• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1977

A bark comprises about 10 to 20 percents of a typical log by volume, and is generally considered as an unwanted residue rather than a potentially valuable resource. As the world has been confronted with decreasing forest resources, natural resources pressure dictate that a bark should be a raw material instead of a waste. The utilization of the largely wasted bark of genus Quercus grown in Korea can be enhanced by learning its anatomical structure and properties. In this paper, bark characteristics of Quercus grown in Korea are described. In bark anatomy, general features such as color of rhytidome, exfoliating form, color of periderm, arrangement of periderm, and thickness of the inner and outer hark. etc., arc discussed. Studies on the microscopic structure include sieve tube, companion cell, parenchyma, pholem fiber, ray, periderm(phelloderm, phelloogen, phellem), sclereid, and crystal, etc. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. In general characteristics of rhytidomes, exfoliating is not easy and sclereids are distint to the naked eye. Inner bark is thicker than that of outer bark except in case of Q. variabilis. 2. It is not clear to distinguish between phelloderm and phellogen in Quercus bark. The phellem is developed conspicuously in Q. variabilis but that of Q. accutissima is composed of thinwalled phellem and thickwalled stone cell. 3. Quercus Bark has sieve tube, companion cell, phloem fiber and sclereid. Sclereids of Quercus bark are the most distinguished characteristics comparing with pinus and populus. The volume percent of sclereids are higher than that of fiber. 4. Rays are 1~3 seriate, and multiseriate ranging with from 15 to 20. 5. Parenchyma cell contains two types, polygonal and druses crystal.

• 산림경영
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• s.188
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• pp.6-9
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• 2008

연기후변화를 막는 데 숲은 매우 중요한 자원이다. 탄소를 흡수하기 때문이다. 이런 숲이 정작 기후변화 때문에 위태로운 지경이다. 올봄에도 수락산, 북한산 등의 수도권 인근 산을 비롯해 전국 62곳에 달하는 산에서 1만여 그루가 넘는 참나무가 잘려나갔다. 참나무의 흑사병이라고 불리는 '시듦병' 때문이다. 좀벌레들이 지구온난화에 따른 기온 상승으로 활동 주기가 빨라져 피해가 컸다고 한다. 기후변화 리더십 과정 제6강은 장마가 시작되기 하루 전인 지난 6월 16일, 서울 동대문구 회기로에 위치한 국립산림과학원 홍릉 수목원에서 진행됐다. '탄소를 담는 그릇'으로서 숲의 가치를 되짚어보는 두 전문가의 강연을 들은 뒤, 수강생들은 숲 체험 교육을 받았다. 그리고 파란 하늘 아래 신선한 녹음 속에서 힘찬 목소리로 '저탄소 경영' 선언문을 낭독했다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1978

A bark comprises about 10 to 20 percents of a typical log by volume, and is generally considered as an unwanted residue rather than a potential1y valuable resourses, As the world has been confronted with decreasing forest resources, natural resources pressure dictate that a bark should be a raw material instead of a waste. The utilization of the largely wasted bark of genus Pinus, Quercus, and Populus grown in Korea can be enhanced by learning their chemical properties. However, the chemical study of tree bark grown in korea have never been undertaken. In the present paper, the studies on the chemical properties of bark comprise carbohydrates, lignin, and extractives, composition of reducing sugars and five essential elements. The results may be summarized as follows: 1. Bark are much richer in quantity of lignin and extractives than the corresponding wood, and are chiefly consisted of lignin, extractives and carbohydrates orderly. It is the same with ash contents. Alcohol-benzene extractives of populus bark are the highest among three genus. 2. Although glucose constitutes the major sugar in both pine and hardwoods bark, in pinus, arabinose and xylose are the next but in hard woods, the next is xylose. 3. Essential elements, Ca and Kjeldahl-N are higher in the bark than in the wood. Ca content is the highest among others, and N,K followed it. Essential elements are higher in Quercus than in Populus and pinus.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.34-47
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• 2009

AMS radiocarbon dates indicated that Eurimji reservoir, located at Jecheon City, Chungbuk Province, has been formed during the late Holocene Epoch. The sedimentary sequence at bottom reveals histories in hydrology, climate conditions and past vegetation dynamics. Ages controlled sedimentological and palynological analyses on ER 3-1 Core contribute to reconstruct paleoclimate and past hydrological conditions. These analyses suggest that lower interval (307.5m~309.5m elevations) of the ER 3-1 Core was deposited in stable from 1,920 yrBP to 1,420 yrBP, but upper layer sediment above these elevations was composed of reworked sediments during the pre and post 2,000 yrBP. Pollen assemblage indicates that watershed vegetation of the Eurimji reservoir, during the period of 1,920 yrBP~1,420 yrBP, was closely comparable to modern vegetation dominated Pinus and Quercus mixed vegetation. Also, riparian including Alnus, Fraxinus and Salix were inhabited along the banks of stream, and aquatics such as Typha, Nymphaea and Persicaria flourished at shore of the reservoir. According to cultural chronicle, it infers that the Eurimji reservoir was formed from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age or the beginning of ancient society. An integrated data suggested that Quercus-Pinus-Abies mixed forest flourished under cool and dry climate conditions during 3,200 yrBP~200 yrBP.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2010

Wood identification was conducted for the 8 Neolithic charcoals excavated at Giheung Nongseori Ruins through scanning electron microscopy. They were all identified as hardwood: 6 and 1 were found to be Prinus section and Cerris section of subgenus Lepidobalanus under genus Quercus, respectively, and the remaining 1 to be genus Betula. This species composition was thought to indicate the temperate to warm temperate climate region.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.3
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• pp.290-294
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• 2007

Interspecific hybrid seedlings by artificial crossing of Genus Quercus (Q. serrata, Q. dentata, Q. mongolica var. crispula, Q. aliena) were planted at nursery in Tottori University. Seedlings of hybrids by natural crossing(Q. fabri and $Q.{\times}mccormickii$) were selected and planted at Hiruzen district in Tottori University. Artificial interspecific hybrid $F_1$ and natural hybrid $F_1$ bloomed when they were 4 years old and 3 years old, respectively. The pollen fertility and seed viability were investigated from the bloomed individuals in 2001. The germination percentages of the pollens of artificial interspecific hybrid were more than 84% except one individual, and the extension of pollen tubes was normal. The normal seed percentages of artificial interspecific hybrid were more than 90% similar to parents. Germination percentages of normal seed of natural crossing family were more than 64%, respectively, and selfed offsprings of Q. fabri, and $Q.{\times}mccormickii$ hade high reproductive ability.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.58-58
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 자생 참나무속 2종의 몇 가지 저광량 조건하에서 생육 및 엽록소 형광 반응을 조사하였다. 연구의 재료는 참가시나무(Quercus salicina Blume)와 붉가시나무(Q. acuta Thunb.)의 2년생 실생묘를 사용하였다. 다양한 실내 광환경조건을 조사하여 광량을 10, 50, 100 및 200 PPFD (${\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$)로 설정하였으며, 실험기간 동안 광주기(12/12 h), 온도($25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) 및 습도($55{\pm}3%$)를 동일하게 설정하여 총 8주간 재배하였다. 대조구는 유리온실에서 동일기간 동안 재배된 식물을 사용하였다. 연구의 결과, 참가시나무는 50 PPFD 이하에서 전체 식물 중 50%가 잎이 마르며 떨어지는 경향을 보였으며, 100 PPFD에서도 25%의 잎마름이 관찰되었다. 200 PPFD는 줄기직경을 제외한 초장, 엽수, 엽장, 엽폭 및 엽록소 함량(SPAD)이 대조구와 유사하거나 높았으며, 엽록소 형광 반응에서도 모든 측정값이 대조구와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 붉가시나무는 50 PPFD 이상의 광량에서는 줄기직경, 엽수, 엽장 및 SPAD가 대조구와 유사하거나 높은 결과를 보였으나, 모든 광량조건에서 초장과 엽폭이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮았다. 엽록소 형광 반응은 모든 광량에서 대조구와 비슷한 양상을 보였으나, 10 PPFD는 초기형광값(Fo)과 비광학적 에너지의 손실(DIo/RC)이 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 낮은 결과를 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.101-115
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• 2008

Six species of oak are commonly found in Korean forests growing together with evergreen pines. Korean oak forests have recently been attacked by ambrosial fungi of the genus Raffaelea and by many other fungal species that are vectored by the beetle Platypus koryoensis. We investigated a full list of the diverse decay fungi as a first step to better understand the association between these fungi and oak trees, as well as considering effective management methods for oak forests in Korea. Through examination of specimens deposited in the Seoul National University Fungus Collection (SFC) and the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), 523 decay fungi (104 species) associated with oak trees were identified and a full list is provided.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2000

This study deals with the structure of Carabid beetle community surveyed in different stands. Species richness and abundance of Carabid beetles were 1,162 individuals, 23 species, 10 genera in the Pinus densiflora stand, 418 individuals, 23 species, 11 genera in the Pinus koraiensis stand, 782 individuals, 25 species, 11 genera in the Larix leptolepis stand, 1,383 individuals 25 species, 12 genera in the Quercus variabilis stand. Dominant species were Synuchus cycloderus(19.8%), Synuchus nitidus(16.6%), Pterostichus pertirax(16.2%) in the Pinus densiflora stand. Pterostichus sp.1(27.9%), Synuchus nitidus(24.4%), Synuchus cycloderus(10.2%) in the Pinus koraiensis stand, Synuchus sp.1(40.0%), Synuchus nitidus(9.3), Pterostichus sp.1(7.4%) in the Larix leptoepis stand. Pterostichus sp.2(17.4%), Synuchus cycloderus(14.4%). Pterostichus pertirax(14.1%) in the Quercus variabili stand. Shannon species diversity index(H') in the Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, Larix leptolepis and Quercus variabilis stand were 2.11, 2.25, 2.23 and 2.32 respectively and Evenness index(J') were 0.64, 0.72, 0.69 and 0.72, respectively. Community similarity index showed the lowest value (0.66) between Quercus variabilis stand and Pinus koraiensis stand and the highest value (0.83) between Pinus densiflora stand and Larix leptolepis stand.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.288-291
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• 2012

Korean oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae is vectored by the ambrosia beetle Platypus koryoensis. To prevent the spread of the disease, the beetle infested oak tree had been cut into logs, covered with plastic vinyl, fumigated with a pesticide, and stored for three years on the site where the tree was cut. This study was carried out to get information on the fungi colonizing the fumigated oak wood. Wood disk samples collected from the fumigated oak logs at two locations in the Taejo Mountain, Cheonan city, were used for fungal isolation. A total of 99 filamentous fungal isolates were obtained from the wood disk samples. Hypocrea spp., Trichoderma spp. and Penicillium spp. were identified based on morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequence analysis of translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene and ITS rDNA region. Trichoderma was the major fungal group. R. quercus-mongolicae, and P. koryoensis were not detected from the fumigated oak wood. Our work provided evidence that after three years of storage, the fumigated oak wilt-diseased logs should be no longer harmful source of oak wilt disease transmission.