• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.364-381
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• 2006

Strategies for regional development has been implemented by facilitating the cultural industry since the mid 1990s. The government of Gyeongbuk attempted to establish the cluster of cultural industries and to enhance the capability of cultural industries. However, infrastructure of the industries is still weak. The most cultural industries are small-sized enterprises and are in low value-added production link in the value chain. This research examines the situation of cultural industries and then to recommend the direction of cluster of cultural industries in Gyeongbuk. The cluster of cultural industries in Gyeongbuk needs to be decentralized integration. Cultural industries in Gyeongbuk are found in dispersed regions with own cultural and industrial characteristics. The hub of cluster of cultural industries should be formulated to promote network among cultural industrial complexes in dispersed regions; thus, the hub is able to provide knowledge and information for the cultural industrial firms in Gyeongbuk. The supporting center as the hub of cluster has to input more energy to establish the on-line and off-line network among firms, and between firms and innovation agencies such as universities, cultural industrial organizations, and local governments. The cultural industrial cluster should be linked with IT cluster in Gumi and cluster of Daegu cultural industries to upgrade the value chain of cultural industries.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.208-215
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• 1999

The creep behavior of a rapidly solidified and consolidated Al-9.45wt%Fe-4.45wt%Cr alloy were investigated in the stress range 40 to 115 MPa and temperature range 300(0.53Tm) to 441$^{\circ}C$(0.66Tm). It is of use to available aerospace and automobile industries for the improved performance of materials used at high temperature. Because Al alloys with improved creep resistance offer the potential for lower weight and reduced costs in aerospace and automobile components (e.g., structural members and engine parts) through the replacement of heavier and more costly materials, the safety in use at high temperature is good. The alloy is characterized by high stress exponents and activation energies for creep, which are greatly dependent on the stress and temperature. Because the creep stress is seen to cause a strongly significant enhancement of coarsening, the coarsening rate of the dispersed particles in all crept specimens is faster than that in isothermally annealed specimens. Dislocations connecting dispersoids are observed more cofrequently in crept specimens with higher stress and lower temperature. The creep strain rates in the power law creep regime were found to be predicted much better by the Shorty and Rosler/Arzt equation with the inclusion of a threshold stress and dislocation detachment mechanism. The dispersoids in this alloy were acting a source of void nucleation that finally leaded to ductile fracture within the grain so called intergranular. Each void was initiated, grown and failed at the dispersoids in the aluminium matrix. Grain boundary accommodation of the slip produced, which result in initiation of the void and then final transgranular fracture. Therefore, it was confirmed that these dispersoids played an important role in the fracture mechanism by the formation of $Al_{13}Fe_4$, $Al_{13}Cr_2$ and $Al_2O_3$.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.1_2
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• pp.27-45
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• 1999

Recently, the changes of industrial location can be explained as the concentration of small and medium manufacturing firms or high technology industries by industrial restructuring in Seoul metropolitan area, and the dispersion of large companies'branch plant into the peripheral region in Korea. Particularly deindustrialization is progressing in the inner city and manufacturing firms disperse into the outer city in Seoul metropolitan area. This study reviews on the structural perspectives for the changing industrial location factors. The development of capitalism organizes economic spacial structures and Its characteristics can be reasons which can raise changes in industrial location. Korean economy rapidly grew in the movement process of international capital. And capital accumulation by continuous economic growth is raising the spatial division of labor or the spatial difference and inequality on land price, wages. the base of labor reproduction. Therefore, these factors are the most reasons to raise the changes of industrial location in Korea. Hereafter the study on these factors, that is, in relation to sociocultural structure and land use structure have to be progress more concretely.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.457-457
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• 2011

단일벽 탄소나노튜브(SWNTs)는 직경 및 키랄(chiral)특성에 따라 반도체성 튜브와 금속성 튜브로 구분되며, 작은 직경의 SWNTs는 큰 직경의 튜브에 비하여 일반적으로 기계적 특성이 뛰어나다고 알려져 있다. 따라서, 합성하는 단계에서 SWNTs의 직경 및 chiral 특성의 제어가 가능 하게 된다면 전자소자로의 응용을 한층 앞당길 수 있을 것으로 예상하고 있다. 이와 더불어 SWNTs의 수평배향성장은 SWNTs의 집적(integration)을 용이하게 할 수 있기 때문에 향후 나노전자소자 개발을 목표로 최근 많은 연구결과들이 보고되고 있다. 하지만 현재는 SWNTs가 고밀도로 합성되기 때문에, 우수한 개별 (individual) SWNT의 전기적 특성보다는 집단적(ensemble) 특성을 얻고 있다. 따라서, 합성기판 위에서 개별적인 SWNT를 낮은 밀도로 수평배향 성장하는 일은 향후 나노튜브기반의 고성능 전자소자 개발에 중요한 과제이다. 나아가, 수평배향 성장 된 개별 SWNT의 직경 및 키랄 특성까지 함께 제어할 수 있다면 곧바로 응용에 적용할 수 있는 획기적인 기술이 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는, SWNTs의 수평배향도 및 직경을 제어하여 성장시키는 것을 목표로 하였다. 합성기판은 퀄츠를 이용하였고, 합성촉매로는 나노입자의 밀도를 비교적 쉽게 제어할 수 있고, 균일한 크기를 갖는 페리틴 단백질을 이용하였다. 단분산(monodispersion) 된 촉매 나노입자를 얻기 위해서 스핀코팅 조건과 페리틴 용액농도를 조절하여 퀄츠기판 위에 분산시킨 후, 아르곤 분위기 하에 열처리를 통하여 촉매 나노입자의 크기 감소를 유도하였다. 그 결과 열처리 시간이 증가함에 따라 촉매 나노입자의 크기가 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었고, SWNTs의 직경 또한 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 퀄츠기판 위에 직경제어 합성 된 수평배향 SWNTs를 다른 기판으로 전사하는 기술을 확립함으로써, 향후 SWNTs기반의 소자 제작기술의 바탕을 마련하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.527-527
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• 2007

CMP가 1980년 IBM에 의해 반도체 웨이퍼의 표면 연마를 위해 적용된 후, 많은 연구 개발의 노력으로 반도체 집적회로의 제조 공정에서 필수 핵심기술이 되었으나, 소모자재(연마패드, 탄성지지대, 슬러리, 패드 컨디셔너)의 비용이 CMP 공정 비용의 70% 이상을 차지하는 등 제조단가가 높다는 단점을 극복할 수가 없었다. 특히, 고가의 슬러리가 차지하는 비중이 40% 이상을 넘고 있어, 슬러리 원액의 소모량을 줄이기 위한 연구들이 현재 활발히 연구 중이다. 슬러리의 변수로는 연마입자의 종류 및 특성, 용액의 pH, 연마입자의 슬러리내 안정성 등이 있다. 슬러리내 연마입자는 연마량과 균일도 측면에서 밀접한 관계를 가지고 있다. 또한, 연마제의 영향에 따라 연마율의 차이 즉, CMP 특성의 변화를 보이고 있기 때문에 투입량 또한 최적화가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 연마제의 특성을 알아보기 위해 탈이온수(de-ionized water; DIW)에 $CeO_2,\;MnO_2,\;ZrO_2$ 등을 첨가한 후 분산시간에 따른 연마 특성과 atomic force microscopy (AFM)분석을 통해 표면 거칠기를 비교 분석하였다. 그리고, 세 가지 종류의 연마제를 각각 1wt%, 3wt%, 5wt% 첨가하여 산화막에 대한 CMP 특성을 알아본 후, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 측정과 입도 분석을 통해 그 가능성을 알아보았다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.464-480
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• 2012

This paper includes consideration for construction of Sejong City and seeking its alternative. Korean government has gone ahead with the relocation of 35 ministries of central government from Seoul metropolitan area to Sejong city for balanced regional development. But many specialists are worried about the spatial division of government function because such a spatial division would bring down the functional efficiency of central government. This paper proposes to make Sejong city the administrative capital city instead of the relocation of some ministries to Sejong city, and discusses the necessity and appropriateness to develop Sejong city as an administrative capital city.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-27
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• 2009

Integrated Urban Spatial Information Management Platform (USIMP) is defined as an operational environment where technologies for intelligent management of urban facilities are made possible through the integration of diverse technologies such as sensors for ground and underground facilities, middleware technology, wired and wireless network, GIS-USN linkage. To make the integration of these diverse technology possible, it is imperative to have a sound reference model for the platform. This paper provides a standardized reference model for USIMP based on the RM-OPD(Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing) standard.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.470-470
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• 2011

반도체 집적회로의 고집적화 및 고성능화를 위한 기본 소자(MOSFET)의 미세화 및 단위공정의 물리적 한계를 극복하기 위한 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그 중 다양한 나노입자를 이용한 나노소자 제작 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 이러한 나노입자를 이용한 나노소자의 제작에 있어서 원하는 위치의 나노입자의 배열과 정렬의 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이를 위해서 본 연구에서는 자기조립특성을 가지는 DNA 분자와 CdSe/ZnS 나노입자들의 표면 기능화를 통해서 상호 결합시키는 실험을 하였다. DNA 분자를 형틀로 이용하여 CdSe/ZnS 나노입자를 선택적 배열하고 전자 소자화하기 위해서는 CdSe/ZnS 나노입자의 표면 기능화가 필수적이다. 이를 위하여 무극성인 CdSe/ZnS 나노입자들과 DNA 분자의 phosphate backbone의 음전하와의 경합 특성을 향상시키기 위하여 이들 나노입자의 표면을 양전하로 치환하는 실험을 수행하였다. Core 나노입자인 CdSe 나노입자를 제작한 다음에 CdSe 보다 높은 band gap을 가지고 lattice mismatch가 적은 ZnS 로 shell 층을 형성하는 2-step 방법을 이용하여 합성한 CdSe/ZnS 나노입자를 무극성 용매인 chloroform 용액 0.5 ml에 분산시키고 DMAET 0.3 ml 와 Methanol 0.1 mg/ml를 이용하여 리간드들을 바꿔주고 과잉된 리간드인 DMAET를 제거하기 위해 Methanol로 3차례 세척한 다음 증류수에 용해시키는 실험을 하였다. 나노입자 기능화 과정 이후 기능화 여부를 판단하기 위하여 FT-IR spectroscopy 와 zeta potential 측정을 통하여 나노입자 표면의 변화와 전위를 측정하였다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to clarify the suburbanization of manufacturing, and location and linkages of decentralized manufacturing from Metropolitan Pusan by means of case study on manufacturing location and linkages in the suburb of Metropolitan Pusan. Kimhae city and Yangsan-Gun toward which heavy decentralization of manufacturing from the Metropolitan Pusan has been done. Both hard data and soft data were used as the basic data. Hard data are the statistical data in statistical yearbooks and firm list in directories. The former consists of the number of establishments and employees classified by product type, firm size and unit area. The latter consists of owner's names, addresses, employee number, products and headquarters of firms. Soft data are the results of the interviews with the 242 owners of firms in the four case study areas selected by Proportional Stratified Sampling Method. The major findings are as follows: 1. The spatial variations of manufacturing in the suburb was regularized in the latter half of 1970's. The primary processes to decentralize manufacturing from Metropolitan Pusan were the birth, relocation and establishment of branches of the firms. Among them the relocation of small outer-oriented single-location firms from Pusan was the most important. 2. The spatial variations undergoing spatial expansion of manufacturing distribution and increase of agglomeration degree of manufacturing, proceeded from the adjacents of Metropolitan Pusan to the outer areas along the main transportation route. 3. The main factors which caused manufacturing to decentralize from the Metropolitan Pusan were firm policy and land for this policy. The main locational factors which induced the decentralizing manufacturing into the suburb were land, market and transportation. 4. The strength of linkages with the outside of the study area is stronger than that of linkages with the inside. There is distance-decay-function in the strength of linkages with the outside, and linkages with short distant areas are stronger than those with long distant areas. 5. The ranges of spatial linkages in procurement of materials, in subcontraction and in marketing are wider than those in ordering. 6. The main factors which cause the formation of linkages are different by types of linkages: monopolistic and oligopolistic supply are important in procurement linkages; characteristics of products and the subsequent marketing difficulties, in subcontraction linkages; fluctuation, cost reduction, insufficient facility and characteristics of products, in ordering linkages; subcontract, characteristics of product and the subsequent marketing difficulties, in marketing linkages. 7. The changes of linkages owing to locational changes of firms were great, and were greater in long distant areas than in short distant areas. 8. The main factor influencing on the changes of linkages was the easiness in the transportation of goods, movement of labour and contacts with customers. In conclusion, some facts described above were proved to be consistent with the results of proceeding studies in the other areas: influence of relocation of decentralizing firms on the suburbanization; the factors of manufacturing decentralization; spatial characteristics of linkages; linkage changes owing to relocation of firms. Some were proved to be partly consistent: locational factors inducing decentralized manufacturing into the suburb were proved to be inconsistent. I think that the results of previous studies on the other areas can be applicable to the explanation on the decentralization of Metropolitan manufacturing from the viewpoint of the suburb. For the better explanation on the decentralization of Metropolitan manufacturing, more empirical case studies on the suburbanization of manufacturing are necessary.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2019

Monodisperse microparticles has been particularly enabling for various applications in the encapsulation and delivery of pharmaceutical agents. The microfluidic devices are attractive candidates to produce highly uniform droplets that serve as templates to form monodisperse microparticles. The microfluidic devices that have micro-scale channel allow precise control of the balance between surface tension and viscous forces in two-phase flows. One of its essential abilities is to generate highly monodisperse droplets. In this paper, a microfluidic approach for preparing monodisperse polycaprolactone (PCL) microparticles is presented. The microfluidic devices that have a flow-focusing generator are manufactured by soft-lithography using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The crucial factors in the droplet generation are the controllability of size and monodispersity of the microdroplets. For this, the volumetric flow rates of the dispersed phase of oil solution and the continuous phase of water to generate monodisperse droplets are optimized. As a result, the optimal flow condition for droplet dripping region that is able to generate uniform droplet is found. Furthermore, the droplets containing PCL polymer by solvent evaporation after collection of droplet from device is solidified to generate the microparticle. The particle size can be controlled by tuning the flow rate and the size of the microchannel. The monodispersity of the PCL particles is measured by a coefficient of variation (CV) below 5%.