• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 2000

Eighty dairy farms (38 farms responded) in Palmerston North area of New Zealand were questioned by mail questionnaire on: 1) general characteristics, 2) milk yield and feed supplementary, 3) reproductive efficiencies (12 questions) and 4) reproductive disorders (12 questions) from February to July, 1998. Among those 4 items, the reproductive efficiencies (3) and disorders (4), various diseases and culling rates were surveyed and analyzed for Korean dairy farmers (especially in Cheju island) and compared with New Zealand. The results are as follows: 1. Fifteen farms in 38 dairy farms relied entirely on artificial insemination, the rest of 23 dairy farms (60.5%) raised 5∼6 bulls to increase conception rate. The dairy farmers in Palmerston North used artificial insemination from Oct 4th to Dec 10th for 42.8 days, and then used bulls from that point to coming Jan 10th for 41.4 days. The submission rate within 3, 6 and 10 weeks following the initiation of AI season was 84.7, 93.9 and 97.9% respectively. 2. The average age of heifers at the first estrus, pregnancy and calving was 11.0, 18.0 and 24.7 months respectively, and an average 1.4 estrus cycles were required for conception. The intervals of estrus recurrence and the following conception after calving were 38 and 68 days respectively. 3. Among inseminated cows, calving, abortion and empty cow was 90.9, 1.6 and 7.4% respectively. Calving rate decreased according to increasing farm size, while the number of empty cows decreased. 4. Stillbirth, retained placenta and delivery abnormalities were 5.3, 3.7 and 5.5% respectively, not different depend on herd size. 5. The incidence of milk fever, grass tetany, and ketosis was 3.6, 3.0 and 1.0%, respectively. The delivery abnormality and mastitis treated with medicine were 3.1 and 6.7%, but decreased according to farm size. Lameness was 8.6% on average, but over 10% in farms which has more than 400 milking cows. 6. Among the culled cows (15.5% of the total), those culled due to an old age, lameness and other diseases were 2.9, 1.8 and 4.3% respectively and those culled due to low milk production, reproductive abnormality reduced with farm size. 7. Compared with the data collected in Korea, the reproductive efficiency was better, and lameness, metabolic problem and culling rate were higher in New Zealand

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.384-389
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• 2008

Recently, the necessity of systems which effectively store and retrieve video data has increased. Conventional video retrieval systems retrieve data using menus or text based keywords. Due to the lack of information, many video clips are simultaneously searched, and the user must have a certain level of knowledge to utilize the system. In this paper, we suggest a natural language based conversational video retrieval system that reflects users' intentions and includes more information than keyword based queries. This system can also retrieve from events or people to their movements. First, an event database is constructed based on meta-data which are generated by domain analysis for collected video in an office environment. Then, a script database is also constructed based on the query pre-processing and analysis. From that, a method to retrieve a video through a matching technique between natural language queries and answers is suggested and validated through performance and process evaluation for 10 users The natural language based retrieval system has shown its better efficiency in performance and user satisfaction than the menu based retrieval system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.201-218
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• 2007

This study proposes a topic distillation algorithm that ranks the relevant sites selected from retrieved web pages, and evaluates the performance of the algorithm. The algorithm calculates the topic score of a site using its hierarchical structure. The TREC .GOV test collection and a set of TREC-2004 queries for topic distillation task are used for the experiment. The experimental results showed the algorithm returned at least 2 relevant sites in top ten retrieval results. We peformed an in-depth analysis of the relevant sites list provided by TREC-2004 to find out that the definition of topic distillation was not strictly applied in selecting relevant sites. When we re-evaluated the retrieved sites/sub-sites using the revised list of relevant sites, the performance of the proposed algorithm was improved significantly.

• Database Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.69-85
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• 2018

Many researches proposed federated query engines to perform query on several homogeneous or heterogeneous datasets simultaneously that significantly improve the quality of query results. The existing techniques allow querying only over a few heterogeneous datasets considering the static binding using the non-standard query. However, we observe that a simultaneous system considering the integration of heterogeneous metadata standards can offer better opportunity to generalize the query over any homogeneous and heterogeneous datasets. In this paper, we propose a transparent federated engine (DRAZ) to query over multiple data sources using SPARQL. In our system, we first develop the ontology for a non-RDF metadata standard based on the metadata kernel dictionary elements, which are standardized by the metadata provider. For a given SPARQL query, we translate any triple pattern into an API call to access the dataset of corresponding non-RDF metadata standard. We convert the results of every API call to N-triples and summarize the final results considering all triple patterns. We evaluated our proposed DRAZ using modified Fedbench benchmark queries over heterogeneous metadata standards, such as DCAT and DOI. We observed that DRAZ can achieve 70 to 100 percent correctness of the results despite the unavailability of the JOIN operations.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 2004

Views are essential in providing logical data independence for database systems. Object views in object-oriented/object-relational databases have requirements quite different from those of relational databases due to support for object-oriented concepts. Although many commercial object-oriented/object-relational database systems support object views, implementation techniques have not been discussed sufficiently in the literature. In this paper, we devise a technique for implementing views in object-oriented/object-relational databases and apply it to the ODYSSEUS object-relational database system. We first analyze the requirements of object views. Next, to implement object views, we extend the existing query modification algorithm that has been proposed for implementing views in relational databases. Next, we compare the features of the proposed object view with those of object views in commercial object-relational database systems. It is shown that the proposed object view supports all object-oriented concepts such as object identifiers, inheritance, methods, and composite objects, while existing object views support part of them. Last, we propose detailed techniques for implementing the extended query modification algorithm in the ODYSSEUS object-relational database system.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.151-164
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• 2000

The Visual Object Query Language (VOQL) recently proposed for object databases has been successful in visualizing path expressions and set-related conditions, and providing formal semantics. However, VOQL has several problems. Due to unrealistic assumptions, only set-related conditions can be represented in VOQL. Due to the lack of explicit language construct for the notion of variables, queries are often awkard and less intuitive. In this paper, we propose VOQL*, which extends VOQL to remove these drawbacks. We introduce the notion of visual variables and refine the syntax and semantics of VOQL based on visual variables. We carefully design the language constructs of VOQL* to reflect the syntax of OOPC, so that the constructs such as visual variables, visual elements, VOQL* simple terms, VOQL* structured terms, VOQL* basic formulas, VOQL* formulas, and VOQL* query expressions are hierarchically and inductively constructed as those of OOPC. Most important, we formally define the semantics of each language construct of VOQL* by induction using OOPC. Because of the well-defined syntax and semantics, queries in VOQL* are clear, concise, and intuitive. We also provide an effective procedure to translate queries in VOQL* into those in OOPC. We believe that VOQL* is the first visual query language with the well-defined syntax reflecting the syntactic structure of logic and semantics formally defined by induction.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 1983

Inversion at variable time of the uncleaved eggs of Rana nigromaculata and Rana dybowskii was emplyed to study the mechanisms of early embryogenesis. The response to inversion varied between those two spcies. If the eggs were inverted at early time it was possible to change the site of the first cleavage furrow of Rana nigromaculata-it appeared on the original vegetal hemisphere (OpG side). However, the first cleavage furrow of Rana dybowskii was not changed at all no matter what its inversin time was-it always appeared on the original animal hemisphere (G. side). In the inverted Rana nigromaculata embryos the size of the blastomeres on the vegetal hemisphere was always smaller than those of animal hemisphere. On the ocntrary, the cleavage pattern of Rana dybowskii was not altered. Results of the histological works for the inverted eggs suggest that the different responses to inversion might be caused by the fact that the extent to which the redistribution of the egg components such as cleavage nuclei and yolk platelets are different.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1992

동양달팽이 (Nesiohelix samarangae)는 동양달팽이속(Nesiohelix)에 속하는 종으로 한국에서 동양？팽이속으로는 유일하게 발견되는 종이다. 본 실험에서는 동양달팽이의 웅성생식기관의 각 부분 즉, 난정소(ovotestis), 양성관(hermaphrodite duct), 수정실(fertilization chamber), 전립선(prostate), 수정관(vas deferens), 상음경(epiphallus), 음경(penis)등의 배열 상태를 관찰하고 이들에 대한 광학현미경적 관찰을 위해 Hematoxylin- Eosin염색과 Mallory 염색을 실시하였다. 난정소(ovotestis)는 많은 수의 선포(acini)로 이루어져 있으며 각 선포는 배상피세포층(germinal epithelial cell layer)과 영양세포(nurse cell), 생식세포(gamete cell)들로 이루어져 있었다. 선포(acini)는 원주상피로 덮여있었다. 양성관(hermaphrodite duct)은 가늘고 긴 관으로 내벽은 섬모입방상피세포와 얇은 결합조직층으로 이루어져 있었으며 내강은 농축된 정자로 가득 차 있었다 . 수정관(fertilization chamber)은 3개의 도관이 결합조직에 의해 둘러싸인 형태로 이루어져 있었다. 도관의 상피세포는 뚜렷한 위중층섬모원주세포로 되어 있었다. 전립선(prostaoe)은 분비기능을 가진 것으로 사료되는 세포들과 실제 분비가 일어나는 실(chamber)로 이루어져 있었으나 다른 염색법 또는 전자현미경적 관찰에 의해 다른 구조들의 존재유무를 확인 해야할 것으로 사료된다. 실(chamber)은 분비포로 보이는 세포들과 접해 있었다. 수정관(vas deferens)은 결합조직으로 이루어진 근육질의 두꺼운 벽을 가지고 있었으며 내강은 돌출부위에 의해 4부분으로 갈라져 있었다. 내강에 연한 상피는 원주세포로 되어 있었다. 상음경(epiphallus)의 벽은 근섬유 다발은 벽의 외곽으로 갈수록 밀도가 높아졌다. 상부에 내강과 연결되는 함입구조(groove)를 가지며, 내강에 연한 상피는 섬모가 없는 원주세포로 이루어져 있었다. 음경(penis)은 근섬유가 산재된 두꺼운 벽을 가졌으며 상음경보다 굵은 원통형이었다. 내강은 많은 돌출부에 의해 복잡하게 나뉘어 있으며 상피세포는 원주 세포로 이루어져 있었고 섬모는 관찰되지 않았다. 내강 내의 분비물과 세포의 형태로 보아 내강상피세포는 분비기능을 가진 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.15-23
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• 2008

This paper proposes a CIB framework implementing a ubiquitous smart space. In a ubiquitous smart space, a ubiquitous mobile device recognizes surrounding context, and infers the situation and provides services to users. Ubiquitous mobile devices have a RDF store to manage resources and relevant information efficiently on CIB framework. This store space is flexible on the operations such as addition, modification, deletion of information and response to query by SPARQL. In addition, it provides local information to other ubiquitous mobile devices in the from of XML and stores resource information from other ubiquitous mobile devices into local ubiquitous mobile device for the purpose of discovering external resources.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-134
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• 1995

한국산 산민달팽이 (Incilaria fruhstorferi)의 자성 생식기관을 조직화학적 방법을 이용, 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 알부민선(albumen gland)은 대자웅동체관 위에 있으며, 산성 점액다당류와 중성 점액다당류 그리고 단백질성 분비물을 형성하는 세포들로 구성되어 있었다. 수정실(fertilization chamber)을 구성하는 내강 상피는 불규칙한 단층섬모원주상피와 위중층섬모원주상피세포가 3대 1의 비율로 구성되어 있으며, 결합조직에서 형성된 산성점액다다류성 과립들이 상피세포를 거쳐 내강 속으로 분비되었다. 또한 수정실의 외측표면은 기능은 알 수 없으나 산성 점액다당류를 분비하는 대형 세포들로 둘러싸여 있었다 . 수란관(oviduct)의 내강은 크로 작은 돌기로 인해 별모양을 나타내었다. 내강은 위중층원주상피세포로 구성되었으며 그들 사이에서 분비세포의 존재는 확인되지 않았다.질(vagina)의내강은 덮은 세포는 해면조직 형태의 세포와 단층섬모원주상피세포 그리고 위중층섬모원주상피세포 등 다양한 종류로 구성되어 있었으며, 잘 발달된 두터운 근육층은 질의 신축성을 높여 주었다. 정자낭(spermatheca)은 그 형태와 크기, 색깔 등이 종에 따라 다양하고, 질과 연결되는 자성생식기관으로 알려져 있다.