• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.141-145
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• 1982

In order to determine the possibility of reducing rice injury caused by CNP and butachlor application, the effects of IAA seed presoaking on CNP and butachlor action against early growth of rice seedlings were investigated under flooded direct-seeding and dry-seeded conditions. CNP and butachlor injury to rice was reduced by soaking rice seeds at 0.1, 1.0 and 10ppm of IAA solution for 36 hours before seeding under flooded condition and thus shoot length and dry weight of rice seedlings increased compared with those of IAA untreated seedlings. IAA seed pretreatment also overcame the inhibitory effect of CNP and butachlor under dry-seeded condition. Effect on reducing rice injury by IAA pretreatment was more remarkable when CNP applied under dry seeded condition and butachlor under flooded condition.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2001

This study deals with shear strength test for Pinus densiflora and Pinus radiata treated at above $100^{\circ}C$ by heat steam. Treatment conditions of this experiment were operated at regular intervals of $20^{\circ}C$ at temperatures up to $200^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 20 and 30 minutes by using the steam-explosion apparatus. It was examined, at high temperatures, degradation of some compounds from wood composition could lead to reduced the shear strength through heat steaming processes and play a large part in the plastic process of solid wood materials. It could be estimated that the shear strength of woods were gradually reduced by heat steaming time. Remarkable reduction of shear strength of woods was observed with increasing steaming temperatures above 10 minutes steaming time. Furthermore, this phenomenon shows a tendency to increase with higher temperatures. Therefore, it was considered that the softening by steaming treatment at high temperatures is necessary for the improvement on the wood processing ability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2003

This research was carried out for searching the treatment conditions of organic acid and heating to prepare oligomers from the carrageenan. The applied treatments were autoclaving, micraowaving, and ultrasonicating with acetate, citrate, lactate, malate, and succinate. Among several physical depolymerization methods, auo-claving treatment was the most effective for hydrolyzing the carrageenan to low molecular compounds such as oligosaccharides. Citrate or malate was the most effective catalyst in hydrolyzing carrageenan to some oligo-saccharides among 5~7 different organic acids. An acceptable autoclaving condition for hydrolyzing carrageenan to oligosaccharides was to treat for 120 min at 110~12$0^{\circ}C$. The maximum depolymerization ratio produced by autoclaving was about 23.0%. The depolymerized carrageenan prepared by autoclaving at 12$0^{\circ}C$ had oligo-saccharides of 5~7 species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1998

Because Lysimachia mauritiana is not able to maintain the seed viablity for a long time, it has difficulties in using for the ornamental plants or landscape gardening. This study was conducted to elucidate the optimal germination conditions of Lysimachia mauritiana seeds. The germination rate of the seeds was higer in light condition than in dark one. In experment determining the proper germination temperature, the germination rates were 2.2%, 96.9% and 91.2% under 35$\circ $C, 25$\circ $C, and 20$\circ $C, respectively in light condition. The approprate temperature for the germination was 25$\circ $C in light. The decreases of germination rate with the increase of the preservation periods was able to recover by priming pretreated with NaCl solution and KNO$_{3}$ + K$_{3}$H$_{2}$PO mixed solutions. When the storage period was 300 days, the germination rate was 75% without priming treatments. But the seeds primed with NaCl 0.1M and KNO$_{3}$ + K$_{3}$H$_{2}$PO mixed solutions 0.1M, showed germination rate above 90%. T$_{50}$ also was shorten from 5.25 without priming to 3.78 with NaCl 0.1M. Seed priming may induce earlier sprouts and increase germination rate of long-preserved seeds of native wild plants.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.156-164
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• 2004

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the application of green manure in the form of either green barley and Chinese milkvetch in reducing the amounts of N fertilizers and conventional fertilizers needed for paddy rice. Prior to rice transplanting, the green barley and Chinese milkvetch as a green manure produced respectively $668kg\;10a^{-1}$ and 3,492kg\;$10a^{-1}$ in fresh shoot weight basis. Calculated nitrogen content from harvested green manures was 3.9 and $17.8kg\;10a^{-1}$, respectively. Plant height and tiller number of rice increased when two kinds of green manure incorporated into soil. Above mentioned parameters also increased with increasing amounts of N fertilizers at both ear formation and heading stage of rice. Rice grain number was not affected by green manures treatment but increased when N fertilizers were applied. Although rice panicle and grain number increased with green manure treatments and fertilizer applications, whereas the percentage of ripened grain decreased. Chinese milkvetch with additional N fertilizer applications increased brown rice yield from 1 to 5% compared to rice yields in plots where non-green manure with the conventional amount of fertilizer application was applied. Rice treated with Chinese milkvetch and 30% of the conventional N fertilizer rate yielded the same as rice fertilized conventionally. During the rice growing season, $NH_4-N$ content of paddy soil was higher in green manures treatment than non-green manure one. Average $NH_4-N$ content in paddy soil drastically decreased after heading stage below $5.7mg\;kg^{-1}$ in non-green manure treated plots. While on the other, $NH_4-N$ content in soil slowly decreased in plots those were treated with green manures at harvesting stage, average $NH_4-N$ content was still greater than $5.5mg\;kg^{-1}$. Nitrogen content of rice shoot and brown rice seed was higher in green manure treatment.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.18D no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2011

Refactoring has been actively used in recent software developments. Many studies on the processing of more large scaled composite refactorings have been conducted through the composition of elementary refactorings. It is important to verify the possibility of composition before the refactoring is performed, because the composite refactorings are processed to the sequence of composed elementary refactorings. In conventional studies, they verify the possibility of composition using the precondition of composite refactorings which are computed from the precondition and postcondition of elementary refactorings. They can not verify the possibility of composition in case which composite refactorings do not have a specification of precondition. Thus, we plan to verify the possibility of composition by using the elementary refactorings only without any additional definitions of the preconditions of composite refactorings. To achieve this goal, we proposes a specification method of elementary refactorings and a method for the composition check of refactorings. Then, we develop a prototype tool based on these methods. In addition, we verify the efficiency of our methods through case studies.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.673-676
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• 1998

Preparative conditions of high-gel strength agar from Gelidium amansii have been studied, The effect of NaOH pretreatment on the quality and yields of agar extracted from Gelidium amansli was examined. The Bel strength of agar extracted from C. amansii pretreated with NaOH was higher than that of agar extracted from G. amansii non-pretreated with NaOH. The gel strength of agar extracted from G. amansii was influenced by concentration, temperature and time of pretreatment with NaOH. It was found that the proper concentration, temperature and time of NaOH pretreatment to produce high-gel strength agar was $6\%$ NaOH, $80^{\circ}C$ and 2$\~$3 hrs. The principal sugars of agar extracted from G. amansli were galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.462-472
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• 1999

능동적 시간지원 데이터베이스 시스템은 시간지원 데이터베이스 시스템에 능동규칙 시스템을 통합하여 구성한 진보된 데이터베이스 시스템이다. 이 시스템은 추세 분석, 상태 관찰을 통한 경보,고장에 대한 예측, 금융 시스템 및 공정 제어 등과같은 고도의 응용에 효과적으로 대응할수 있다. 그러나 능동적 시간지원 데이터베이스 시스템은 시간 차원을 갖는 다차원 데이터공간에 대해 처리해야 하므로 그 처리비용이 매우 높으며, 규칙 처리에 의한 시스템 부하가 매우 증가할 수 있다. 따라서 효과적 규칙 처리방법에 대한 연구가 수행되어야 한다. 한편 규칙의 성능에 대한 문제는 일반적으로 조건 평가 방법의 효율성에 달려있다. 특히 데이터의 시간차원을 고려한 시간지원 능동규칙의 경우 시간 영역에 따라 규칙에 의해 처리되어야 할 데이터 량의 증가하고 이에 다라 성능의 차이가 많이 나므로 더욱 문제가 된다. 따라서 이 논문에서는 능동적 시간지원 데이터베이스 시스템을 위한 시간지원 능동규칙의 성능향상을 위해 조건 평가를 검토하고 시간지원 차분에 의한 시간지원 점진적 평가연산을 제시하였다. 아울러 이 시간지원 점진적 연산자를 적용한 조건 평가 예를 보이고 이 연산자의 효율성을 증명하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.1667-1670
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• 2012

대용량 인사데이터를 통합적으로 처리하기 위한 인적자원관리시스템(Human Resource Manager System)이나 ERP 등이 기업의 IT 환경에 보편적으로 적용되며 활용되고 있다. 그러나 기본적으로 인적 자원(Human Resource)의 막대한 데이터의 정보로부터 기업의 여러 조직단위의 통합 정산관리를 기존 방식의 인사급여 정산시스템으로는 다중적이고 다양한 조건과 사용자가 요구하는 각종 기능성 및 제한적 규칙 등으로 요구되는 사항을 충족시키며 처리하기에는 근본적인 한계를 갖고 있다. 그러므로 정보 시스템 구축은 통합적인 적용부분과 그리고 단계적인 조건들의 다중 지원이 선행되어야 한다. 본 논문은 이러한 복잡하고 다중적인 기준에 따른 조건들의 연관관계와 관련데이터를 효과적으로 처리할 수 있게 하는 방안으로 객체지향적 분석과 설계를 이용하여 세부기능들을 모듈화하였다. 또한 다양한 업무프로세스 변화에 유연하게 적용시킬 수 있는 방안을 구현하여, 사용자의 운영과 활용방안 측면으로 효율적인 구축 방안을 제시한다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2017

In this study, we tried to establish the best method for fresh blueberry beverage production using enzyme treatment as well as low temperature extraction. During extraction of physiologically functional materials, we used low temperature to prevent nutritional loss by heat. In addition, we investigated optimal blueberry extraction conditions using various enzyme treatments (cellulase, pectinase, cellulase:pectinase (1:1) mixture) to increase extraction efficiency and reduce turbidity. A variety and ratio of enzymes, extraction temperature, extraction time, and shaking speed were considered for the best extraction efficiency rate. We observed high extraction efficiency rates of 85.72-86.55% and 87.06-87.93%, respectively, upon cellulase or pectinase treatment. In addition, a mixture of cellulase:pectinase (1:1) showed an extraction efficiency rate of 86.84-88.14%. The best extraction efficiency rate was observed when crude blueberry was treated at $45^{\circ}C$ (87.91%), for 3 h (87.88%), in a 90 rpm shaker (89.19%). Sugar content and acidity of blueberry extract were not affected by the various treatments. However, total phenolic compounds were detected upon pectinase treatment (18.62 mg/g). Only fructose and glucose as free sugars were found in all samples regardless of treatments and extraction conditions.