• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.327-335
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• 2021

We aimed to find new space types and characteristics for creating gardens in the city through the type of idle space in the city, present guidelines that can be used in creating gardens in the future, and establish basic data for expanding green infrastructure. As a result, we found that the idle space in the city was classified into four types, and it was determined that differentiation should be given to the creation of each type. The achievements of this study can be a potential source of urban ecosystem services that can provide community benefits and opportunities for urban regeneration through the redevelopment of the community and support the health and well-being of local residents. In addition, urban idle space can be a valuable resource as a green infrastructure that can be used to support the health of urban ecosystems and improve the quality of life of urban residents.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2003

Patient satisfaction is now recognized as a outcome indicator of health care quality. The objective of this research was to evaluate a patient satisfaction survey instrument specially applicable to dental care, and to examines the reliability and the effect of response biases on reported satisfaction. The acceptability of satisfaction as a quality indicators was qualified by several measurement problems. The patient questionnaire was administered in four different study samples to examine the consistency of data. Cronbach's alpha was used as the measure of internal consistency. A aquiesent bias was found in the sample of 80(20%) respondents. Response biases affacted level of measured satisfaction. Highly acquiesent respondents were older, less well educated than nonaquiesent subject.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.85-97
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• 2010

Internet communities are a typical space for knowledge creation and use on the Internet as people discuss their common interests within the internet communities. When we define 'Knowledge Communities' as internet communities that are related to knowledge creation and use, they are categorized into 4 different types such as 'Search Engine,' 'Open Communities,' 'Specialty Communities,' and 'Activity Communities.' Each type of knowledge community does not remain the same, for example. Rather, it changes with time and is also affected by the external business environment. Therefore, it is critical to develop processes for practical use of such changeable knowledge communities. Yet there is little research regarding a strategic framework for knowledge communities as a source of knowledge creation and use. The purposes of this study are (1) to find factors that can affect knowledge creation and use for each type of knowledge community and (2) to develop a strategic framework for practical use of the knowledge communities. Based on previous research, we found 7 factors that have considerable impacts on knowledge creation and use. They were 'Fitness,' 'Reliability,' 'Systemicity,' 'Richness,' 'Similarity,' 'Feedback,' and 'Understanding.' We created 30 different questions from each type of knowledge community. The questions included common sense, IT, business and hobbies, and were uniformly selected from various knowledge communities. Instead of using survey, we used these questions to ask users of the 4 representative web sites such as Google from Search Engine, NAVER Knowledge iN from Open Communities, SLRClub from Specialty Communities, and Wikipedia from Activity Communities. These 4 representative web sites were selected based on popularity (i.e., the 4 most popular sites in Korea). They were also among the 4 most frequently mentioned sitesin previous research. The answers of the 30 knowledge questions were collected and evaluated by the 11 IT experts who have been working for IT companies more than 3 years. When evaluating, the 11 experts used the above 7 knowledge factors as criteria. Using a stepwise linear regression for the evaluation of the 7 knowledge factors, we found that each factors affects differently knowledge creation and use for each type of knowledge community. The results of the stepwise linear regression analysis showed the relationship between 'Understanding' and other knowledge factors. The relationship was different regarding the type of knowledge community. The results indicated that 'Understanding' was significantly related to 'Reliability' at 'Search Engine type', to 'Fitness' at 'Open Community type', to 'Reliability' and 'Similarity' at 'Specialty Community type', and to 'Richness' and 'Similarity' at 'Activity Community type'. A strategic framework was created from the results of this study and such framework can be useful for knowledge communities that are not stable with time. For the success of knowledge community, the results of this study suggest that it is essential to ensure there are factors that can influence knowledge communities. It is also vital to reinforce each factor has its unique influence on related knowledge community. Thus, these changeable knowledge communities should be transformed into an adequate type with proper business strategies and objectives. They also should be progressed into a type that covers varioustypes of knowledge communities. For example, DCInside started from a small specialty community focusing on digital camera hardware and camerawork and then was transformed to an open community focusing on social issues through well-known photo galleries. NAVER started from a typical search engine and now covers an open community and a special community through additional web services such as NAVER knowledge iN, NAVER Cafe, and NAVER Blog. NAVER is currently competing withan activity community such as Wikipedia through the NAVER encyclopedia that provides similar services with NAVER encyclopedia's users as Wikipedia does. Finally, the results of this study provide meaningfully practical guidance for practitioners in that which type of knowledge community is most appropriate to the fluctuated business environment as knowledge community itself evolves with time.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.117-125
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• 2016

Implementation of patient feedback is considered as a critical part of effective and efficient management. This study is a retrospective survey after to ensure the medical convergence analysis of contents on customer dissatisfaction using medical services. The data were collected from dissatisfaction 319 case at a affiliated hospital. The result indicate that a repeat visit than the initial visit, outpatients were more dissatisfied than the inpatients. The type of dissatisfaction were more dissatisfied of the in communication and explanation of medical service, nursing service and procedure of administrative services. In the classification of disease the percentages of dissatisfaction in the digestive system and neoplasm were high in both groups(p<0.05). Based on the study to improve the quality of medical service. Prevent the recurrence of dissatisfaction and to establish a customer-oriented business strategy. Characterized by dissatisfaction factors and contents of each patient and should be structured to specific disease types of services through continuous medical convergence research.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.615-625
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• 2015

This paper proposes new methods and examples for improving fraud detection rules based on banking customer's transaction behaviors focused on anomaly detection method. This study investigates real example that FDS(Fraud Detection System) regards fraudulent transaction as legitimate transaction and figures out fraudulent types and transaction patterns. To understanding the cases that FDS regard legitimate transaction as fraudulent transaction, it investigates all transactions that requied additional authentications or outbound call. We infered additional facts to refine detection rules in progress of outbound calling and applied to existing detection rules to improve. The main results of this study is the following: (a) Type I error is decreased (b) Type II errors are also decreased. The major contribution of this paper is the improvement of effectiveness in detecting fraudulent transaction using transaction behaviors and providing a continuous method that elevate fraud detection rules.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.62-70
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• 1995

Rat liver sinusoids were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The sinusoids were provided with fenestrations which were divided into three types; small, medium-sized and large. The small fenestrations were usually gathered into clusters. The medium-sized fenestrations were either individually organized or in the cluster of small fenestrations. The large fenestrations were usually accompanied by small or medium-sized fenestrations. The lobule was divided into three zones; peripheral, intermediate and central, according to the distribution pattern of the fenestrations. The sinusoid providing with small fenestrations (type I) were predominant in the peripheral zone. The sinusoid showing medium-sized fenestrations (type II) were frequently observed in the central zone. The sinusoid having large fenestrations (type III) were abundant in the intermediate zone. This evidence indicate that the sinusoidal fenestrations become larger toward the intermediate zone from the peripheral zone of the lobule and progressively smaller toward the central zone. However, the fenestrations observed in the central zone seem to be larger than those seen in the peripheral zone of the lobule.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.133-153
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to observe the difference and patterns of relationship between parents-in-law and foreign daughters-in-law based on the perceived agreement of quality of relationship and communication. A total of 138 dyad relationships between parents-in-law and foreign daughters-in-law from Seoul, Kyunggi-Do, and Cholla-Do were analyzed. The study results showed that parents-in-law and foreign daughters-in-law perceived their relationship as an average and above and parents-in-law perceived their relationship more positively than daughters-in-law. A total of 4 clusters were categorized by cluster analysis based on the agreement of perceived relationship and communication: parents-in-law perceived their relationship positively but daughters-in-law were not(cluster 1), daughters-in-law perceived their relationship positively but parents-in-law were not(cluster 2), both parents-in-law and daughters-in-law perceived their relationship positively(cluster 3), both parents-in-law and daughters-in-law perceived their relationship negatively(cluster 4). In order to observe the characteristics of relationship patterns, ANOVA were performed. Cultural competency of parents-in-law appeared to relate to their relationship with daughters-in-law. Acculturative stress of daughters-in-law who have good relationship with their parents-in-law was low and marital satisfaction of them was high. In addition, life satisfaction of parents-in-law who have good relationship with their daughters-in-law was high. Implication of this study was discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.111-121
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• 2007

Diagnosis and Prediction of urban industrial structure is a key subject for establishment of sustainable urban development plan. By this time, studies of industry-related urban spatial structure have been concentrated on measurement of space distribution by industry type mainly using data about urban industries or total worker numbers. Now, status of workers become an important issue so this study analyzed qualitative change of urban industrial structure in the view of space using work status classification system. For that, data for work status in 1994 and 2004 were collected in towns and villages, and space analysis units were coincided based on change data between 1994 and 2004. Then, it analyzed spatial distribution pattern of employment through qualitative standard called work status using GIS. The analysis results by work status type of Busan industrial structure in GIS circumstance were as below. First, traditional labor intensive industries met a limit and service and wholesale/retail sale industries went to be poor livelihood. Therefore, Busan's employment rate should be decreased and worker numbers were statistically increased, however, irregular and non-wage workers were suddenly increased. So, it was determined that the quality of employment in Busan area came down. Second, a traditional downtown area has dwindled; on the other hand, employment has been increased in new town or new industrial complex and in the area developed services rather than the manufacturing industry. It is expected that the result of this study may be meaningful as data to prepare for longterm industrial development plan through qualitative evaluation called work status as well as to make behavior pattern of industrial structure which is basis of urban development.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2003

Purpose : Cortical dysplasia is known to be of variety of MR imaging findings. We attempted to classify MR imaging findings of cortical dysplasia into several types and to correlate those with histopathologic grades and subtypes. Materials and Methods : Preoperative MR images of 97 patients with pathologically-proven cortical dysplasia were retrospectively reviewed with knowledge of the diagnosis and operative sites. The patients were divided into MR-positive and MR-negative groups based on the presence or absence of MR imaging abnormalities. In MR-positive group, MR imaging features were arbitrarily classified into four types (atrophic, cortical-band, inward-rounding, and nonspecific types) on the basis of size of the gyrus and adjacent CSF space, cortical thickness, signal intensity of the subcortical white matter, and blurring of the gray-white matter junction. The pathologic findings were also retrospectively reviewed without knowledge of MR imaging findings and divided into three grades (mild, moderate, and severe) and two subtypes (nonballoon-cell and balloon-cell). Pathologic grades and subtypes we re compared between MR-positive and MR-negative groups. Four MR types of the MR-positive group were correlated with the pathologic grades and subtypes. Results : MR-positive and MR-negative groups consisted of 39 (40%) and 58 (60%) patients, respectively. Of the MR-positive group, atrophic type was seen in 13 patients (33 %), cortical-band type in 9 (23%), inward-rounding type in 9 (23%), and nonspecific type in 8 (21%). There was no significant difference in the pathologic grades between MR-positive and MR-negative groups, although MR-positive group tended to have higher pathologic grades than MR-negative group did. Balloon-cell subtype was found significantly higher in MR-positive group than in MR-negative group (p<0 .05): 21% (8/39) versus 5% (3/58). The inward-rounding type corresponded to the pathologically severe grade and balloon-cell subtype in 78% (7/9) and 56% (5/9) of the patients, respectively, while the atrophic type to the mild grade and nonballoon-cell subtype in 77% (10/13) and 100% (13/13), respectively. Conclusion : A variety of MR imaging abnormalities were found in 40% of the patients with cortical dysplasia and those were classified into four types (atrophic, cortical-band, inward-rounding, and nonspecific types), of which the inward-rounding type correlated well with the pathologically severe grade and balloon-cell subtype, whereas the atrophic type with the mild grade and nonballoon-cell subtype.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.32-44
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• 2005

314 pumping test data of the National Groundwater Monitoring Wells (NGMWs) are analyzed to present statistical properties of fractured-rock and alluvial aquifers of Korea such as distribution of hydraulic conductivity, empirical relations between transmissivity and specific capacity, and time-drawdown patterns of pumping and recovery test. The mean hydraulic conductivity of alluvial aquifers (1.26 m/day) is 17 times greater than that of fractured-rock aquifers (0.076 m/day). Hydraulic conductivity of fracture-rock aquifers ranges in value over 4 orders of magnitude which coincide with representative values of fractured crystalline rocks and shows distinctive differences among rock types with the lowest values for metamorphic rocks and the highest values for sedimentary rocks. In consideration of the estimated transmissivity with some simplifying assumptions, it Is likely that $32\%$ of groundwater flow for NGMWs would occur through fractured-rock aquifers and $68\%$ through alluvial aquifers. Based on 314 pairs of data, empirical relations between transmissivity and specific capacity are presented for both fractured-rock and alluvial aquifers. Depending on time-drawdown patterns during pumping and recovery test, NGMWs are classified into $4\~5$ types. Most of NCMWs $(83.7\%)$ exhibit the recharge boundary type, which call be attributed to sources of water supply such as streams adjacent to the pumping well, the vertical groundwater flux between fractured-rock and the alluvial aquifers, and the delayed yield associated with gravity drainage occurring in unconfined aquifers.