• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.77-77
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• 2009

ELV(; End of Life Vehicles)를 비롯한 최근 환경 동향은 자동차 전장 모듈에 대하여 다양한 무연 솔더 적용을 요구하고 있다. 특히 자동차 엔진룸과 트랜스미션은 가동 중 고온 및 진동의 지속적인 영향을 받기 때문에 이와 유사한 환경에서의 신뢰성 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 Sn3.5Ag, Sn0.7Cu, Sn5.0Sb 솔더 조성에 대하여 복합환경 조건하에서 접합부 신뢰성을 평가하였다. 복합환경을 구현하기 위하여 $-40{\sim}150^{\circ}C$ 범위의 온도 사이클과 랜덤 진동을 동시에 인가하였으며, 진동 가속도 3G, 진동주파수는 10~1000Hz 로 설정하여 자동차 환경을 충족하였다. 복합시험의 1 cycle 은 20 시간이며, 총 120 시간의 시험 동안 진동의 영향 및 진동과 고온이 동시에 작용하였을 경우의 영향에 대해 비교하였다. 테스트 모듈 제작을 위해 450 um 의 솔더볼이 적용되었으며, 각 조성의 솔더볼을 이용하여 BGA test chip 제작하였고, 제작된 BGA test chip 은 다시 daisy chain PCB 위에 실장 및 리플로우 공정을 통해 접합되었다. 테스트 동안 In-situ 로 저항의 변화를 관찰하여 파단의 유무를 판단하였고 전자주사현미경을 통해 파괴 기전을 평가하였다. 복합시험 시간에 따른 전단강도를 측정하였으며, 각 조성에 대하여 상이한 전단강도 변화를 관찰하였다. 계면 IMC 형상은 전단강도 변화에 영향을 주었으며, 특히 높은 온도가 IMC 성장을 촉진시켜 전단강도 감소에 영향을 주었다. 본 복합환경 시험 조건에서는 Sn0.7Cu 가 가장 안정적이었으며, 파단면을 관찰한 결과 연성파괴 모드가 관찰되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.238-243
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• 1998

Measurement technique using only one sensor for complex modal testing of the asymmetric rotor is proposed. The reverse directional frequency response function of asymmetric rotor, which is known to be indicative of the degree of asymmetry in a symmetric rotor, is also shown to be identified with simplest technique requiring only one sensor and one excitor. It lessens the testing efforts and its practicality is verified by numerical simulation. The measurement and excitation techniques for complex modal testing are also summarized so that the efficient complex modal testing can be possible according to the kind of rotor system.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.64-72
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• 2009

In order to convert efficiently vibration energy of a car tire wheel into electrical power by using piezoelectric materials, the design of the materials must be performed for the dynamic characteristics of the piezoelectric materials to be matched with them of the vibration energy sources well. An accelerometer was installed on the tire wheel with a slip ring to investigate the dynamic mode of the wheel as one of the vibration energy sources. During road test, the measurement on the vibration mode of the tire wheel was performed with variations of car speed and road condition. The experimental data were analyzed details for availability as a micro power source for wireless TPMS(Tire Pressure Monitoring System).

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.98-105
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• 2005

This paper presents the result of the aeroelastic stability test of the small-scaled hingeless hub system with composite paddle blades in hover and forward flight conditions. Excitation tests of hingeless hub system installed in GSRTS(General Small-scale Rotor Test System) at KARI(Korea Aerospace Research Institute) were carried out to get lead-lag damping ratio of blades with flexures as hub flexure. MBA(Moving Block Analysis) technique was used for the estimation of lead-lag damping ratio. First, blades with metal flexures, then with composite flexures of the same dynamic properties of rotor system as metal one were tested. Tests were done on the ground and in the wind tunnel according to the test conditions of hover and forward flight, respectively. Composite flexures were found to have better damping characteristics over metal ones in the non-rotating vibration test, and it was confirmed that the use of composite flexures would give observable improvement in aeroelastic stability compared to metal ones in all test conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2011

A modal method is presented for the investigation of the effects of measurement errors in damage detection for dynamic structural systems. The structural modifications to the baseline system result in the response changes of the perturbed structure, which are measured to determine a unique system in the inverse problem of damage detection. If the numerical modal data are exact, mathematical programming techniques can be applied to obtain the accurate structural changes. In practice, however, the associated measurement errors are unavoidable, to some extent, and cause significant deviations from the correct perturbed system because of the intrinsic instability of eigenvalue problem. Hence, a self-equilibrating inverse system is allowed to drift in the close neighborhood of the measured data. A numerical example shows that iterative procedures can be used to search for the damaged structural elements. A small set of selected degrees of freedom is employed for practical applicability and computational efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.489-496
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• 2019

This paper is a study on the evaluation of loss factor of damping treatment materials to reduce the noise and vibration for panels of railway vehicles and automobiles. In order to determine the modal parameters of damping materials, beam excitation tests were carried out using different type PVC coated aluminum and steel base beam specimens. The specimens were excited from 10 Hz to 1000 Hz frequency range using sinusoidal force, and transfer mobility data were measured by using an accelerometer. The loss factors were determined by using integrated program, based on theories of Half Power Method, Minimum Tangent Error Method, Minimum Angle Error Method and Phase Change Method, which enable to evaluate the parameters using modal circle fit and least squares error method. In the case of lower loss factor and data of linear characteristics, any method could be applied for evaluation of parameters, however the case of higher loss factor or data including non-linear characteristics, the minimum angle error method could reduce the loss factor evaluation. The obtained dynamic properties of the coating material could be used for application of Finite Element Method analyzing the noise control effects of complex structures such as carbody or under-floor boxes of rolling stock. The damping material will be very useful to control the structural noise, because the obtained modal loss factors of each mode show very good effect on over $2^{nd}$ mode frequency range.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.205-214
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• 1999

구조물의 동특성(고유진동수, 감쇠, 모드형상 등)의 변화는 구조물의 안전도를 평가할 수 있는 한 방법이다. 본 연구에서 콘크리트 세그먼트의 웨브 부분에 상당히 많은 균열이 진전되고 있는 상태의 Post-Tensioned Segmental 콘크리트 교량의 안전도 평가를 시도하였다. 안전도 평가를 위한 근간 데이터로 1986년 측정했던 데이터와 2차원 유한요소해석에서 얻은 결과값을 사용했다. 손상의 정도와 손상의 위치를 보다 정확히 찾아내기 위한 기술 중의 한 방법으로 Modal Test를 이용하였다. 이 방법이 Post-Tensioned Segmental 콘크리트 교량에 적용되어 교량의 안전도를 분석 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.340-343
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• 2011

장대 케이블 교량의 풍응답을 계측할 수 있는 무선센서네트워크 기반의 풍응답 계측시스템을 개발하고, 이를 사용하여 인천대교의 시공단계별로 고유진동수, Mode Shape과 같은 Modal Parameters의 변화를 추정하고 보강형에서의 풍압분포와 보강형, 주탑, 케이블의 가속도를 계측하여 내풍 성능을 분석하였다. 개발된 계측 시스템은 인천대교 사장교의 전체 거동을 계측할 수 있도록, 1.5km 범위에 넓게 분포된 최대 55 Nodes에서 최대 1kHz의 동기화된 계측을 수행할 수 있으며, 각 Node별로 3축가속도나 풍압을 측정할 수 있다. 전체 Node에서 가속도를 계측하는 경우에는 최대 165 Channel을 1kHz로 측정할 수 있다. Modal 해석의 경우에, 고가교, 접속교, 사장교 주탑, 보강형, 케이블의 시공 단계별 동특성의 변화를 추정하였으며, 고가교에서는 모드해석을 통해 역추정한 구조계수를 정적재하실험 및 실험실에서의 Mold 시험결과와 비교하였으며 사장교 케이블에서는 케이블 댐퍼의 성능을 분석하였다. 또한 인천대교 보강형에서의 풍압분포를 계측하였으며, 풍압의 공간상관관계를 분석하였고, 풍하중 및 풍진동 특성을 분석하여 가속도 계측 결과와 비교하였다. 계측 및 분석 결과를 바탕으로 장대교량의 내풍성능을 확보하고 향상시키는데 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1243-1249
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• 2012

Finite element models are updated in two stages in this paper. In the first stage, damping is neglected, and mass and stiffness matrices of a finite element model are updated using an optimization technique. The objective function for optimization consists of natural frequencies and mode shapes obtained from experimental modal testing data and finite element analysis. In the second stage, damping is considered with the mass and stiffness matrices fixed. A damping matrix is estimated assuming a proportional damping system. Then the damping matrix is adjusted using an optimization process so that the difference between the analytical and measured frequency response functions becomes minimum. This procedure of model updating has been applied to a simulated system and an experimental cantilever beam.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 1989

The optimal control of xenon concentration in a nuclear reactor is posed as a linear quadratic regulator problem with state feedback control. Since it is not possible to measure the state variables such as xenon and iodine concentrations directly, implementation of the optimal state feedback control law requires estimation of the unmeasurable state variables. The estimation method used is based on the Luenberger observer. The set of the reactor kinetics equations is a stiff system. This singularly perturbed system arises from the interaction of slow dynamic modes (iodine and xenon concentrations) and fast dynamic modes (neutron flux, fuel and coolant temperatures). The singular perturbation technique is used to overcome this stiffness problem. The observer-based controller of the original system is effected by separate design of the observer and controller of the reduced subsystem and the fast subsystem. In particular, since in the reactor kinetics control problem analyzed in the study the fast mode dies out quickly, we need only design the observer for the reduced slow subsystem. The results of the test problems demonstrated that the state feedback control of the xenon oscillation can be accomplished efficiently and without sacrificing accuracy by using the observer combined with the singular perturbation method.