• Title/Summary/Keyword: 초국가 행위자

Search Result 9, Processing Time 0.019 seconds

China's Wind Energy Development and the Socio-political Conditions for Energy Transition: Focusing on Norm Promotions by Transnational Actors (중국 풍력발전 사례를 통한 에너지전환의 정치사회적 조건 연구: 초국가 행위자의 규범확산 활동을 중심으로)

  • Kyu Youn Choi
    • The Journal of Learner-Centered Curriculum and Instruction (JLCCI)
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.197-241
    • /
    • 2019
  • The rapid development of China's wind energy sector was facilitated by a number of transnational actors including organisations for international cooperation and international environmental organisations. This paper explores their evolving roles at different development stages in order to extend our understanding of the socio-political conditions for energy transition. Employing the framework of norm diffusion theories, this study focuses on the transnational advocacy group supporting wind energy for environmental purposes and analyses their norm promotion activities in interaction with domestic proponent as well as opponent groups. This analysis shows that the transnational actors successfully laid the foundation for the commercial wind energy development throughout the 1990s but experienced marginalisation during the sector expansion due to the dominance of the central government and its protectionist industrial policy. As the domestic opponent groups caused high-level wind curtailment in the 2010s, the international advocacy group has increasingly conducted offensive norm promotion activities. This case of the Chinese wind energy development suggests that the international transfer of technology and policy measures in combination with the mobilisation of economic resources support the growth of the wind energy sector, which nonetheless suffers lacking influence of environmental norms and faces conflicts with the traditional players of the electricity sector. Based on these findings, this study concludes that the key socio-political condition for energy transition is the formation of a power configuration which facilitates the effectiveness of environmental norms and thus confronts the powerful opponents of wind energy.

Increase of International Marriage in the Northern Vietnam and a Transnational Social Space (베트남 북부지역의 국제결혼의 증가와 초국가적 사회공간)

  • Jo, Hyun-Mi
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
    • /
    • v.19 no.3
    • /
    • pp.494-513
    • /
    • 2013
  • In this study, a transnational social space which emerges in a rural village of the northern Vietnam called 'Korean Village' is analyzed. The immigrant women of whom the spouses are Korean were forming transnational network with family members through which frequent and active communications took place. At the same time materialistic exchanges were occurring by means of remittance. Like most rural areas where up-to-date life patterns co-exist with outdated ones, the studied region was turning into a transnational social space under the influence of indigenous locallity, culture and other economic factors. Women were found to play a virtual role as resonator in practicing the transnational activity of migration. With the migration routes getting more and more solidified, the evolution of the transnational social space and the role of resonator, the form of transnational migration which makes involved young women look like a sacrifice is ceaselessly expanding around a specific region. This is noticeable because a rural village seemingly far away from internationalization is not only becoming the transnational social space but also a stage of its evolution.

  • PDF

A Conceptual Study of the underdevelopment of the British Multinational Corporations, 1870-1914: from the perspective of the network theory (1870-1914년 영국의 초국적 기업 발전을 저해한 요인 분석: 연결망(네트워크) 이론의 개념적 적용)

  • Yang, Oh Suk;Kang, Won Taek
    • Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
    • /
    • v.14 no.1
    • /
    • pp.129-153
    • /
    • 2010
  • The guiding research question of this paper is to discover 'why the UK could not develop a general structure in which transnational corporations were born during the end of the 19th ~ beginning of the 20th century like other countries'. In response to this question, although acknowledging its imperfections, the author would like to explore the causality in the context of 'Social Construction' which is reflected in the attributes of British society. As such, researchers are strongly recommended to take into account the actors' interests and the increased value effect of events which is driven by control power. This paper concludes that: firstly, not only was contempt for industrial capitalism prevalent in British society, the British government was unable to recognize the necessity of promoting policies for the development of transnational corporation. In addition, the increase in the clout of commercial-financial capitalists in the city of London along with the expansion of gentlemanly elites interfered with the transnationality of British companies. Secondly, the foundation of the political and economic structures in the UK experienced continuity and challenge simultaneously. Since the 1850's, the British social structure has been progressively characterized by the strengthening power of the commercial-financial elites in London, which resulted not in the transnationality of manufacturing but that of financial services. Finally, the configuration of the social network driven by the British elites consists of the actors' interests and control power in association with severance and connection. Unlike the complementarity of interests, in the initial stage, intended connection based on voluntary motivation between gentries and commercial-financial elites occurred in terms of control power. However, ultimately, the holding of power was transferred to the commercial-financial elites excluding the industrial capitalists and resulted in the reconfiguration of the social network.

The Emerging security initiatives and forecasting future social and natural environment changes (신흥안보 창발과 미래 사회 및 자연환경 변화예측)

  • Jung, Min-Sub;NamKung, Seung-Pil;Park, Sang-Hyuk
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
    • /
    • v.6 no.2
    • /
    • pp.327-331
    • /
    • 2020
  • In that this study is a subject and character of risk, emerging security covers non-military areas in addition to traditional military security: environmental security, human security, resource security, and cyber security. The rise of these risks is not only changing the phenomenon of the new expansion of security areas, but also the expansion of the number and scope of security entities and the aspect of security world politics. These risks are transnational security issues at the global level in terms of their nature and extent of the damage, as well as multi-layered ones that affect local and personal security issues at the regional and national levels. In addition to national actors, non-state actors such as international organizations, multinational corporations, and global civil society, and furthermore, technology and social systems themselves are causing risks. Therefore, to solve the new security problem, it is necessary to establish a middle-level and complex governance mechanism that is sought at the regional and global levels beyond the fragmented dimension of the occurrence of new security issues that have been overlooked in the existing frame of perception, and to predict and find ways to respond to new security paradigms that have been identified in a broader sense.

The Cultural Circuit of Capital and the Evolution of Regional Development Policy in Korea: A New Form of Managerialist Governance in Action? (자본의 문화적 순환과 한국 지역발전 정책의 진화: 새로운 관리주의 거버넌스 형태의 등장?)

  • Lee, Jae-Youl
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
    • /
    • v.25 no.2
    • /
    • pp.237-253
    • /
    • 2022
  • This article offers an account of how regional development policy in Korea has evolved under the influence of actor-networks comprising the cultural circuit of soft capitalism. In so doing, the roles played by transnational actor-networks forged between global consulting firms and national business media are emphasized. For this discussion, the waning of spatial Keynesianism in the country is contextualized in the first place, with particular attention to changing planning goals of key regional development policies including consultancies, influential policy gurus (e.g., Michael Porter and Richard Florida), and local business media outlet Maekyong are found to be key movers and shakers in the transition. These empirical findings call for striking a balance between dominant structuralist accounts and emerging actor-oriented approaches, and also help shed a new light on the dualistic conceptualization of managerialist and entrepreneurial governance in a way that the latter may be a new form of the former.

The Life History Study on the Life Journey of Retired Teachers (교원 은퇴자의 삶의 여정에 관한 생애사 연구)

  • Park, Jong-Hwan;Youn, Sun-Sook
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
    • /
    • v.21 no.1
    • /
    • pp.626-638
    • /
    • 2021
  • This study is about a life history. Through investigating the life of retired teachers in preschool, elementary, and middle schools, authors wanted to explore the meaning of retirement and the process of adaptation to find out their personal and social needs in post-retirement life. Studies have shown that their experiences at childhood have greatly influenced the performance of one's profession, such as contributing to setting limits on behaviors of their students. In the period of interdependence, they have contributed to serving society and the nation beyond as a professional, and in the second half of his teaching career, they have learned that their painful experience was a resource and have realized that changing mind can make the world changed. Since teachers' behavior affects on many subjects unlike other jobs, rewards or satisfaction from the job was bigger than any other jobs. However, after retirement, they felt a sense of emptiness in life without any sense of belonging or accomplishment, while feeling happiness and infinite freedom in other hand. Thy still go forward for life challenging to new study.

A Essay on International Development Cooperation and ODA of Science and Technology (과학기술의 국제개발협력과 ODA에 대한 시론적 고찰)

  • Kim, Duk-Jin
    • Korea and Global Affairs
    • /
    • v.1 no.2
    • /
    • pp.149-170
    • /
    • 2017
  • This paper aim to find activities related to science and technology in the field of Official Development Assistance in Korea and to research its meaning. In order for Korea to achieve greater results through international cooperation in science and technology and ODA, it seems to be the primary task to establish a foundation for collecting social opinions. In other words, when civil society and the private sector are not willing to participate, international cooperation has many limitations in achieving substantial benefits because it embodies the problem of domestic politics. And the science and technology ODA will be a factor considered to be more important variable in the international political order in which multiple actors such as supranational organizations and social organizations play a role in the multi-layer.

A Study on the Drift of Cybersecurity Law by Element Analysis of Political Gridlock (입법교착 요소로 분석한 사이버안보법 표류에 관한 연구)

  • Bang, Hyu;Kwon, Hun-Yeong
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
    • /
    • v.31 no.4
    • /
    • pp.801-816
    • /
    • 2021
  • This study analyzes the political and legislative progress that although basic acts to establish an integrated system of cybersecurity are steadily being proposed, they have not been passed as legislative deadlocks under the two major parties. It shall be analyzed through Korea's legislative system, including differences in contents and interests of the disposal act, the timing and cycle of election ect. The study analyzes why the basic cybersecurity law was previously scrapped and faced political gridlock situation by analyzing the differences in the contents and interests of the two major parties, and the timing and cycle of the proposed legislation.

An Interpretation of the Insa-dong Landscape from a Social Construction Viewpoint (인사동 경관의 사회 구성론적 해석)

  • Kim, Yun-Geum;Kim, Hai-Gyoung;Choi, Key-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
    • /
    • v.36 no.6
    • /
    • pp.91-101
    • /
    • 2009
  • In this study, the landscape of Insa-dong was interpreted from the viewpoint of a social construction of landscape, which regards the dynamic process of landscape change as more important than landscape visibility. This viewpoint also regards landscape as the result of its interaction with certain actors. From a review of previous studies on the same subject, it was found that the physical environment, institutions, and images are essential factors influencing landscape change. Insa-dong, which was Kwanindaing and Daesadong during the Joseon Dynasty, acquired symbolic meaning as a traditional area during the Japanese colonial period because of its many antique shops and Korean-style buildings. In 1970, the establishment of modern galleries in the district added to its image as a haven of the traditional Korean culture. Insa-dong thus eventually came to be referred to as "the street of traditional culture" by the people of Korea. Thanks to global festivals like the Asian Games, the Olympics, and the World Cup, Insa-dong's reputation as a cultural tourist destination has become stronger as these festivals created a need for a place in Korea where the country's traditional culture can be showcased to foreign tourists. After the mid-1990s, the merchants of Insa-dong began to cash in on the district's image as a showcase of traditional Korean culture due to the economic depression that emerged then. The people of Insa-dong and those outside it, however, came to feel that this trend damaged the district's image. Therefore, the people of Insa-dong and the district's local government started a movement to restore the aesthetic value and symbolic meaning of the district's landscape. This effort induced institutional change. Insa-dong used to be a natural haven of traditional Korean culture. Its landscape has recently been reconstructed so that this image could be restored. This process was made possible by the active interaction of diverse people: merchants, users, administrators, and NGOs.