• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.42 no.12
• /
• pp.1899-1907
• /
• 2013

We investigated the effects of unripe black raspberry water extract (UBR-W) and oxidation-LDL treatment on cholesterol levels. Experiments using an established human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) showed a time-dependent increase in expression of LDL receptor after UBR-W treatment. Expression of LDL receptor-related genes, such as SREBP1 and 2, increased upon UBR-W treatment. However, expression of HDL-related genes was unaffected by UBR-W. HMG-CoA reductase activity was reduced by UBR-W treatment, whereas HMG-CoA mRNA expression significantly increased. In addition, the ApoB/ApoA1 mRNA level, which is a predictor of cardiovascular risk, was reduced in a time-dependent manner by UBR-W treatment. Macrophage-like cells (RAW 264.7) showed increased expression of ox-LDL-related genes, such as CD36, scavenger receptor-A, adipophilin, and PPAR-gamma, upon ox-LDL treatment compared to untreated control cells, and quantitative lipid analysis indicated a dramatic increase in lipid accumulation. However, UBR-W treatment significantly reduced expression of ox-LDL-related genes and largely prevented lipid accumulation. The results indicate that UBR-W mediates a cholesterol-lowering effect via inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and induction of LDL uptake through SREBP.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 1985

Removal of water pollutants by water hyacinth was examined with two nutrients, $NO_3$-N, $PO_4$-P and four heavy metals, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr under laboratory conditions. $NO_3$-N was reduced to 0.7, 0.9 and 1.2 ppm, and 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 ppm in $NO_4$-P from 10, 25 and 50 ppm 3 days after treatment, respectively. Among heavy metals Cu and Pb were removed faster and higher than Cd and Cr and also amount of heavy metals absorbed by water hyacinth was higher in the order of Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd. Distribution of heavy metals in this plant was higher in roots than in leaves and amount absorbed in roots was related to the treated concentrations. The harmful effect on growth of water hyacinth was observed in Cu and Cd.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.46-54
• /
• 1978

In afforestation of denuded forest land soil conditions play a very important role in early growth of cover vegetations. This study was designed for understanding the effect of soil moisture regime on growth and nutrient uptake of some seedlings. Cover vegetations such as Pinus rigida Miller, Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. were planted in pot with the soil transported from denuded forest land in Musu-ri Sannae-Myeon. Daedeog-Kun, Chungnam Province. There were 3 moisture treatments and 4 fertility levels in $P_2O_5$ with 4 replications. Influence on growth was observed by the variation in dry weight and nutrient uptake was studied in nitrogen, phosphate and kalium. Results are as follows: 1. For Pinus rigida seedlings decrease in soil moisture tension increases growth of dry weight and enhance the uptake of kalium. Increase in $P_2O_5$ fertility level tends to decrease the uptake of kalium rather than increase in $P_2O_5$ uptake. 2. In Robinia pseudoacacia increase in soil moisture content stimulates the uptake of nitrogen and kalium. Increase in $P_2O_5$ level enhances the uptake of $P_2O_5$ and increases growth of dry weight. 3. In Lespedeza bicolor increase in soil moisture content has a tendency of decrease in nitrogen uptake. Increase in $P_2O_5$ level increases the growth of dry weight as well as the uptake of $P_2O_5$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
• /
• 2001.12a
• /
• pp.124-124
• /
• 2001

난소화성전분(resistant starch, RS)는 건강한 사람의 소장에서 흡수되지 않는 전분과 분해된 전분의 산물을 총칭하는데. 대장에서 발효와 미생물성장, 식후 혈당, 변부피, 장통과시간, 식품의 열량가 등에 영향을 미치므로 생리적인 이점을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 고지방식이와 콜레스테롤을 섭취란 흰쥐에서 제조과정이 다른 RS의 섭취가 저 열량원으로서 체중감소나 혈액내 지방성분을 낮추는 효과가 있는지를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법으로 실험동물은 생후 4주된 Sprague-Dawl ey계 수컷 흰쥐로, 지방을 식이 무게의 20%, 콜레스테롤이 식이 무게의 1%로 첨가 된 고지방식이로 6주를 사육시켜 비만과 고콜레스테롤증을 유발시켰다. 고콜레스테롤이 유발된 실험동물은 섭취하는 전분의 형태가 다른 실험식이로 4주간을 더 사육하였고 사육기간이 끝난 실험동물들은 희생하여 생화학적인 실험- 혈액과 간의 총지방양, 중성지방양, 콜레스테롤양을 측정하였고, 면역능력으로 비장세포 증식, 혈장내 IgG, $C_3$양을 측정하였고. 혈장내 leptin 양을 측정하였다. 실험결과는 체중과 체내 저장지방무게가 난소화성전분 혼합군(RSNE)에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈장내 지방성분을 보면, 총 지방의 경우 고지방대조군(HC)이 저지방 대조군(LC)에 비래 유의적으로 높았으며, RS를 섭취하면 유의적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보여 저지방을 섭취한 LC군에 비해서 낮은 수치를 나타내고 있다. 혈장 중성지방은 저지방 즉 고 탄수화물식이를 섭취하는 LC군이 유의적으로 높았으며 고지방을 섭취하는 경우는 실험군에 차이가 없었다. 혈장 총 콜레스테롤은 LC군에 비해 고지방과 콜레스테롤을 섭취하는 HC군이 유의적으로 높았으며. RSNE군에서는 유의적인 감소를 보였다. HDL-콜레스테롤에서는 실험군간에 차이가 없었다. 간내 총지방과 콜레스테롤량, 중성지방량은 LC군이 다른 군에 비해 유의적으로 적었으며 고지방섭취군들은 섭취하는 전분의 종류에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 면역능력을담당하는 체내 기관인 비장세포의 중식능력은 실험군간에 유의적인 차이가 없으나 혈장의 Ig G 양은 RSNE군이 유의적으로 높고, $C_3$ 양은 난소화성 전분 추출군(RSEX)에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 혈장에서의 leptin 농도는 고지방 대조군인 HC군이 유의적으로 높았으며, RSNE군이 LC군과 같이 유의적으로 낮았다. 결론으로 난소화성 전분(RS)를 식이무게의 10%로 첨가하는 수준에서 순수한 RS보다는 RS제조과정 중 순수한 RS를 분리하기 전 단계인 RS를 포함한 전분이 체중감소, 체내 저장지방감소, 혈액 내 콜레스테롤을 저하시키는 효과를 보였다. 그러므로 RS의 섭취는 섭취형태에 따라 저 열량원으로, 혈액 내 지방성분을 낮추는 효과를 가진 기능성 식품소재로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2000

Leather processing sludge were amended in sandy loam soil successively to investigate effects on soil properties and radish crop. Total nitrogen concentration of the sludge was $60\;g\;kg^{-1}$, and chromium was $9,048\;mg\;kg^{-1}$. Sludges were treated twice each year for 4 year, and the soils were mixed with sludge to give mixtures equivalent to sludge application rates of 12.5, 25 and $50\;Mg\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ in dry matter. Chemical fertilizers $(N-P-K\;:\;280-59-154\;kg\;ha^{-1})$ used as a control. All treated soils were croped to altari and kimjang radish in spring and fall respectively. Organic matter and Cr content in soils were increased with input rate and years of successive application of leather processing sludge, while phosphorous and potassium contents were decreased. Yields of the first harvested altari grown in sludge treated pots were less than control. In the other hand, yields of the first kimjang radish were more than control in proportion with sludge input rates until third year fall. But in fourth year, all sludge treated pot was much less than control in radish yield. Chromium contents of radish in treated soil increased and Cr contents in leaves of radish were higher than roots. Leather processing sludge was considered a potential hazardous resource to soil and crops when it use continuously, because it has high Cr concentration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.721-724
• /
• 2007

In this study, we examined the effects of Angelica keiskei (AK) in rats, in order to evaluate tissue quercetin concentrations and serum lipid profile changes. Dried AK powder was added to a regular chow at a 5% level, and fed for 8 weeks to male rats. AK significantly lowered serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, while it increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, AK did not influence serum triglyceride levels. Two antioxidant flavonoids present in AK, quercetin and its glycoside isoquercitrin, were detected in the serum and liver of the rat. However, another quercetin glycoside, hyperoside, was not detected in either the serum or liver despite its presence in the diet. These results indicate that AK seems to alter serum lipid concentrations, possibly through the body's absorption of certain quercetin glycosides.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.456-460
• /
• 1998

This research was attempted to prove suppressing effect of medicinal plants on the intestinal absorption of toxic heavy metals. In vitro study was performed by membrane filtration considering intestinal absorption conditions. From drinking water contaminated singly with 10 and 50 times level of water quality standard for heavy metals, the removal ratio of lead was $40{\sim}60%$ by Chicorium intybus, Angelica acutiloba and Ganoderma lucidium. And the removal ratio of cadmium was $20{\sim}40%$. The removal ratio of lead contaminated with both was $30{\sim}50%$ by every sample similarly, the removal ratio of cadmium was $10{\sim}30%$. The removal ratio of Angelica acutiloba was more higher than Chicorium intybus and Ganoderma lucidium. Considering the extraction conditions of samples, $70^{\circ}C$, 2 min conditions were higher than $95^{\circ}C$, 10 min conditions, the removal ratios of heavy metals were similar. And the membrane filter permeated the material under 500 mw selectively, so the final filtrate could regard as passive transport in intestinal absorption. In conclusion, this research exhibited that the medicinal plants beverages have a suppressing effect on intestinal absorption of lead and cadmium in drinking water.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the effects of dietary calcium on blood and tissue lipids of adult rats fed a high fat diet with or without supplemental cholesterol for 4 weeks. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed the experimental diets containing 18%(w/w) beef tallow and three levels of calcium 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.5%. The contents of total lipid, cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in blood, liver, small intestine, aorta, small intestinal contents and feces were determined. Only in rats fed the diets containing 1% cholesterol the concentration of cholesterol in aortic serum and various tissues significantly increased, and then decreased with increasing dietary calcium intake. Another observation was that high Ca intake significantly facilitated the fecal lipid and cholesterol excretion and bowel movement. These results suggest that possible hypocholesterolemic effects of dietary calcium could be related to the hypercholesterolemia and to the increase in excretion of fecal lipid and cholesterol.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 1998

Heavy metal concentrations in rocks and soils from serpentinite(SP) and in plants (Pinus densiflora: PD and Pinus rigida: PR) were examined at Baekdong mine in Hongsung, Chungnam. Parent rocks were compared with amphibole schist(AS) and gneiss(GN) and plants divided the above grounds and roots were examined, respectively. In rocks, Ni, Cr, Co, Fe concentrations in SP were higher than those in AS and GN. The concentrations of top soils had the similar differences to their rocks; especially Ni, Cr, Co, Fe concentrations were the highest in SP, Zn and Sc concentrations, however, were the highest in AS. Average Ni, Cr, Co, Au, As, Sb, W concentrations of PD were the highest in SP and especially Ni, Cr, Co concentrations were accorded with changes of rocks and top soils. Zn and Sc concentrations in AS were higher and Fe and Mo concentrations in GN were higher than those in SP. Compared with two plants in the same serpentinite sites, most elements of PR were higher than those of PD. Therefore, these suggested PR absorbed much heavy metal than PD. Most element concentrations of roots in two plants and three rocks were higher than those of the above ground. Relative ratios (average plant concentration/soil concentration) of Ni, Cr, Co, Zn, Sc, Fe in AS and GN were higher than those of SP. Especially, relative ratios of most elements except Zn in GN were the highest.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.178-183
• /
• 1997

The effect of different relative humidity(RH) of atmosphere on the uptake of calcium by tomato plant was investigated through an experiment in the protected cultivation system. The RH regime was imposed by humidifiying by humidifier in one plot, and by mulching the ridge to cut down the evaporation of water to lower the RH, in another plot. During the course of plant growth, RH in the humidified plot, at noon, was about 70%, while in non-humidufied plot, RH was about 50%. The humidification also resulted in the lowering of temperature significantly(by about, $3.1^{\circ}C$). This higher RH of atmosphere under humidifying treatment, resulted in the increase in the water efflux rate of root significantly(greater by 0.24g/g dry root/h than that under mulching treatment). Relatively severe occurrence of blossom end rot(23%) was observed in the humidifying treatment, while no such symptom occurred in mulching plot. The efflux rates of Ca, K and Mg were found to be higher in the humidifying plot. It was also observed that the concentrations of Ca, Mg and K in the xylem solution was 2-4 times higher than that of gydroponic solution. This suggested that the occurrence of blossom end rot, under high RH of atmosphere, would not be due to the decrease in the uptake of Ca per se, by tomato plant, but due to anomalies in the distribution of it within the plant.