• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.202-208
• /
• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the food habits, knowledge of nutrition and actual conditions of food ingestion of adolescent middle school students according to questionnaire answers. Questionnaires were completed by 524 students, divided into a healthy group (n=289) and an unhealthy group (n=235) according to clinical signs. Further questions were asked of the two groups in the areas of food habits, knowledge of nutrition and nutritional attitude. The results were as follows: Mean age of all subjects was 14, heights for male and female students were 162.0 em, and 157.2 cm, weights were 53.4 kg, and 49.4, respectively. Heights and weights of male students were greater than those of female students. The body mass index (BMI) for male and female students was 20.3 kg/$m^2$ and 20.0 kg/$m^2$, respectively, and all data were within normal ranges. There were no significant differences in mean age, height, weight, and BMI between the healthy and unhealthy groups. There was no significant difference in body image recognition between the two groups, although the ratio of dissatisfaction with their own body shape was significantly higher in the female unhealthy group (46.1%), than in the female healthy group (33.0%) (p<0.05). In the area of the struggle to control body weight during the previous year, the female unhealthy group (59.4%) was higher than the female healthy group (38.4%) (p<0.01). There was no significant difference in the scores between the two groups in the areas of knowledge of nutrition and the nutritional attitude. Meal frequency and meal patterns were showed that having breakfast less than 4x/week was significantly higher in the female unhealthy group (44.0%), than in the female healthy group (30.7%) (p<0.01). Meal frequency for suppers<4x/week showed that the female unhealthy group (18.8%) was also higher than the female healthy group (10.7%). Therefore, the unhealthy group exhibited a higher pattern of missing both breakfast and supper. The male unhealthy group (16.7%) dined out more frequently than the male healthy group (12.3%) (p<0.01), and female unhealthy group also indulged in snacking significantly more frequently than the female healthy group. The unhealthy group also ate only 1 item for meals more frequently than the healthy group and no significant difference. The conclusion of this study is that adolescent Korean middle school students, who showed a higher incidence of clinical symptoms, representing an unhealthy status, missed breakfast and supper, and dined out and indulged in snacking more frequently. Their quality of breakfast and satisfaction of body image were also lower than the healthy group. These results indicated that there is a high correlation between a Korean adolescent's health status, food habits and body image satisfaction. It is recommended that a more intense program of nutritional education and monitoring be introduce into the current Korean middle-school system in order to optimally support and maximize the health potential of the current population of Korean student.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.53 no.3
• /
• pp.288-302
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the factors related to skipping breakfast in high school girls. Methods: A survey of a total of 581 high school girls residing in Incheon was conducted. The subjects were classified into 2 groups according to the breakfast frequency: "breakfast skipping" group (eating breakfast ≤ 2 times/week, n = 250) and "breakfast eating" group (eating breakfast ≥ 3 times/week, n = 331). This study compared the general characteristics, lifestyles, interest in weight control and beauty care, food habits, the reasons and symptoms of skipping breakfast, as well as the attitude toward breakfast between the 2 groups. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 16.5 years old. Approximately, 33.9%, 33.6%, and 32.5% of the subjects were in first grade, second grade, and third grade, respectively, with no significant difference between the 2 groups. The breakfast skipping group showed a high interest in weight control, and beauty care than the breakfast eating group. The breakfast skipping group consumed more afternoon snacks and late-night snacks, and ate dinner irregularly. Although the breakfast skipping group experienced the negative effects of skipping breakfast, they showed low recognition for the importance or role of breakfast. The most common reason for skipping breakfast was lack of time, which appears to be related to the late wake-up time and the time spent on make-up or beauty-care. Conclusion: Skipping breakfast by high school girls was related to a high interest in beauty care, irregular meals and low attitude toward the importance of breakfast for health and nutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct nutrition education to change the perceptions and attitudes of female adolescents regarding the importance of breakfast by recognizing that breakfast can affect not only balanced nutrition and health, but also healthy physical beauty.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.39 no.8
• /
• pp.817-831
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study is to compare the nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior and food frequency according to the gender and weight control attempt among middle school students in Seoul and Gyunggi-do, Korea. The subjects were divided into three groups, one with experience in attempting to lose their weight, one with experience in attempting to gain their weight and one with no experience in attempting to control their weight. Nutrition knowledge level of girls was higher than that of boys (p<0.01), but there were no significant difference according to weight control attempt. As for the scores of dietary behavior, there were no significant differences by gender but according to weight control attempt, the scores of dietary behavior of the weight loss attempt group were higher than those of the other attempt groups (p<0.01). In the food intake frequency, there were significant differences according to weight control attempt (p<0.05, p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.367-375
• /
• 1995

The difference between self-evaluated obesity and obesity index of RBW and BMI as well as attitude toward weight control were studied among college students in Chungnam area. The subjects of 307 students were randomly selected and asked to categorize their body shape into 5 groups and to record their body weight and height. We found that average RBW and BMI of the students were 95.7% and 20.6, respectively. By RBW, 30.6% of students belonged to underweight and severe-underweight groups whereas 14.0% overweight and obesity ones. The female students showed lower obesity indice than the male. Self-evaluated obesity seemed likely to overestimate their body shapes above RBW and BMI, which lead to high unsatisfactioin toward their body shape. The overestimation was profound in normal weighted female students up to 20%. Misunderstanding about their obesity, especially among female college students, should be corrected necessarily by proper nutrition counseling and nutrition education, unless malnutrition could be serious in college students.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.31-41
• /
• 1988

The purpose of the present study was to test the behavior of dietary life, the preception of body image and the attitude of body weight control of the subjects, and to imagine difference of value evaluation about thirteen foods. the subjects were 570 high school students who were living in Seoul. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. In selecting actual and ideal body sizes from a series of five outline drawings of female figures that ranged form 20% underweight to 20% overweight, 64% of the subjects selected overweight drawing s as their actual sizes, and 85.1% of the subjects selected underweight ones as the ideal sizes. 59.3% of the subjects had a desire to lose weight, 20.8% to gain weight. Those who think they are thinner than standard body weight were more satisfied with their body sizes than those who think they are fatter than that. Most subjects (79.8%) were concerned about their weight control, and the majority of them (36.1%) began to take concerns about it in their high school days, through the conversation with their friends about their body sizes. 2. In this study, thirteen foods were chosen as samples; rice, bread, salad, milk, cola, cider, juice, duck-bok-ki, chocolate, batterfriend foods, chinese noodles, cookies, fruits. Most of them evaluated foods on the basis of the taste. They valued fruits over any other foods as least fattened food, while they thought of such foods as rice, cola, cider, ice-cream, chocolate, batter-fried food, chinese noodles as fattened foods.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.63-83
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate food involvement, dietary behavior and relationship according to the levels of nutrition knowledge. Data in this research was obtained by using the questionnaire which was given out to 528 subjects(boys 182, girls 346) in Naju city area. The awareness of dietary behavior of middle school students put the first priority on breakfast from among 3 meals a day, and they selected 'taste' as the most important criterion. The majority and above of subjects responded that they had ever delivered food at least more than 1 or 2 times a week. This research found that middle school students are tends to regard themselves as being rather close to obesity or fatness. Subjects were also aware that they have some problems with a unbalanced eating habbit and irregular timing of having meals, and more than 40% of the subjects responded that they obtain the most of information about food & dietary behavior through television. Significant difference was found in the food involvement with related variables such as sex, grade, the academic background of mother, self-perception of weight, the way of weight control, perception of problems requiring improvement. Dietary behavior related with variables showed significant difference. Variables are grade, perception of meal importance, selecting standard of food, method of weight control, improvement of eating habits. Dietary behavior is found highly relative with food involvement. Dietary behavior is found highly relative with food involvement. In conclusion, suggestions that could bring motivation to improvement is more essential to the nutrition education rather than knowledge oriented education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.45 no.11
• /
• pp.1649-1657
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body mass index (BMI), dietary intake attitudes, and nutrient intake status according to sugar-containing food intake frequency of 409 college students in Gyeonggi-do. Subjects were categorized into three groups according to sugar-containing food intake frequency: rare intake group (n=113), average intake group (n=195), and frequent intake group (n=101). The average height and weight (P<0.001) of each group were $163.8{\pm}0.11cm$ and $52.9{\pm}8.6kg$, $164.4{\pm}0.1cm$ and $56.2{\pm}6.4kg$, and $167.9{\pm}0.1cm$ and $68.0{\pm}15.7kg$, respectively. The average BMIs of the groups were $19.6{\pm}2.3$, $20.7{\pm}0.8$, and $24.0{\pm}2.7$, respectively (P<0.001). Dietary intake attitude scores of the groups were $30.73{\pm}5.68$, $30.11{\pm}5.51$, and $28.00{\pm}5.31$, respectively (P<0.001). As a result of nutrient intake status, daily averages of energy and carbohydrate intake of the frequent intake group were significantly higher than those of the rare intake group (P<0.05). On the other hand, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin C intakes of the rare intake group were significantly higher than those of the frequent intake group (P<0.05). Using multiple regression analysis, we found that BMI was the most significant variable affecting sugar-containing food intake. Therefore, nutrition education is necessary to improve nutrient intake while considering sugar intake for maintenance of healthy weight.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.110-122
• /
• 2009

Along with the increasing interests of modem-day society toward topics of health and beauty, various studies are being actively conducted on the effects of diet for obesity prevention, and separate from aspects of disease prevention and health promotion. This study aimed to examine individual perceptions of obesity by age, and to prepare basic data for implementing an age-based weight control system, by comparing attitudes toward weight control. The research and analysis were conducted using questionnaires, provided to high school students(teenagers, 189 students), college students(20 or older, 116 students), and adults(30 or over, 88 adults) living in Daegu City. In terms of the respondents' perceptions of obesity, among those who described themselves as overweight, only about 10% were actually proven to be overweight. Also, significantly more female students than male students perceived themselves as overweight, despite the fact that they were in a normal weight range(p<0.007). There was no significant difference in the cause of obesity by gender, but it was found to be attributed to a lack of exercise for teenagers, and poor eating habits for those in their twenties and thirties. Concerning the intention to participate in a weight management class, the female teenagers showed significantly more interest than the male teenagers(p<0.017). Also, with regard to the respondents' attitudes toward weight control, the teenage females showed significantly higher interest in weight control than the teenage males p<0.003 and those in their twenties p<0.001. Moreover, regarding the period in which the respondents became most interested in weight, the teenage male students were most interested in weight during their middle school years and teenage females became most interested during their high school years. Therefore, the information from this study leads us to propose there is a need to correct the suggested reckless dieting that is occurring within an appearance-based society, as well as a need to establish a systematic weight control system, along with gathering subsequent basic data.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.29-45
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate eating behavior and the attitude about weight control of the High School Girls. The questionnaires were completed by 519 girls’ high school students.(lived in city ; 269, in mine region ; 250) The results were as follows: 1. The average stature of them was 159.01${\pm}$5.09cm, the average weight was 51.64${\pm}$6.76kg. 2. In the present body structure of them, the underweight structure was 26.2% the normal weight structure was 58.4% the overweight structure was 15.4%. The present body structure was very different from the recognition of their own body structure. 3. The average point of the eating behavior was 52.07 and that of city(53.62 point) was higher than mine region(50.01 point). 4. The rate of going without breakfast(P<0.05) the frequency of snack(p<0.001) the eating rate of stimulus foods(p<0.05) the interest healthy food life(p<0.05) in two regions showed the significant difference. 5. The point of eating behavior in two regions showed the positive correlation in the economic level, the contentment degree of the present body structure, the conscious healthy condition. But it showed the negative correlation in the rate of going without of breakfast. On observing the difference of the tow regions, it showed the positive correlation to mother’s education career on the negative relation to the experience of the weight control in the city. In the other hand it showed the negative correlation to the recognition on degree of the present body structure in the mine region. 6. The contentment degree of the present body structure showed the negative correlation to the experience of the weight control. Also it showed the negative correlation to the rate of going without breakfast in the city.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.23-31
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate weight control attempts and related factors among 209 middle school female students in Daejeon. Variables examined were body satisfaction, beliefs regarding weight control, body image, nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitudes, dietary behavior and dietary intake. A cross-sectional survey was employed, and data was analyzed using t-test and chi-square teat (at $\alpha$=0.05). The average height, weight, and body fat (%) of subjects were 160.2cm, 52.4kg, and 25.9%, respectively. Those who attempted weight control were 61.7% of the samples, suggesting that weight control was quite popular among adolescents. Students in the weight control attempt group were more satisfied with their body size (p<0.001), and showed more distorted body image than those in the no weight control attempt group (p<0.001). Most of beliefs regarding weight control were also different in the two groups. The attempt group believed more strongly in the advantages of weight control, and believed less strongly in the harmful effects or difficulties associated with weight control. Although there were no differences in nutrition knowledge in the two groups, nutritional attitudes were slightly more favorable in the attempt group (p<0.01). In contrast, eating behaviors, such as those related to caloric intake (p<0.001), body image (p<0.001), and specific situations (p<0.01) were more desirable in the no-attempt group than in the attempt group. In addition, dietary intake of the attempt group was less adequate than that of the no-attempt group for nutrients such as iron (p<0.01), vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C(p<0.05). This study suggests that adolescents who attempt control weight have a more distorted body image and inadequate diet and showed more undesirable eating behaviors. Students should be taught and practice desirable methods of weight control. Educational programs should also include strategies for changing beliefs regarding weight control, as well as modifying diets and eating behaviors.