• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1017-1023
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• 2003

Recently, the use an electric apparatus has brought into concerns about health risks from exposure to electromagnetic fields. During the last 2 decades, a number of epidemiological studies have explored the association between childhood leukaemia and residential exposure to power-frequency electromagnetic fields. Several studies have suggested that there is a small excess leukaemia risk with magnetic field exposure above 2 mG. A number of governmental and international organizations have developed exposure gudelines. The most rigid regulation with exposure levels for the elementary school and hospital has been enacted by Switzerland. Although there is no convincing supportive laboratory evidence, and the absence of a plausible biological mechanism of disease causation limits, governments are increasingly called on to adopt precautionary approaches to regulating electromagnetic field exposures. The government would need to establish the policy for electromagnetic fields and continually to be concerned about possible health risks from exposure to electromagnetic fields.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2008

Family-based tests such as the transmission and disequilibrium tests(TDT) have proved to be powerful tools in the search for disease genes. Unlike case-control studies, the tests are not affected by population admixture, which can lead to spurious association of multiple highly linked makers with disease-susceptible genes. Those tests have largely required knowledge of parental marker genotypes. However, parental data are often not available for late-onset diseases. In this article we propose sib-TDTs that overcome this problem by use of marker data from unaffected sib(s) instead of parents. To do this end, we fist defined a Mantel-Haenszel-type statistic for each haplotype and then proposed two tests based on this statistic. Simulation studies suggest that the proposed tests are robust to population admixture and are monotone increasing as a relative risk increases irrespective of mode of inheritance. We also illustrated the proposed tests with data adopted from Yonsei Cardiovascular Genome Center.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.4 s.44
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• pp.574-586
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• 1993

This study was to examine the actual conditions and contributing factors of absenteeism in manufacturing workers. Subjects were 1,184 workers employed in Taejon city and the observation period for absenteeism was 3 months (June to August), 1992. We obtained the following results. 1. Percentage of the absentees among the studied subjects were 21.1% in gross absence and 6.9% in sickness absence. Gross absence rate of subjects was 1.2% and sickness absence rate was 0.5%. 2. In the group of absentees, mean days of absence was 2.8 days and those of sickness was 4.4 days. Mean days of sickness absence due to injury was higher than that of illness, but the total days of sickness absence was high in extremity injuries, trunk injury, general fatigue, head injury, musculoskeletal problem in that order. 3. Variables contributing to the absence were job classification, education level, working hours per day, exposure of noxious factor, worker classification. 4. In the group of absentees, variables influencing the gross absence rate were working atmosphere, body mass infer, working environment, working hours per day but those of the sickness absence were working hours per day, education level and working atomosphere.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

We are investigated about the state of the working circumstances and infection blocking facility within Metropolitan, Chungcheong and Gyeongsang regions in Korea. The result is as follows. The HAV vaccination rate is 35% and the HBV vaccination rate is 50% among the funeral directors. We expected that the infection risk of funeral directors was very high. Significantly, tuberculosis prevalence rate of funeral director was four times as high as the public. The wear rate of gown, mask, gloves showed relatively high than the others. The wear rate of individual protective equipments has decreased with work experience. The funeral directors have shown that there is difficult to get safe protection from infection. The personal hygiene of funeral directors and the infection blocking equipment should be strengthened institutionally. We are thought to recommend institutional support about infection management, individual protective equipment, vaccination of funeral director and guideline to avoid reversion to previous habitual behavior.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.559-566
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• 2017

Despite the government operating various preventive programs to ward off accidents and diseases on business sites, diseases rates are not decreasing, unlike accident rates. In many cases, diseases caused by work have a latent period before symptoms appear or progress over a longer term, making it difficult for workers to prove the causal relation between their work and the diseases. Moreover, data related to the business site are mostly owned by the employer. Even if the employee has access to parts of such data, his lack of medical expertise limits his ability to identify the characteristics of the diseases and how it appears. In August, 2017 the Supreme Court did an about-face with its ruling on the case involving diseases caused by exposure to harmful substances in work environments, by easing the burden of proof on the employees. As such, this study focuses on the case to analyze cases involving diseases that have occurred in work environments and present their implications. In doing so, the study seeks to provide a basic set of data that can help secure the employees' labor rights and rights to health by complementing the current law in relation to recognizing industrial incidents caused by rare diseases and making work environments safer for employees.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2018

Glycans are attached to proteins as in glycoproteins and proteoglycans. They are found on the exterior surface of cells. O- and N-linked glycans are very common in eukaryotic cells but may also be found in prokaryotes. The interaction of cell surface glycans with complementary glycan binding proteins located on neighboring cells, other cell types, pathogens like virus, or bacteria is crucial in biologically and biomedically important processes like pathogen recognition, cell migration, cell-cell adhesion, development, and infection. Their implication in pathological condition, suggests an important role for glycans as disease markers. In addition, a great amount of research has been shown that appropriate glycosylation of a recombinant therapeutic protein is critical for product solubility, stability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, bioactivity, and safety. Besides, cancer-associated glycosylation changes often involve sialic acid in glycan branch which play important roles in cell-cell interaction, recognition and immunological response. This review aims at giving a comprehensive overview of the glycan's biological function and describing the relevance among the glycosylation, disease diagnosis and treatment methods. Furthermore, the high-throughput analytic methods available to measure the profile changing patterns of glycan in the blood serum as well as possible underlying biochemical mechanisms.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.80-96
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• 2016

Recently, a series of lawsuits were filed in Korea claiming tort liability against tobacco companies. The Supreme Court has already issued decisions in some cases, while others are still pending. The primary issue in these cases is whether the epidemiological evidence submitted by the plaintiffs clearly proves the causal relationship between smoking and disease as required by civil law. Proving causation is difficult in tobacco lawsuits because factors other than smoking are involved in the development of a disease, and also because of the lapse of time between smoking and the manifestation of the disease. The Supreme Court (Supreme Court Decision, 2011Da22092, April 10, 2014) has imposed some limitations on using epidemiological evidence to prove causation in tobacco lawsuits filed by smokers and their family members, but these limitations should be reconsidered. First, the Court stated that a disease can be categorized as specific or non-specific, and for each disease type, causation can be proven by different types of evidence. However, the concept of specific diseases is not compatible with multifactor theory, which is generally accepted in the field of public health. Second, when the epidemiological association between the disease and the risk factor is proven to be significant, imposing additional burdens of proof on the plaintiff may considerably limit the plaintiff's right to recovery, but the Court required the plaintiffs to provide additional information such as health condition and lifestyle. Third, the Supreme Court is not giving greater weight to the evidential value of epidemiological study results because the Court focuses on the fact that these studies were group-level, not individual-level. However, group-level studies could still offer valuable information about individual members of the group, e.g., probability of causation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.235-247
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• 2019

Serological monitoring has been conducted worldwide for early diagnosis of disease and monitoring of immune status in poultry. This study was conducted to evaluate the immune status of layers with sera submitted to the Avian Disease Laboratory, Chungbuk National University from 2015 to 2017. The test results were analyzed by the time submitted and by the age of the chicks. Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) showed a low positive rate of antibody compared with those of Newcastle disease, indicating that domestic vaccination against LPAI was not sufficient. The antibody profile of infectious bronchitis (IB) depicted high level of titer and a low tendency of CV as compared to the uninfected control flocks, which indicated that most layer farms have been exposed to the field IB virus. In case of avian metapneumovirus infection (aMPV) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), since the introduction of the vaccine in 2011 and 2017, respectively, the positive rate and the titer level were higher than those in pevious times. No significant difference in the changes of seasonal result was observed, indicating proper vaccination and improvement in biosecurity and management.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.103-106
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• 2015

The importance of disease prevention and risks of infection for funeral workers is present but it has not been studied about disease prevention of funeral workers in Korea. Health cares of funeral workers in Korea live in poor surroundings, because it depends on only effort of Funeral home or workers. And nationwide survey and guideline made for the infection of funeral workers almost do not exist. We propose the guideline about high infectious disease, personal hygiene, physical and spatial management in Korea. We aim to exploit the guidelines in the control, or ideally the eradication, of the disease or infection conditions we are considering. This guidelines contain a guide to funeral director's control procedures and equipment for infectious disease.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2018

Sepsis and meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis are rare in neonates, but neonatal sepsis and meningitis are associated with a high rate of mortality. Meningococcal disease is commonly reported in older children and adolescents and is known to be more prevalent in community settings. In this study, a 16-day-old neonate was diagnosed with serogroup B meningococcal sepsis and meningitis. The baby was treated with antibiotics at the early stages of the infection and was discharged in good condition without any complications. This case report can serve to raise awareness of the incidence and importance of meningococcal infection in neonates, especially serogroup B.