• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.171-196
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• 2018

With the development of the web, two-way communication and evaluation became possible and marketing paradigms shifted. In order to meet the needs of consumers, web design trends are continuously responding to consumer feedback. As the web becomes more and more important, both academics and businesses are studying consumer emotions and satisfaction on the web. However, some consumer characteristics are not well considered. Demographic characteristics such as age and sex have been studied extensively, but few studies consider psychological characteristics such as regulatory focus (i.e., emotional regulation). In this study, we analyze the effect of web style on consumer emotion. Many studies analyze the relationship between the web and regulatory focus, but most concentrate on the purpose of web use, particularly motivation and information search, rather than on web style and design. The web communicates with users through visual elements. Because the human brain is influenced by all five senses, both design factors and emotional responses are important in the web environment. Therefore, in this study, we examine the relationship between consumer emotion and satisfaction and web style and design. Previous studies have considered the effects of web layout, structure, and color on emotions. In this study, however, we excluded these web components, in contrast to earlier studies, and analyzed the relationship between consumer satisfaction and emotional indexes of web-style only. To perform this analysis, we collected consumer surveys presenting 40 web style themes to 204 consumers. Each consumer evaluated four themes. The emotional adjectives evaluated by consumers were composed of 18 contrast pairs, and the upper emotional indexes were extracted through factor analysis. The emotional indexes were 'softness,' 'modernity,' 'clearness,' and 'jam.' Hypotheses were established based on the assumption that emotional indexes have different effects on consumer satisfaction. After the analysis, hypotheses 1, 2, and 3 were accepted and hypothesis 4 was rejected. While hypothesis 4 was rejected, its effect on consumer satisfaction was negative, not positive. This means that emotional indexes such as 'softness,' 'modernity,' and 'clearness' have a positive effect on consumer satisfaction. In other words, consumers prefer emotions that are soft, emotional, natural, rounded, dynamic, modern, elaborate, unique, bright, pure, and clear. 'Jam' has a negative effect on consumer satisfaction. It means, consumer prefer the emotion which is empty, plain, and simple. Regulatory focus shows differences in motivation and propensity in various domains. It is important to consider organizational behavior and decision making according to the regulatory focus tendency, and it affects not only political, cultural, ethical judgments and behavior but also broad psychological problems. Regulatory focus also differs from emotional response. Promotion focus responds more strongly to positive emotional responses. On the other hand, prevention focus has a strong response to negative emotions. Web style is a type of service, and consumer satisfaction is affected not only by cognitive evaluation but also by emotion. This emotional response depends on whether the consumer will benefit or harm himself. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the difference of the consumer's emotional response according to the regulatory focus which is one of the characteristics and viewpoint of the consumers about the web style. After MMR analysis result, hypothesis 5.3 was accepted, and hypothesis 5.4 was rejected. But hypothesis 5.4 supported in the opposite direction to the hypothesis. After validation, we confirmed the mechanism of emotional response according to the tendency of regulatory focus. Using the results, we developed the structure of web-style recommendation system and recommend methods through regulatory focus. We classified the regulatory focus group in to three categories that promotion, grey, prevention. Then, we suggest web-style recommend method along the group. If we further develop this study, we expect that the existing regulatory focus theory can be extended not only to the motivational part but also to the emotional behavioral response according to the regulatory focus tendency. Moreover, we believe that it is possible to recommend web-style according to regulatory focus and emotional desire which consumers most prefer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.192-203
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of task conflict on job attitudes (organizational commitment & job satisfaction), focusing on the mediating effects of supervisory communication & co-worker communication. Recently, the importance of communication as a research topic has been increasing. According to prior research, communication satisfaction has a positive effect on job performance. However, studies which take into account the different types of communication are lacking. Therefore, this study considered two types of communication (supervisory communication and coworker communication). A research model and hypotheses were developed in order to examine the theoretical research issues and questions. The sample consisted of 280 survey data drawn from employees in firms located in Korea. The data was analyzed by the statistical packages, SPSS 21.0 & AMOS 21.0 for Windows. The findings of the analysis are as follows. Firstly, it was found that task conflict had a negative (-) effect on organizational commitment & job satisfaction. Therefore, H1a & H1b are supported. Secondly, it was found that task conflict had a negative (-) effect on supervisory communication. Therefore, H2a is supported. However, it did not have a significant effect on co-worker communication. Hence, H2b is not supported. Thirdly, as regards the mediating effect of supervisory communication, it was found that supervisory communication mediated the effect of task conflict on job attitudes (organizational commitment & job satisfaction). Therefore, H3a & H3b are supported. Finally, the mediating effect of co-worker communication was not significant. Therefore, none of the sub-hypotheses of H4 are supported. Based on these findings, this study suggested directions for future research.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.40-55
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• 2013

This study aims to suggest a way for temple food to take a differentiated position in the foodservice industry along with providing useful data for efficient management of temple food. To do this, it examines what influence the characteristics of temple food has on satisfaction with the food and verifies how the types of religion adjust the relationships between the characteristics and the satisfaction. The consumers who frequent temple food restaurants in Seoul and Gyeonggi areas were selected as the sample for this study, and a survey was conducted to those over the age of 20 via self-administered questionnaire from May 1st to June 30th, 2012. A total of 500 copies were distributed and 476 copies were selected as suitable from 488 copies collected for reliability and factor analyses using SPSS 18.0. The proposed research hypotheses were verified with a regression analysis and a multiple regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, the characteristics of temple food have a positive influence on satisfaction with the food. Their subordinate factors such as situation, function, and consistency have positive(+) effects on the satisfaction. Next, it shows that religion does not play a regulatory role in the relationships between the characteristics of temple food and satisfaction with the food.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.103-113
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• 2014

Bargain position and trust are core issues in supply chain management, yet the effect of bargain position on trust remains to be undetermined. The purpose of this research is to present theoretical and methodological hurdles for the relationship among various bargain positions and trust, and develops a set of hypotheses about the asymmetric effect of bargain position on trust in supply chain network. An analytical tool to analyze nonlinear effects on a response surface is introduced. Based on the data collected through a survey of firms participating in Project Supply chain, a set of hypotheses is tested. The analysis results support the prediction that the bargain position perceived by the buyers have asymmetric effects on trust toward supplies, and provide more fine-grained accounts on the relationships among bargain power, bargain position and trust in a supply chain network.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.219-245
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• 2018

Recently Korea affected by the US and China trade wars, has been stagnant in the global trade market. However, the global e-commerce market is growing and emerging with new trade opportunity. The purpose of this study is to derive factors of the execution of cross border electronic commerce in the global e-commerce market and to grasp the effects of these factors on firm performance and ultimately to provide policy implications for export expansion. For this purpose, we conducted a literature review to derive the factors for firm performance in the global e-commerce market. Subsequently, conceptual research model and research hypotheses were estabilished, and empirical analysis was conducted through questionnaires. As a result of the empirical analysis, trust and ICT capability have a positive effect on firm performance, and the impact of trust on firm performance depends on the level of dispute settlement. However, ICT capability does not affect firm performance. This study differs from previous studies in that it considered global e-commerce from the perspective of the enterprise and examined factors for firm performance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.191-203
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• 2016

This purpose of this study is to academically define what "luxury products" mean, and to clarify the cognitive structural relationship between corporate attributes and "luxuriousness" in relation to the determinant of luxuriousness that eventually affects the purchase intention of consumers. This study is also written under the theory that luxuriousness leads to benefits such as functional benefit, experiential benefit, symbolic benefit, and exclusive benefit; which all provide core values to consumers and serve as effect factors that influence the psychological satisfaction of consumers. The commonly discussed measure of the determinant of luxuriousness has often failed to adequately describe the reasons to why the consumers prefer luxury products. This study also aims to suggest a new path in how and what the consumers perceive as luxury products, and to conceptualize what luxuriousness means in the marketing perspectives on the background of a previous theory. The part of corporate attributes are divided in the following sections: corporate ability(CA) and corporate reputation(CR). The part of the determinant of luxuriousness is divided in sections of superiority, scarcity, differentiation, and traditionality. Therefore, this study used the theoretical concept used in such common measures as well as 282 examples to empirically analyze the relationship between corporate attributes and luxuriousness of luxury products, and how such affect the purchase intentions of consumers. The survey used to aid this study targeted luxury product consumers regarding "B" brand of automobiles. Using the analysis through a structural equation model, the study draws a conclusion that in a relationship between corporate attributes and luxuriousness, corporate ability(CA) of corporate attributes affects the facts of differentiation and traditionality in a significant way, and corporate reputation(CR) of corporate attributes affects the factors of superiority and scarcity in a significant way. Additionally, the superiority and scarcity of luxuriousness positive significantly affects purchase intention, and differentiation and traditionality of luxuriousness affects purchase intention in a negative significant way. The structural concept of luxury and luxuriousness suggested in the study will provide the theoretical basis for building a new case study, and the determinants of luxuriousness in the marketing perspective will be a practical help for checking the consumers' psychological reasons for purchase.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.235-259
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• 2014

New product or new technology developments are directly linked to a firm's survival and thus their performance and improvement are gaining attention in the midst of rapidly changing business environment and aggravating competition. However, despite SMEs' significance in the national economy, they are limited in terms of size and resources in possession, so the government provides a variety of supports as a policy. According to a study on the organizational life cycle, a firm's limits and difficulties differ by growth stage, so the supports need to be tailored. Based on the data from 2,575 firms that responded to the "2011 SMEs Technological Statistics," how technological capability level and deviation in the R&D process affect the R&D sales performance was studied. The result of analysis revealed that the technological capability has a positive impact on the R&D sales performance. It was also learned that the relationship between deviation in the technological capability and R&D sales performance was moderated by the government support. For the hypothesis that the government support would have a different moderating effect by growth stage for the impact the technology level has on the R&D sales performance, the empirical analysis showed a different meaningful moderating effect for each growth stage. The theoretical implications of the study are that, instead of a simple relation of dynamics that does not take the growth stages into account, it suggested a more realistic causal relationship model that reflects the complex environment the SMEs are in and that the need for measuring and using the deviation in technological capability as a research variable has been justified. The practical implications are that the government policy for supports can be tailored to a growth stage and that the guidelines have been suggested to effectively use the government funding by encouraging the SMEs in a different growth stage to adapt to the customized policy.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.85-98
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the effects of venture & inno-biz companies' technological innovation competences on technological performances and economic competitive advantage, using VRIO framework. The empirical data for this study were based on the technology assessment results of Korea Technology Finance Corporation (KOTEC) on 3,462 venture & inno-biz companies and the following 2 years' financial data. Sample companies with technological innovation resources, such as technology management strategy(Value), differentiation of technology(Rarity), imitation difficulty of technology(Imitability) and technical organization capability(Organization), made efforts to expand their intellectual property rights, technological development and commercialization of new products, thereby ensuring technological competitive advantage. Furthermore, technological competitive advantage were proved to improve sales growth, increase in operating revenue, and financial soundness. Compared with four VRIO factors' influence on business performance, imitation difficulty of technology(Imitability) and organization technological capability(Organization) had much more influence than any other internal resources or capabilities respectively.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-95
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• 2007

The "cause-related marketing (CRM)," generally defined as a mutually beneficial relationship between a company and a non-profit relationship or a social cause, which is perhaps the most progressive outgrowth of marketing trend. This paper contributes to, and looks at the practical issues of CRM and its effect on the brand attitude of the customer. To do so, following three broad research questions have been addressed. Which cause-related orientation is effective on customer's attitude of the brand? Which type of cause-related message provides crucial impact on customer's attitude of the brand? How product category acts upon and brings about different consequences on CRM? To address these questions, a causal model has been developed incorporating message type, product relevance, social significance, and brand attitude. The study model was tested with survey data collected from 400 career professionals and students in Seoul and statistically processed the 176 valid ones. The results of the study considerably supported the conceptual model. The analysis also revealed that the study population was not able to detect the differences in CRM strategies but tend to conceptualize them as a whole.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.30-46
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• 2020

New media is rapidly changing with the recent development of the technology of transmitting, producing, editing, and sharing video information. This study investigates the effects of one person media broadcasting use motivation and social viewing on consumer attitudes toward brand, brand engagement, and purchase intention. It was fond that motives such as differentiation, social interaction with other viewers, mutual interaction with BJ, information-seeking, and new fun-seeking positively affected brand attitudes. Also, the same motives except fun-seeking positively affected brand engagement. Only mutual interaction with BJ and information-seeking were found to be positively related to purchase intention. Meanwhile, para-social relationships, social presence, and subjective norm positively influenced on brand attitudes and purchase intention each. Also, para-social relationships and social presence were positively related to brand engagement. Theoretical and practical implications, and suggestions for future studies are discussed in detail.