• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate difference of the muscle activation patterns of the upper body during wheelchair cycle ramps ascent of different slopes for disabled with spinal cord injury. Three subjects who is disabled with spinal cord injury participated in this study. Surface electromyography (EMG) data (reaction time [RT], onset-offset time, and peak value of muscle activation) were collected biceps, triceps, upper trapezius, anterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi, and upper rectus abdominal muscles during wheelchair cycle ramps ascent ($0^{\circ}$, $3^{\circ}$, and $6^{\circ}$). For latissimus dorsi muscle, RT and peak value of muscle activation was were increased and offset time was delayed as the slope increased (p < 0.05). These results indicate that wheelchair cycle ramps ascent might cause excessive overuse of latissimus dorsi muscle.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2022

This study is to encourage physical activity and exercise in people with spinal cord disabilities so that they can have a positive effect on health outcomes. Current evidence shows that IT-based muscle strength and muscle endurance, cardiopulmonary exercise, electrical stimulation exercise, and robot exercise can all improve physical components, reduce the risk of secondary health complications, and have a positive impact on the overall health of people with chronic physical disabilities. To improve muscle strength and muscle endurance, exercise frequency should be conducted twice and three sets a week, <5 Reps to improve muscle strength, general strength should be repeated 6 to 15 times, and 15 to 30 times to improve muscle endurance. In order to improve cardiopulmonary ability, it should be conducted 3-5 times a week, 20-60 minutes, and 50-80% of the maximum heart rate. Therefore, higher resource investment is needed to realize various IT-based exercise benefits and access professional equipment, facilities and trainers.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.90-98
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• 2003

Purpose : A new virtual simulation technique for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) that uses a CT-simulator was developed to improve the accuracy of field and shielding placement as well as patient positioning. Materials and Methods : A CT simulator (CT-SIM) and a 3-D conformal radiation treatment planning system (3D-CRT) were used to develop CSI. The head and neck were immobilized with a thermoplastic mask while the rest of the body was immobilized with a Vac-Loc. A volumetric image was then obtained with the CT simulator. In order to improve the reproducibility of the setup, datum lines and points were marked on the head and body. Virtual fluoroscopy was performed with the removal of visual obstacles, such as the treatment table or immobilization devices. After virtual simulation, the treatment isocenters of each field were marked on the body and on the immobilization devices at the conventional simulation room. Each treatment fields was confirmed by comparing the fluoroscopy images with the digitally reconstructed radiography (DRR) and digitally composited radiography (DCR) images from virtual simulation. Port verification films from the first treatment were also compared with the DRR/DCR images for geometric verification. Results : We successfully performed virtual simulations on 11 CSI patients by CT-SIM. It took less than 20 minutes to affix the immobilization devices and to obtain the volumetric images of the entire body. In the absence of the patient, virtual simulation of all fields took 20 min. The DRRs were in agreement with simulation films to within 5 mm. This not only reducee inconveniences to the patients, but also eliminated position-shift variables attendant during the long conventional simulation process. In addition, by obtaining CT volumetric image, critical organs, such as the eyes and the spinal cord, were better defined, and the accuracy of the port designs and shielding was improved. Differences between the DRRs and the portal films were less than 3 m in the vertebral contour. Conclusion : Our analysis showed that CT simulation of craniospinal fields was accurate. In addition, CT simulation reduced the duration of the patient's immobility. During the planning process. This technique can improve accuracy in field placement and shielding by using three-dimensional CT-aided localization of critical and target structures. Overall, it has improved staff efficiency and resource utilization by standard protocol for craniospinal irradiation.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 1999

Sexual life is one of the most important things for the quality of living, which nobody can ignore. Especially, spinal cord injury is one of the most typical disabilities, which can cause abrupt changes of sexuality. Hence, sexual adjustment and its subordinate problems have to be dealt with among various problems caused by spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to comparative sexual interest and adjustment between the married and the unmarried people with SCI. A total of 134 persons who were registered members of SCI organization and admitted rehabilitation unit between February and June 1999 were included in the study. The sample consisted of 69 unmarried and 64 married people with SCI. Participants answered the 15 items concerning sexual interest, sexual adjustment. The results are as follows: 1) The mean score of sexual interest for the unmarried was 16.4. From seven topics related to sexuality, the greatest interest was to cope emotionally with changes in sexual functioning. For the married, mean score of sexual interest was 13.8 and the greatest interest was to help a partner cope emotionally with limitation on sexual dysfunction. There were significant difference sexual interest between two groups (t=3.75, p= .00). 2) Each mean score for sexual adjustment in the married and the unmarried was 20.0, 19.6. There were no significance difference sexual interest between two groups (t=.24, p= .811). However, there was a statistically significant difference of sexual interest. 3) Sexual interests and adjustments are not correlated in case of the unmarried that have r score= .224, while they are corrlated in case of the married that have r= .398. Because the average age of the SCI becomes lower and lower, sexual rehabilitation programs should be given the unmarried as well as the married with SCI. In conclusion, the spinal injured's major concerns about their sexual life are different between the married and the unmarried-the unmarried are interested in practical problems such as methods and techniques to achieve sexual satisfaction and their fertility, while the married give priority to considerations about their spouse. Paying attention to different sexual interest according to marital status, we should make two different sexual rehabilitation programs for each group. One program including support groups with their sposes for the married, the other program to give a chance t o solve problems of sexuality for the unmarried with SCI.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2016

In the era of ultra high speed information communication technology represented by Smart phone and Tablet PC, the disable and the aged people came to be in a position of so-called 'relatively weak people' in the field of information communication due to inconvenience of use and difference in information acquisition and processing ability. Thus, a survey was conducted on Smart phone accessibility items based on previous studies of the disabled with crippled disorder, brain lesions, myelopathy and muscular disabilities having more inconvenience relatively in their use of smart phone due to upper limb dysfunctions. Especially, people with upper limb dysfunctions with relatively weak grip had big inconvenience in the conditions of uses requiring actions such as grabbing and rotating the devices, and due to the characteristics of touch screen input method of Smart phone, they had big inconvenience due to a lack of a guidance for keyboard in input. As a result of questionnaires by the type of disability, it turned out that severe myelopathy causes the most inconvenience in using smart phone.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 1997

Purpose : To evaluate the efficacy of combined treatment of surgery and chemoradiotherapy for supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (SPNET) and obtain the Prognostic factors and complications Materials and Methods .The a9e of 18 patients ranged from 1 to 27 years (median=5 years). There were 12 males and 6 females The extents of surgery were gross total (n:9), subtotal (n:8), biopsy only (n: 1). Craniospinal radiotherapy was delivered to all the patients except 2 patients who were treated only with the whole brain and primary lesion. Radiation dose were 3120-5800cGy (median=5460) to primary mass, 1500-4200cGy (median=3600cGy) to the whole brain and 1320-3600cGy (median= 2400 cGy) to the spinal axis. Chemotherapy was done in 13 patients. Median follow-up period was 45 months ranged from 1 to 89 months. Results : Patterns of failure were as follows; local recurrence (1), multiple intracranial recurrence (2), spinal seeding (3), craniospinal seeding (2) and multiple bone metastasis (1). Two of two patients who did not received craniospinal radiotherapy failed at spinal area. All the relapsed cases died at 1 to 13 months after diagnosis of progression. The 2- and 5-rear overall survival rates were $61\%\;and\;49\%$, respectively The a9e, sex, tumor location did not influence the survival but aggressive resection with combined chemotherapy showed better outcome. Among 9 survivors, complications were detected as radiation necrosis (n=1), hypopituitarism (n=2), cognitive defect(n=1), memory deficit (n=1), growth retardation (n=1). Conclusion : To improve the results of treatment of SPNET, maximal surgical resection followed by radiation therapy and chemotherapy is necessary. The extended radiation field including craniospinal axis may reduce the recurrence in spinal axis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1651-1657
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• 2009

Physical activity and exercise can promote sensorimotor recovery from central nerve injury. It has been suggested that the functional recovery promoted by exercise training after spinal cord injury might be associated with insulin-like growth factor-I in the inflicted muscle. To investigate morphological and biochemical change of the soleus muscle after spinal cord injury, all tissues were used for H&E, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. Also, BBB-test was used to evaluate behavioral improvement after spinal cord contusion. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats ($230{\pm}10\;g$; 7week in age) were assigned equally to three different groups; Normal (n=10), SCI (n=10), SCI+TMT (n=10). Every rat in SCI and SCI+TMT groups underwent laminectomy at T9 level and then contusion on the exposed spinal cord site in anesthetized condition. After one week-recovery from contusion, every rat in the SCI+TMT group exercised on a motorized treadmill for 30min/d, 5d/wk for 7wks. TMT followed by injury increased IGF-I induction levels in the soleus muscle and inhibited muscle atrophy. Behavioral scales for 4 and 8 weeks after spinal cord injury were improved in the SCI+TMT group compared to the SCI group. These results suggest that treadmill exercise after spinal cord injury might promote functional recovery along with muscle regrowth through the up-regulation of IGF-1 in muscle tissue.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.40-45
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 사지마비 장애인이 활용할 수 있는 동작을 이용하여 마우스, 문자 입력, 전동휠체어 제어 등에 활용될 수 있는 인터페이스 기술을 개발하였다. 사지마비 장애인이 활용 가능하면서도 착용이 쉽고 데이터 처리가 용이한 동작으로서 이물기 동작을 제안하였다. 좌측, 우측 및 양측 이물기 동작 및 이물기 시간의 조절을 통해 사지마비 장애인의 경우에도 다양한 명령어 형성이 가능하다. 이때, 이물기 동작의 인식은 관자놀이 부근에 위치한 관자근에서의 근전도 신호를 이용하였다. 본 연구에서는 데이터를 획득하여 전송하고 처리하기 위한 하드웨어와 소프트웨어를 함께, 전동휠체어 제어를 위한 응용 시스템도 개발하였다. 또한 개발된 시스템을 사지마비 장애인에게 적용하여 그 효용성을 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• spring
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• pp.111-114
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• 2000

척수 손상에 의한 사지마비 중증 장애인이 일상 생활을 함에 있어서 가족이나 주변인의 도움을 받지 않고서는 가전제품의 작동이나 전화 통화 등과 같은 작은 일 조차 스스로 할 수 없는 현실에서 국내 여건에 적합한 생활환경 제어장치의 개발이 필요하나 현재 이를 위한 마땅한 제어장치가 없는 실정이다. 각 가정에 널리 보급되어 있는 PC를 활용할 수 있도록 PC기반의 음성인식기를 개발하고 이를 응용한 가전제품 제어기를 개발, 제작하여 사지마비 환자 스스로 간단한 동작만으로 환자와 가족의 신체적, 정신적 부담을 감소 하고자 한다 이장치는 음성인식기 부분과 제어장치 부분 그리고 I/O 인터페이스 부분으로 구성 되어있다. 중증장애인은 이 장치를 사용하여 일상생활에서 기본적인 자유로운 생활의 영위를 도모하며 환자 가족의 부담을 줄일 수 있으며 환자와 가족 모두 심리적인 만족을 얻은 것으로 나타난다. 그러나 기기 사용을 위한 환자의 음성인식을 위한 언어학습과정의 불편함과 인식에러의 과제가 남아있다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.607-611
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• 2010

Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare disease diagnosed by specific clinical features such as 'progressive, relatively symmetric external ophthalmoplegia and ataxia by 4 weeks' and 'disturbance of consciousness or hyperreflexia' after the exclusion of other diseases involving the brain stem. Anti-ganglioside antibodies (GM, GD and GQ) in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are sometimes informative for the diagnosis of BBE because of the rarity of positive findings in other diagnositic methods: brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), routine CSF examination, motor nerve conduction study, and needle electromyography. We report a rare case of childhood BBE with elevated anti-GM1 antibodies in the serum, who had specific clinical symptoms such as a cranial polyneuropathy presenting as ophthalmoplegia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and facial weakness; progressive motor weakness; altered mental status; and ataxia. However, the brain MRI, routine CSF examination, nerve conduction studies, electromyography, somatosensory evoked potentials, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials were normal. BBE was suspected and the patient was successfully treated with intravenous immunoglobulins.