• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.588-589
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• 2023

챗 GPT 는 음성 혹은 문자로 사람과 대화할 수 있는 컴퓨터 프로그램인 챗봇(ChatBot) 중 하나이다. 최근 챗 GPT 의 사용자가 급격히 증가하면서 다양한 문제점과 한계가 발견되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 챗 GPT 를 활용 시 발생하는 문제와 한계에 대하여 살펴본다. 챗 GPT 의 문제점에는 챗 GPT 로 악성코드를 작성하는 사이버 범죄, 개인정보 침해 문제, 챗 GPT 로 과제 작성, 타인에게 챗 GPT 와 대화한 내용이 보이는 보안의 취약점이 발견되는 등이 있다. 챗 GPT 의 한계로는 실시간 학습 불가, 아는 것과 모르는 것의 구분 불가, 저작권 침해와 편향성과 같은 것이 있다. 본 논문이 챗 GPT 의 해결 가능한 문제를 신속하게 해결하고 남아있는 한계에 대한 잠재적인 해결책을 파악하는 데 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1038-1056
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• 2023

This study investigates the effects of ChatGPT's quality characteristics (service and information) on purchase intention and word of mouth intention. We distributed questionnaires among domestic men and women aged in their 20s and 30s who had experience of using ChatGPT. A total of 222 responses were subjected to frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis using the IBM SPSS statistical program version 26. The major findings were as follows: (1) The factors of service quality were categorized as Tangibility, Reliability, Empathy, and Assurance, while the factors of information quality were categorized as Recency, Accuracy, and Usefulness. (2) Among the service quality factors of ChatGPT, two factors (Reliability and Empathy) significantly impacted purchase intention, and three factors (Tangibility, Reliability, and Empathy) significantly affected word of mouth intention. (3) Among ChatGPT's information quality factors, two factors (Usefulness and Recency) had a significant effect on purchase intention, and two factors (Usefulness and Accuracy) exerted a significant influence on word of mouth intention. (4) Purchase intention had a significant effect on word of mouth intention.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.147-159
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• 2023

Recently, Chat GPT artificial intelligence (AI) is of keen interest to all governments, companies, and military sectors around the world. In the existing era of literacy AI, it has entered an era in which communication with humans is possible with generative AI that creates words, writings, and pictures. Due to the complexity of the current laws and ordinances issued during the recent national crisis in Korea and the ambiguity of the timing of application of laws and ordinances, the golden time of situational measures was often missed. For these reasons, it was not able to respond properly to every major disaster and military conflict with North Korea. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to revise the National Crisis Management Basic Act, which can act as a national tower in the event of a national crisis, and to promote artificial intelligence governance by linking artificial intelligence technology with the civil, government, military, and police.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2024

With the advancement of NLP(Natural Language Processing) models, conversational AI such as ChatGPT is becoming increasingly popular. To enhance processing speed and reduce power consumption, it is important to implement the Transformer algorithm, which forms the basis of the latest natural language processing models, in hardware. In particular, the multi-head attention and feed-forward network, which analyze the relationships between different words in a sentence through matrix multiplication, are the most computationally intensive core algorithms in the Transformer. In this paper, we propose a new variable systolic array based on the number of input words to enhance matrix multiplication speed. Quantization maintains Transformer accuracy, boosting memory efficiency and speed. For evaluation purposes, this paper verifies the clock cycles required in multi-head attention and feed-forward network and compares the performance with other multipliers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2024.05a
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• pp.611-614
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• 2024

최근 많은 분야에서 인공지능을 사용한 산업이 각광을 받고 있고 그중 챗-GPT 로 인하여 챗봇에 관한 관심도가 높아져 관련 연구가 많이 진행되고 있다. 특히 질문에 대한 답변을 생성해주는 분야에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어지고 있는데, 질문-답변의 데이터 셋에 대한 학습 방식보다는 질문-답변-배경지식으로 이루어진 데이터 셋에 대한 학습 방식이 많이 연구가 되고 있다. 그러다 보니 배경지식을 어떤 방식으로 모델에게 이해를 해줄 지가 모델 성능에 큰 부분 차지한다. 그리고 최근 연구에 따르면 이러한 배경지식 정보를 이해시키기 위해 잠재 변수 모델링 기법을 활용하는 것이 높은 성능을 갖는다고 하고 트랜스포머 기반 모델 중 생성 문제에서 강점을 보이는 BART(Bidirectional Auto-Regressive Transformer)[1]도 주로 활용된다고 한다. 본 논문에서는 BART 모델에 잠재 변수 모델링 기법 중 잠재 변수를 어텐션에 곱하는 방식을 이용한 모델을 통해 답변 생성 문제에 관한 해결법을 제시하고 그에 대한 결과로 배경지식 정보를 담은 답변을 보인다. 생성된 답변에 대한 평가는 기존에 사용되는 BLEU 방식과 배경지식을 고려한 방식의 BLEU 로 평가한다.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.3-38
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• 2024

Hallucination is a significant barrier to the utilization of large-scale language models or multimodal models. In this study, we collected 654 computer science papers with "hallucination" in the abstract from arXiv from December 2022 to January 2024 following the advent of Chat GPT and conducted frequency analysis, knowledge network analysis, and literature review to explore the latest trends in hallucination research. The results showed that research in the fields of "Computation and Language," "Artificial Intelligence," "Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition," and "Machine Learning" were active. We then analyzed the research trends in the four major fields by focusing on the main authors and dividing them into data, hallucination detection, and hallucination mitigation. The main research trends included hallucination mitigation through supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF), inference enhancement via "chain of thought" (CoT), and growing interest in hallucination mitigation within the domain of multimodal AI. This study provides insights into the latest developments in hallucination research through a technology-oriented literature review. This study is expected to help subsequent research in both engineering and humanities and social sciences fields by understanding the latest trends in hallucination research.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.21-35
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• 2023

Expectations surrounding generative AI technology and its profound ramifications are sweeping across various industrial domains. Given the anticipated pivotal role of the startup ecosystem in the utilization and advancement of generative AI technology, it is imperative to cultivate a deeper comprehension of the present state and distinctive attributes characterizing venture capital (VC) investments within this domain. The current investigation delves into South Korea's landscape of VC investment deals and prognosticates the projected VC investments by juxtaposing these against the United States, the frontrunner in the generative AI industry and its associated ecosystem. For analytical purposes, a compilation of 286 investment deals originating from 117 U.S. generative AI startups spanning the period from 2008 to 2023, as well as 144 investment deals from 42 South Korean generative AI startups covering the years 2011 to 2023, was amassed to construct new datasets. The outcomes of this endeavor reveal an upward trajectory in the count of VC investment deals within both the U.S. and South Korea during recent years. Predominantly, these deals have been concentrated within the early-stage investment realm. Noteworthy disparities between the two nations have also come to light. Specifically, in the U.S., in contrast to South Korea, the quantum of recent VC deals has escalated, marking an augmentation ranging from 285% to 488% in the corresponding developmental stage. While the interval between disparate investment stages demonstrated a slight elongation in South Korea relative to the U.S., this discrepancy did not achieve statistical significance. Furthermore, the proportion of VC investments channeled into generative AI enterprises, relative to the aggregate number of deals, exhibited a higher quotient in South Korea compared to the U.S. Upon a comprehensive sectoral breakdown of generative AI, it was discerned that within the U.S., 59.2% of total deals were concentrated in the text and model sectors, whereas in South Korea, 61.9% of deals centered around the video, image, and chat sectors. Through forecasting, the anticipated VC investments in South Korea from 2023 to 2029 were derived via four distinct models, culminating in an estimated average requirement of 3.4 trillion Korean won (ranging from at least 2.408 trillion won to a maximum of 5.919 trillion won). This research bears pragmatic significance as it methodically dissects VC investments within the generative AI domain across both the U.S. and South Korea, culminating in the presentation of an estimated VC investment projection for the latter. Furthermore, its academic significance lies in laying the groundwork for prospective scholarly inquiries by dissecting the current landscape of generative AI VC investments, a sphere that has hitherto remained void of rigorous academic investigation supported by empirical data. Additionally, the study introduces two innovative methodologies for the prediction of VC investment sums. Upon broader integration, application, and refinement of these methodologies within diverse academic explorations, they stand poised to enhance the prognosticative capacity pertaining to VC investment costs.