• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.6-15
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• 2022

In this study, a traffic light recognition algorithm was implemented and validated for low-speed special purpose vehicles in an urban environment. Real-time image data using a camera and YOLO algorithm were applied. Two methods were presented to increase the accuracy of the traffic light recognition algorithm, and it was confirmed that the second method had the higher accuracy according to the traffic light type. In addition, it was confirmed that the optimal YOLO algorithm was YOLO v5m, which has over 98% mAP values and higher efficiency. In the future, it is thought that the traffic light recognition algorithm can be used as a dual system to secure the platform safety in the traffic information error of C-ITS.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.100-105
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• 2022

Oblique car to car frontal impact is quite common on the road and series of studies have been done to realize this in the lab. At a certain angle of oblique crash a car (ego) is to travel at a speed of xkm/h to hit the other car(traffic) which is approaching to ego at a speed of ykm/h. Symmetry of the speed of two vehicles, x vs. y, is studied with respect to the impulse of the ego vehicle as well as occupant injury. If there is symmetry of speed of two vehicles, number of case studies needed to analyze the oblique frontal impact may decrease: ex. in the case of 30degree oblique crash 40km/h (ego) / 80km/h (traffic) will show the similar behavior as 80km/h (ego) / 40km/h (traffic) crash.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.21-26
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• 2022

Commercial use of autonomous vehicles is to come soon. So far most of responsibility of the accident is on the human driver with conventional vehicles whereas that will be on the car OEM and transportation related organizations with autonomous vehicles, which asks car OEM's and government to do vast study of car crash in various conditions. Test protocols need amendment and to be newly enacted to reflect new findings from the study aforementioned. Rigid stationary barrier and moving or stationary deformable barrier as well as car to car test which is same as actual accident can be utilized to simulate the crash happening on the road. Among those 3 test methods, rigid stationary barrier is most economic and has good repeatability. Limitation as well as advantage of the rigid stationary barrier is studied through comparison between car to car crash and oblique rigid barrier crash.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.60-69
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• 2022

Recently, the importance of simulation validation in a virtual environment for autonomous driving system validation is increasing. At the same time, interest in the advancement of the virtual driving environment is also increasing. To develop autonomous driving technology, a simulation environment similar to the real-world environment is needed. For this reason, not only the road model is configured in the virtual driving environment, but also the driving environment configuration that includes the surrounding environments -traffic, object, etc- is necessary. In this article, FMTC, which is a test bed for autonomous vehicles, is implemented in a virtual environment and advanced to form a virtual driving environment similar to that of real FMTC. In addition, the similarity of the virtual driving environment is verified through comparative analysis with the real FMTC.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.84-90
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• 2022

With the popularization of autonomous driving technology, safety has emerged as a more important criterion. However, there are no assessment protocol or methods for AES (Autonomous Emergency Steering). So, this study proposes AES assessment protocol and scenario corresponding to collision avoidance Car-to-Car scenario of Euro NCAP in order to prepare for obstacles that appear after the emergency steering of LV (Leading Vehicle) avoiding obstacles in front of. Autoware-based autonomous driving stack is developed to test and simulate scenario in CARLA. Using developed stack, it is confirmed that obstacle avoidance is successfully performed in CARLA, and the AES performance of VUT (Vehicle Under Test) is evaluated by applying the proposed assessment protocol and scenario.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.51-56
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• 2022

This paper presents an Ground Segmentation algorithm to eliminate unnecessary Lidar Point Cloud Data (PCD) in an autonomous driving system. We consider Random Sample Consensus (Ransac) Algorithm to process lidar ground data. Ransac designates inlier and outlier to erase ground point cloud and classified PCD into two parts. Test results show removal of PCD from ground area by distinguishing inlier and outlier. The paper validates ground rejection algorithm in real time calculating the number of objects recognized by ground data compared to lidar raw data and ground segmented data based on the z-axis. Ground Segmentation is simulated by Robot Operating System (ROS) and an analysis of autonomous driving data is constructed by Matlab. The proposed algorithm can enhance performance of autonomous driving as misrecognizing circumstances are reduced.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2022

Automated vehicles (AVs) are coming to our roadways. In practice, there are still several challenges that can impede the AV sensors are polluted on various road conditions. In this paper, we propose a strategy for V2E performance assurance technology using Kano model. We are developing the vehicle sensor cleaning system about the three types of commonly used sensors: camera, radar, and LiDAR. Surveys were carried out in 30 AV's experts on quality characteristics about V2E performance assurance technology. As a result, the Kano model developed to verify a major requirement of autonomous vehicle's sensor cleaning system. It is expected that the Kano model will be actively used to verify the importance of V2E development strategy.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2022

Recently, the use of ATV (All-Terrain Vehicle) has increased due to increase in leisure activities, and the awareness of safety and traffic accidents has improved, but it still insignificant compared to other transportation. Therefore, in this study, the current status and characteristics of traffic accidents related to ATVs were investigated, and actual ATV accident was analyzed. As a result, it was confirmed that the condition of the braking system directly connected to the safety of the ATV was not well maintained. For driver safety in the future, it is considered that it is necessary to strengthen safety regulations related to experience centers and rental companies handling AVTs and to conduct regular inspections in accordance with the Motor Vehicle Management Act.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

In this study the cylinder liner deformation which is one of the most influencing factors in a diesel engine oil consumption was performed by the finite element analysis on the basic designed structure consisting of the cylinder block, head and liners under the conditions of assembly, thermal and gas loads. Compared with a large number of other cylinder blocks showing remarkable harmonic orders of the liner distortion, results are excellent. Namely. the higher harmonic order amplitudes of the radial liner deformation amount to 1 ~ 2㎛ maximally. The main reason lies in the relatively large wall thickness of the liner which amounts to 8.2% of the bore diameter. Besides, a very stiff and symmetrical cylinder block design in combination with a bolt force introduction approximately 1.5mm below the block top deck have a further share on these results. Therefore excellent low oil consumption can be expected.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2014

Recently Korea and many countries are legislated for pedestrian protection as following the GTR(Global Technical Regulation). Most NCAP organization have been applying pedestrian protection results in their own rating system in individual or overall rating. Euro NCAP agency has been introduced it first. From the beginning, Euro NCAP had assessed occupant and pedestrian protection. It has become to strengthen a pedestrian protection protocol every time published. Korea NCAP also has been rating pedestrian protection with overall rating system. This paper proposed to study new pedestrian protection protocol especially upper leg in order to find injury response based on physical test. On Euro NCAP, the upper leg injury are assessed two kind of value which are bending moment and force.