• 정신신체의학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2015

연구 목적 본 연구는 국내 초등학생 및 중학생을 대상으로 직접적 공격성과 관계적 공격성의 성별간 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 방법 946명의 초등학생($9.54{\pm}1.72$세, 남아 485명, 여아 461명)의 경우 부모 보고를 통해 K-CBCL를 시행하였다. 중학생의 경우 603명의 대상자가($13.98{\pm}0.93$세, 남아 301명, 여아 302명) 자가보고를 통해 K-YSR를 시행하였다. 성별간 공격성 차이를 확인하기 위해 독립표본 t 검정 및 교차 분석(chi-square test or Fisher's exact)을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 초등학생의 경우 남학생이 여학생에 비해 유의미하게 직접 공격성의 T-score가 높았으며(p<0.001) 관계 공격성에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p=0.235). 중학생의 경우 직접적 공격성과 관계적 공격성 모두에서 유의미한 차이가 관찰되었는데, 직접 공격성의 경우 남학생이 여학생보다 유의미하게 높았고(p=0.00 ; p<0.000), 관계 공격성의 경우 여학생이 남학생보다 유의미하게 높게 나타났다(p=0.017 ; p<0.001). 결 론 본 연구는 한국의 초등학생 및 중학생에서 성별 간 공격성 하위 요인의 차이가 존재함을 시사하고 있다. 이러한 성별 간 차이가 향후 아동 청소년 공격성의 예방 및 개입 방향 수립에 고려되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.215-262
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• 2021

본고는 김려령 작가의 소설 『완득이』와 『우아한 거짓말』, 이한 감독의 영화 <완득이>와 <우아한 거짓말>을 대상으로 매체 전환 스토리텔링의 변형 과정을 분석하여, 포스트IMF시대 가족해체 및 '개인화'를 둘러싸고 상이한 서사적 대응이 공존하는 트랜스미디어 스토리텔링의 문화 정치적 함의를 고찰하였다. 먼저 트랜스미디어 스토리텔링 개념에 대한 기존 연구를 비판적으로 검토하고, 원작에서 출발한 매체 전환 스토리텔링을 구명(究明)하기 위해 마리-로르 라이언의 서사학적 관점인 '트랜스픽셔낼러티(transfictionality)'를 참조하였다. 소설 『완득이』와 『우아한 거짓말』은 가족해체라는 실존적 조건을 받아들이는 '개인화'의 두 가지 양상을 드러낸다. 소설 『완득이』는 '자기 발견'을 통해 가부장 중심의 가족로망스를 벗어나 친밀한 개인들의 동행과 같은 느슨한 가족 유대를 보여주었다. 소설 『우아한 거짓말』은 철저히 고립된 자신을 발견하는 청소년의 이야기를 통해 '고통의 개인화'를 보여주는 동시에 남겨진 자들의 애도가 불가능함을 서늘하게 그려냈다. 한편, 영화로 전환된 <완득이>와 <우아한 거짓말>은 가족 해체에 직면한 가족 구성원들이 이에 맞서 가족을 재발견하고 복원하는 서사를 보여 주었다. 영화 <완득이>는 다문화 정체성을 통해 가족공동체의 확장을 도모하였고, 영화 <우아한 거짓말>은 남겨진 가족들이 슬픔 속에서도 '자살생존자'로 살아남아 자신들의 애도를 완성하였다. 위 소설의 스토리월드는 청소년 개인의 '자기 발견'에, 영화로 전환된 스토리월드는 '가족을 재발견'하는 데에 무게중심을 두고 있다. 스토리텔링의 변형, 특히 서사구조의 재구성('수정 modification')을 통한 트랜스미디어 스토리텔링은 매체 전환 텍스트들 간의 관계를 '충실한 재현'에서 멀어지게 하는 것은 물론 상반된 주제와 세계관을 보여 주고 있다. 즉 '인물의 등장'이라는 기준점을 제공하되, 원작에서 출발하여 매체를 전이하면서 스토리텔링을 변형시킴으로써 원작으로부터 자유로워지려는 트랜스미디어 스토리텔링은 이질적인 목소리들을 생성하여 다성적 스토리월드로 개방하였다. 가족해체와 개인화를 둘러싸고 불확실성이 증폭하는 포스트IMF시대에, 이와 같은 트랜스미디어 스토리텔링에 의해 생성된 다성적(多聲的) 스토리월드는 개인의 자유/위험과 공동체에의 안주라는 이질적인 욕망을 경험하도록 이끈다. 이는 '횡단, 초월, 변형'을 근간으로 하는 트랜스미디어 스토리텔링의 문화정치적 함의라할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.388-397
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the use of heated tobacco products (HTP) and suicidal behaviors such as suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts among adolescents in South Korea. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design. Data was from the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) performed in 2019 by the Ministry of Education, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and Korean Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Heated tobacco product use was used as a main independent variable and suicide-related behaviors such as suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts were applied as dependent variables. Out of 60,100 students, 57,303 responded. Results: HTP use significantly increased the odds of a suicide attempt and suicide planning among adolescents. After controlling for confounders, when comparing 'current HTP users' with 'never HTP users', the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.78 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38-2.30) for suicide attempts among adolescents. After controlling the confounders, comparing 'current HTP users' with 'never HTP users', the adjusted OR was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.06-1.73) for suicide planning among adolescents. For sadness/despair among adolescents, when comparing 'current HTP users' with 'never HTP users', the adjusted OR was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.11-1.50). However, HTP use had no significant association with suicidal ideation among adolescents. Conclusions: Current HTP users were more likely to attempt to commit suicide, and more likely to plan to commit suicide than never HTP users among adolescents. These results may be useful in developing a scientific basis for designing suicide prevention programs targeting adolescents.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the association between consuming high-caffeine energy drinks and suicidal ideation in Korean adolescents. Methods: This study used data drawn from the 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web_Based Survey. The data of 66,068 students in total (33,374 middle school students and 32,694 high school students) were included in the analysis. The $x^2$ test, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were conducted with the use of SAS 9.3. Results: Adjusted for the variables associated with suicidal ideation, multivariate logistic regression revealed that consuming highly caffeinated energy drinks had a significant effect on suicidal ideation (middle school students, 1~2 times per week: OR=1.24, 3~4 times per week: OR=1.88, 5~6 times per week: OR=2.20, everyday: OR=2.66, high school students, 1~2 times per week: OR=1.26, 3~4 times per week: OR=1.84, 5~6 times per week: OR=2.42, everyday: OR=3.89). Conclusion: This study strongly suggests adolescents be provided with health education and information about consuming an adequate amount of high-caffeine energy drink and the drink's side effects. In addition, regulations and polices on high-caffeine drink intake should be implemented.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.214-221
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to assess the association of internet addiction and depression, stress and suicidal ideation among adolescents. Methods: The authors have surveyed 2 middle schools and 2 high schools located in Seoul and analyzed 525 questionnaires. The questionnaire included the Internet Addiction Self Diagnosis Index (K-index), Child Depression Index (CDI), Stress Index and Reynold's Suicidal Ideation Index. Structural equational model analysis was done to explore the association between internet addiction and suicidal ideation. Results: The adolescent internet addiction groups were classified as the high risk group 12 (2.3%), the potential risk group 64 (12.2%) and the normal group 449 (85.5%). When classified according to sex, the high risk group is consisted of 8 (3.9%) boys, 4 (1.3%) girls and the potential risk group is consisted of 41 (64.1%) boys and 23 (35.9%) girls which leads to the conclusion that boys are relatively more addicted compared with girls. The group with more addiction showed higher depression scores, stress scores and suicidal ideation scores. The correlation analysis showed the significant relations between internet addiction and depression (r=0.263), stress (r=0.265) and suicidal ideation (r=0.284). According to the structural equation model analysis, internet addiction had direct effects on the depression and indirect effects on suicidal ideation. Stress had the significant direct effects on both internet addiction and depression. Depression had a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Internet addiction affects directly and indirectly an depression and suicidal ideation among adolescent.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.100-108
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of clinical art therapy programs utilized at schools on adolescents' suicidal thoughts and stress relief and to validate their effectiveness as a type of adolescent suicide prevention program. Methods: 12 sessions of clinical art therapy for youth suicide prevention were provided, once a week for 90 minutes, for 20 students at five middle schools in Seoul who were at high risk of committing suicide. By using the paired sample t-test, the study presented qualitative data on the analysis of pre- and post- questionnaires and on the subjects' EEG test and saliva test. Results: First, through the clinical art therapy program, the subjects' happiness index improved significantly while their scores of depression and suicidal ideation (suicidal thoughts) decreased. Second, in the EEG and saliva test conducted after the art therapy sessions, emotional stability increased and stress was reduced significantly. Third, according to the results of pre- and post- K-HTP tests and individual activities, the subjects started to recognize the seriousness of suicide and show emotional stability and positive changes in overall attitudes, valuing the rights and life of their own 'precious selves' (self respect). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the clinical art therapy program is significantly effective at preventing suicidal ideation by reducing suicidal impulses and depression, by increasing the happiness index, which can serve as a protective factor against suicide, and by increasing emotional stability while reducing stress. Based on the results, there is a need to develop policy measures regarding art therapy programs which can be utilized at schools.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.147-158
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aims to examine the association of depression, suicidal behaviors with smartphone use behaviors among Korean adolescents. Methods: We analyzed data from 'Youth Health and Life Skills Survey' in 2013. The survey was based on self-reported questionnaires distributed to 915 grade 7th and 8th students at four middle schools in Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea in 2013 to evaluate the effects of 'Youth Health and Life Skills' program. Depression and suicidal behaviors were measured in terms of the experience rate, and smartphone use behaviors were measured with average hours of smartphone use a day and overindulged behaviors in smartphone use by using 5-point Likert scales. We examined the association of depression and suicidal behaviors with smartphone use behaviors by using t-test and regression analyses. Results: 21.5% of respondents have ever felt depressed or hopeless to lose interest in school life almost everyday for 2 weeks or longer in the past year. The experience rate of suicidal ideation, suicide plan, and suicidal attempt were 21.1%, 6.1%, and 5.7%, respectively. The mean of average hours of smartphone use a day was 3.9 hours, and the mean score of overindulged behaviors in smartphone use was 2.99. The students who have experienced depression and suicidal behaviors were more likely to have more smartphone using time and higher scores of overindulged behaviors in smartphne use than those who have not. Conclusion: We concluded that for preventing addictive or problematic smartphone use behaviors among adolescents we should consider and develop more positive strategies for the moderate use of smartphone than regulatory measures, which include the implementation of skill-based health education program including life skills at schools and the development of smartphone applications useful for resolving mental stress and promoting mental health.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.168-176
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined influence of the frequency and the intensity of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts in Korean high school students. Methods: This cross sectional study used secondary data from the 2014 Adolescent Health Behavior Online Survey. A total of 35,094 high school students were included in the study. The study set up two categories for the frequency of smoking - intermittent and daily - and another two for the intensity of smoking - heavy and light. Complex samples logistic regression was used to analyze the combined influence of smoking frequency and intensity on suicidal ideation and attempts. Results: Regardless of frequency and intensity, smoking was more likely to increase suicidal ideation and attempts than non-smoking. Among smokers, intermittent heavy smokers (suicidal ideation: Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.406, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.015~2.161, p=.012; suicidal attempts: AOR: 2.977, 95% CI: 1.814~4.886, p<.001) or daily heavy smokers (suicidal ideation: AOR: 1.274, 95% CI: 1.017~1.596, p=.035; suicidal attempts: AOR: 1.717, 95% CI: 1.250~2.359, p=.001) had significantly higher odds of suicidal ideation and attempts than intermittent light smokers. Conclusion: Based on the results, smoking prevention and cessation are essential to preventing suicides in adolescents. Especially, smoking intervention programs are needed to reduce smoking intensity in smokers.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of sleep duration on suicidal ideation in Korean adolescents. Methods: This study used the data drawn from Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey in 2013. A total data of 63,301 adolescents were included in the analysis. Included variables were general characteristics, health status variables, hours of sleep, and suicidal ideation. For sample description weighted percentage and means were used. Rao-Scott ${\chi}^2$ test and simple and multiple logistic regression with dummy variables were conducted with use of SAS 9.2. Results: Among general characteristics and health status variables, gender, grade, school level, school achievement, family's economic status, living with parents, subjective health, happiness, stress, and feeling of despair were found to be significantly related to suicidal ideation. Rates of having suicidal ideation were 22.4% in the case of students with less than 5 hours of sleep and 12.9% in students with 8 or more hours of sleep. After controlling general characteristics and subjectively perceived variables, hours of sleep was still significantly related to suicidal ideation. That is, compared to adolescents with 8 hours or more of sleep, those with less than 5 hours of sleep showed significantly higher risk for having suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio: 1.20, p<.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that short sleep has negative effects on psychological health in adolescents. Particularly, less than 5 hours of sleep has harmful effect on adolescents' increased risk for having suicidal ideation.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2014

Purpose: Smoking is one of the most important global health issues. This study aims to investigate how smoking behavior and the amount of smoking affect the youth's suicidal ideation. Methods: This study utilized the data of the Sixth Online Survey on Youth's Health Behavior. The subjects of the study were 73,238 middle school and high school students. Collected data were analyzed using SAS 9.3. The relationship between general characteristics and suicidal ideation among smokers and nonsmokers was analyzed through the ${\chi}^2$-test. Also, a multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate how smoking behavior and the amount of smoking affect suicidal ideation. Results: According to the study, adolescent smoking and suicidal ideation had a statistically meaningful relationship. In terms of suicidal ideation, those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes everyday had 1.81times higher odds ratio (95% CI 1.49~2.20) and those smoking 10~19 cigarettes everyday had 1.29times higher odds ratio (95% CI 1.13~1.48) than nonsmokers. Both of the results were found statistically significant. Conclusion: With regard to smoking adolescents, smoking behavior and the amount of smoking affect their suicidal ideation in a statistically meaningful manner. Current smokers are proven to have more suicidal ideation than nonsmokers. In addition, the study shows that the more a person smokes in a daily basis, the more suicidal ideation he/she has. The author recommends this result be utilized as basic data for the prevention of smoking among the Korean youth.