• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.285-294
• /
• 2002

Infiltration is one of the important processes of the hydrologic cycle determining the distribution of water and has been studied extensively. Various theories and models proposed for this process are usually applicable only when the rainfall intensity is higher than the infiltration capacity. The study by Diskin and Nazimov (1995, 1996) suggested a conceptual infiltration model that comprises two elements. The model can make an reasonable approach to the infiltration process, instead of representing the infiltration as a function of time. The study presented herein improved the existing conceptual infiltration model by an additional consideration of the initial moisture contents. The analysis results for the variation of the infiltration capacity curries for various initial moisture contents demonstrate that the model is more reasonable for the approach to the infiltration process. In addition, the results for the relationship of stormwater events-ponding time are compared with the literature values of that for a number of soil types. The agreement is rather good, leading to the conclusion that the improved model is vapid for describing the infiltration process.

• Computational Structural Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.85-101
• /
• 1994

A family of variational principles governing the dynamics of laminated plate has been derived using a variationally consistent shear deformable discrete laminated plate theory with particular reference to finite element procedures. The theoretical basis for the derivation is Sandhu's generalized procedure for the variational formulation of linear coupled boundary value problem. As the bilinear mapping to write the operator matrix of the field equations in self-adjoint form, convolution product was employed. Boundary conditions, initial conditions and probable internal discontinuity were explicitly included in the governing functionals. Some interesting extensions and specializations of the general variational principle were presented, which can provide many different finite element formulations for the problem.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2001

한반도 중부에 위치한 대전 지진관측소(TJN) 하부의 세부 지각구조를 밝혀내기 위하여 수신함수를 이용한 선형화된 역산(linearized inversion) 방법을 적용하였다. 본 방법의 비단일해(nonuniqueness)와 초기 모델 의존성의 문제를 해결하기 위해 근사 초기 속도 모델로부터 72개의 서로 다른 초기 모델을 구하여 역산을 수행한 후 결과모델들의 평균 속도 모델을 제시하는 방법을 사용하였다. 역산 결과 총 72개의 모델 중 뚜렷한 지각-맨틀 경계를 보이는 43개의 모델만이 조건에 만족하는 결과를 나타내었다. 모든 모델에서 속도 구조는 전체적으로 깊이에 따라 속도의 불연속면이나 급격한 증가없이 연속적인 변화를 하며, 모호면의 깊이는 30～32.5 km의 범위로 나타났다. 평균적인 하부 지각의 속도는 6.5 km/s, 상부 맨틀의 속도는 7.8 km/s로 뚜렷한 속도 변화를 보였다. 결과 모델 군은 중부지각(mid-crust)에서의 속도를 기준으로 약한 저속도층을 나타내는 군과 상대적으로 일정한 속도를 가지는 군으로 구분되었다. 단지 지진파형의 비교만으로 두 모델군 중 합당한 모델군의 선택은 불가능하였다. 따라서 수신 함수를 이용하여 연구 지역의 신뢰할 만한 지각 구조를 구하기 위해서는 그 지역에 대한 지질학적, 지구물리학적 추가정보와의 동반 해석이 요구된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.181-194
• /
• 1984

The in-core fuel management problem was studied by use of the calculus of variations. Two functions of interest to a public power utility, the profit function and the cost function, were subjected to the constraints of criticality, the reactor turnup equations and an inequality constraint on the maximum allowable power density. The variational solution of the initial profit rate demonstrated that there are two distinct regions of the reactor, a constant power region and a minimum inventory or flat thermal flux region. The transition point between these regions is dependent on the relative importance of the profit for generating power and the interest charges for the fuel. The fuel cycle cost function was then used to optimize a three equal volume region reactor with a constant fuel enrichment. The inequality constraint on the maximum allowable power density requires that the inequality become an equality constraint at some points in the reactor. and at all times throughout the core cycle. The finite difference equations for reactor criticality and fuel burnup in conjunction with the equality constraint on power density were solved, and the method of gradients was used to locate an optimum enrichment. The results of this calculation showed that standard non-linear optimization techniques can be used to optimize a reactor when the inequality constraints are properly applied.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 1991

This paper presents a numerical analysis procedure and a characteristics for vibration and buckling of the cylinderical panels. The panels with simply-simply or simply-clamped edge supports are subjectes to circumferential compressive or flexural stresses. The differential equations governing vibration and buckling for these panels are derived by using the fundamental differential equation of the Love-Timoshenko and are solved numerically via the Galerkin method. The panel with simply-clamped edge supports is used a trigonometric function or a eigen function of a beam as a trial function and the effects of trial functions on numerical solutions are displayed. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effects of the flexural parameters in natural frequencies and coefficients of critical buckling and some typical mode shapes of vibration and buckling are also presented.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 1995

Fick's diffusion equation was transformed into algebraic subsidiary equation with its initial and boundary conditions through Laplace transformation, and the subsidiary equation was transformed back on the basis of Burington's table of inverse transformations so that it became the solution of Fick's equation. The initial and boundary condition was for upward diffusion of salts into flooding water of constant depth from uniform polder soil of infinite depth containing constant concentration of salt. The derived solution was tested through comparison for its conformability with other solutions of simpler initial and boundary conditions. The importance of shallow transplanting of rice seedlings and salt removing by growing rice was mentioned on the basis of very slow desalting rate by diffusion calculated from the derived solutions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
• /
• 2017.04a
• /
• pp.99-99
• /
• 2017

국내 콩의 소비량은 계속적으로 증가하고 있다. 재배 면적은 1995년 10,000ha에서 2013년 8,000ha까지 계속적으로 감소하였으며, 수입은 2009년 644.9백만 달러에서 2013년 883.3백만 달러까지 계속적인 증가 추세에 있다. 건조는 품질 손상을 최소화 및 수분을 제거하는 공정이다. 모든 곡물에는 건조 조건에 따라서 품질이 크게 변화하며, 건조 과정을 해석하여 해당 곡물의 적정 건조 조건을 구명하여 품질을 유지하는 위해서는 중요하다(Keum, 등 1977). 얇은 두께의 곡물층을 단층으로 하여 건조속도 및 건조공기의 조건을 나타내는 것을 박층(Thin layer)건조모델이라 한다. 박층건조모델을 계속적으로 쌓은 모델을 후층(Deep layer)모델이라 하며, 건조기 개발 및 건조조건 구명에 가장 기본이 된다(Basunia and Abe, 1998). 그러나 해외에서 만들어진 콩 박층건조 모델은 국내의 검은콩과 물성이 상이하여 건조조건이 다르게 설정 되어야 한다. 따라서, 본 연구목적은 건조온도 2수준, 상대습도 3수준에 대하여 검은 콩의 건조속도 측정하고, 곡물건조방정식으로 많이 이용되고 있는 4개의 건조방정식에 대하여 모델 적합성을 검정하여 검은콩 건조에 적합한 박층건조모델 결정하는데 있다. 공시재료는 2015년 강원도지역에서 생산된 검은콩을 실험에 사용하였으며, 초기 함수율은 14.7%,w.b.였다. 박층 건조공기 조성은 공기조화장치(MTH4100, SANYO, UK)를 사용하여 조성하였으며, 송풍기에 의해 공기충만실을 통과하여 건조 층을 통과하도록 구성하였다. 목표 평형함수율에 도달하면 실험을 종료하였다. 건조 층의 초기중량 및 경시적 변화는 전자저울(GF-4000, AND, Japan)을 이용하여 10분 간격 측정하여 저장하였다. 적정 박층건조모델을 결정하기 위하여 기존의 곡물건조방정식 중 널리 사용되고 있는 4개(Lewis, 1921; Page, 1949; Thompson, 1967; Moisture diffusion, 1975)의 건조모델을 이용하여 비교 검증하였다. 건조 초기 2시간 까지는 급격히 감소하다가 건조속도에 영향을 미치는 반건조시간(MR=0.5) 이후에는 완만하게 건조되는 것으로 나타났고 건조조건으로 건조온도 및 상대습도 모두의 영향이 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 4가지 건조 모델과 비교한 결과 Thompson 모델이 전체 건조 영역에서 비교적 잘 일치하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 1997

Because food waste have high moisture content, landfill or incineration is not most suitable. The reuse of food waste by composting contribute to solve resourse, environmental, aglicultural problems. The purpose of this research is to optimise operating conditions and to develop new microorganisms for recycling of food waste by ultilizing small-scale composting equipment. The reduction rate of food waste was 75~85% by weight, and it was coincided with moisture reduction. When initial moisture was 25%, 45% and 60%, C/N ratio on based net weight was 9.8, 10.7 and 11. 8, respectively. And it was suitable for composting. But, The developed microorganism, PNU2, was better than existing commercial seed in the activity based on $CO_2$ concentration.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2009

In this study, a distributed rainfall-runoff model, K-DRUM, based on physical kinematic wave was developed to simulate temporal and spatial distribution of flood discharge considering grid rainfall and grid based GIS hydrological parameters. The developed model can simulate temporal and spatial distribution of surface flow and sub-surface flow during flood period, and input parameters of ASCII format as pre-process can be extracted using ArcView. Output results of ASCII format as post-process can be created to express distribution of discharge in the watershed using GIS and express discharge as animation using TecPlot. an auto calibration method for initial soil moisture conditions that have an effect on discharge in the physics based K-DRUM was additionally developed. The baseflow for Namgang Dam Watershed was analysed to review the applicability of the developed auto calibration method. The accuracy of discharge analysis for application of the method was evaluated using RMSE and NRMSE. Problems in running time and inaccuracy setting using the existing trial and error method were solved by applying an auto calibration method in setting initial soil moisture conditions of K-DRUM.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2000

Deadbeat property is well established in digital control system design in time domain. But in continuous time system, deadbeat is impossible because of it's ripples between sampling points inspite of designs using the related digital control system design theory. But several researchers suggested delay elements. A delay element is made from the concept of finite Laplace Transform. From some specifications such as internal model stability, physical realizations as well as finite time settling, unknown coefficents and poles in error transfer functions with delay elements can be calulted so as to satisfy these specifications. For the application to the real system, robustness property can be added. In this paper, error transfer function is specified with 1 delay element and robustness condition is considered additionally. As the criterion of the robustness, a weighted sensitive function's $H_{infty}$ norm is used. For the minimum value of the criterion, error transfer function's poles are calculated optimally. In this sense, optimal design of the continuous time deadbeat controller is obtained.