• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1213-1221
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• 2006

In this study, granular sludge used in an anaerobic process treating brewery waste was inoculated in a laboratory scale of reactor to induce anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX). The reactor was operated with synthetic wastewater, which prepared at 1:1 ratio of $NH_4^+-N$ over $NO_2^--N$. Changes in nitrogen concentration, COD, alkalinity and gas production were analyzed. There are 3 phases of spanning in experimental period according to influent nitrogen concentration. In the Phase 1, each of the concentration of $NH_4^+-N$ and $NO_2^--N$ were increased from 1.91 $gN/m^3{\cdot}d$ to 14.29 $gN/m^3{\cdot}d$. Ammonium nitrogen loading(same as nitrite nitrogen) was 23.81 $gN/m^3{\cdot}d$ in the Phase 2 and 19.05 $gN/m^3{\cdot}d$ in the Phase 3, respectively $NO_2^--N$ has been removed up to 99% during whole period while the removal efficiency of $NH_4^+-N$ was significantly varied. In Phase 2, $NH_4^+-N$ was removed up to 75%. Microorganisms varied temporally through three phases were characterized by 16s rDNA analysis methods. ANAMMOX bacteria were dominantly found in phase 2 when the removal rate of $NO_2^--N$and $NH_4^+-N$ was the highest up to 99% and 75%, respectively. Due to erroneous exposed to air, the removal efficiency of $NH_4^+-N$ was unexpectedly lowered, but ANAMMOX bacteria still existed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 2012

In this study, a 3-stage biological aerated filter (BAF) system was proposed to enhance nitrogen removal in the treatment of low carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) municipal wastewater. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dynamic-flow at the HRT of 6 h. Results of the long-term operation of 3-stage BAF systems showed that the dynamic-flow enabled the total nitrogen removal (T-N) removal efficiency of the system to be about 7 % higher than that of non-dynamic-flow system in treating domestic wastewater due to the more efficient use of organic substrates. The overall $NH_4$-N removal performance was stable during the operational period due to the unique system configuration where independent nitrification occurred. It was concluded that the 3-stage BAF system proposed in this study provided excellent performance in the removal of nitrogen by employing dynamic-flow and three columns functioning as sorption, denitrification and nitrification, respectively.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.153
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• pp.30-35
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• 1999

본 실험은 준혐기-호기(A/O, anoxic/oxic)순환공정으로서 시간별 주기변화를 통해 영양염류의 제거특성을 비교 검토하였고 이를 토대로 돈사폐수를 고도 처리 할 때 최적 운전주기와 설계인자를 도출하였다. 아울러 돈사폐수의 질소 제거특성을 분석하는 과정에서 폐수의 특성상 질산화 발생이 저해되는 현상을 관찰하였다. 따라서 이것을 규명하기 위해 질산화에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 중심으로 고찰하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.5-19
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• 1997

• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.21 no.12 s.244
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• pp.99-103
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• 1999

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.130-131
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• 2000

알루미늄판만 있는 경우보다 구리판이 첨가되었을 때 인 제거율은 높았으나 알루미늄판만 첨가하여도 수중의 인 제거가 가능하였고, 알루미늄판 표면적이 클수록 인제거 시간이 빨랐으며, 수중 전해질농도가 높을수록 인제거 시간은 단축되었고, 알루미늄판을 재 사용하였을 때는 구리판과 전해질 농도의 영향과는 상관없이 24시간만에 제거되었으며, 또한 비폭기시에는 공식이 일어나지 않아 인이 제거피지 않고 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 인이 제거되는 과정에서 COD와 질소 제거에는 영향을 주지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2008

Nitrogen is one of the major pollutants that should be removed by wastewater treatment systems. Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) is a key technology in advanced wastewater treatment systems operated by bacterial populations. Nitrification is the first step of microbiological processes in BNR system. Ammonia is oxidized to nitrite by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and then nitrite is subsequently oxidized to nitrate by nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The diversity of NOB in nitrification reactors of 3 BNR systems, Edited biological aerated filter system, Nutrient removal laboratory system, and the Rumination type sequencing batch reactor system, was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA genes. Cluster analysis of T-RF profiles showed that communities of Nitrobacter group in each system were different depending upon the process of systems. However, the clusters of Nitrospira group were divided by the habitat of aqueous and solid samples.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.489-501
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• 2012

The nitrogen removal characteristics of the MBR system consisted of two intermittent reactors, a membrane reactor and a deaeration reactor under constant flow and wastewater composition at different operational temperature and SRTs (Sludge Retention Times) were studied by computer simulation. The nitrogen removal efficiencies were dropped from 59% to 31%, when operational temperature was increased to $25^{\circ}C$ from $13^{\circ}C$ with same SRT of 25 days. Lower RBO (Readily Biodegradable Organic) concentrations at intermittent reactors at $25^{\circ}C$ compared with those at $13^{\circ}C$ of operational temperature were believed to be the main cause. The nitrogen removal efficiencies and RBO concentrations at each intermittent reactors were recovered when SRT was reduced to 12.6 days at $25^{\circ}C$. The effect of both SRT and operational temperature on RBO concentrations at intermittent reactors is need to be studied further.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.237-245
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• 2019

Ammonia nitrogen is well known as a substance that causes the eutrophication with a phosphorus in the water, because it is contained in the industrial wastewater, agricultural and the stockbreeding wastewater. In addition, manganese (Mn) and arsenic (As) are included in the mine treated water, etc., and are known as a source of water pollution. Natural zeolites are used to remove ammonia nitrogen in water but it have a low adsorption capacity. In order to improve the low adsorption capacity of the natural zeolite, ion substitution was carried out with $Na^+$, $Ca^{2+}$, $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$. The adsorption capacity and removal rate of ammonia nitrogen ($NH_4-N$) were the highest at 0.66 mg/g and 89.8% in $Na^+$ ion exchanged zeolite. Adsorption experiments of Mn and As were performed using ion exchanged zeolites. Ion exchanged zeolite with $Mg^{2+}$ showed high adsorption capacity and removal rates of Mn and As.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 1999

The immobilization of nitrifier consortium was carried out for the application to recirculating aquaculture system(RAS). The abilities of $NH_4^+$-N removal by immobilized nitrifier consortia prepared with boric acid treated, ethanol treated, ad freezing-thawing treated PVA beads at the concentration 15% were examined. To identify the possibility of applying the beads in the fluidized bed reactor, characteristics of beads were evaluated. The suitable bead was boric acid treated beads which had highest ammonia removal rate of 16.09 g/$m^3$/day. It took 12 days for nitrifier consortium immobilized beads to be stable for the removal of $NH_4^+$-N. Life spans of the beads were more than three months with aggressive aeration in the fluidized ed reactor when nitrifier consortia immobilized in PVA beads were used. In order to apply the nitrifier consortium immobilized beads to aquaculture facility, the continuous reactor was used for 49 days with synthetic aquacultural water containing 2 mg/L ammonia. The highest ammonia removal rate of 31.87 g/$m^3$/day was observed when hydraulic residence time was 0.6 hour(36min.).