Android apps utilizing location based services are widely used. Understanding the operation of the GPS location provider, among various location providers supported in the Android platform, is an essential task for developers using the Android. This paper, based on the analysis of source codes of the GPS subsystem in the Android platform, shows clearly and orderly the operation of the GPS location provider, in key threads' perspectives as well as in a stepwise fashion from the initialization up to the final location report steps.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.359-370
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• 2015

The present study aims to numerically investigate the behavior of liquid droplet driven by capillarity force imbalance on horizontal surfaces ranging from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, under various conditions. The droplet behavior has been simulated using an in-house solution code(PowerCFD), which employs an unstructured cell-centered method based on a conservative pressure-based finite-volume method with interface capturing method(CICSAM) in a volume of fluid(VOF) scheme for phase interface capturing. The detailed droplet behavior was obtained under various conditions for droplets with different initial shapes, contact angles and surface tension forces(or Bond number). The mechanism of droplet transport was examined using the numerical results on the droplet shapes.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.635-643
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• 2015

This study conducted a case study using various platforms centered on a tennis game to examine what forms the movements of a game player had when they were abstracted in the game. In particular, it summarized the forms of the player's experience that could be attained from the abstracted tennis actions into the 4 types: movement, swing, direction & intensity, and skill; and observed and schematized them in the early video games, console games, mobile games, Gesture recognition games, and wearable games. In conclusion, the development of technology offers the players with greater experience. For example the change of the platform of simple games of pressing buttons into swinging. Furthermore, the study found a consistency in the context even though the difference of action was slightly found by the interface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.479-482
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 퍼지 뉴럴네트워크의 새로운 구조인 Fuzzy Set-based Polynomial Neural Networks(FSPNN)을 소개한다. 제안된 모델은 일반적인 최적화 방법과 정보 입자를 이용하여 네트워크를 설계한다. 최종 구조는 Fuzzy Set-based Polynomial Neuron(FSPN)을 기반으로 설계한 FPNN과 동일하다. 첫째로 FSPNS의 종합적인 설계방법(유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 최적 구조 탐색)에 대해 소개한다. FSPNN에 관계되는 입력변수의 개수, 후반부 다항식의 차수, 멤버쉽 함수의 수 그리고 입력변수 개수에 따른 입력변수를 유전자 알고리즘을 통하여 동조한다. 두 번째로, 입력 변수의 개별적인 퍼지 규칙 형성과 퍼지 공간 분할 및 삼각형 멤버쉽 함수의 초기 정점을 HCM 클러스터링을 통한 Information Granules로 정의한다. 또한 데이터 입자의 중심을 이용하여 후반부의 구조를 결정한다. 이 네트워크의 성능은 기존에 퍼지 또는 뉴로퍼지 모델링에서 실험된 모델링 표준치를 이용하여 평가한다.