• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2011

The ceramic coatings are excellent materials of cutting tools and sliding parts. To evaluate the wear characteristics of very thin ceramic coated layer, it is very important to investigate its wear process microscopically. An effective method for investigating the wear of a thin layer is the observation of wear process in microscopic detail using in-situ system. In this study, using the SEM Tribosystem as in-situ system, the microscopic wear mode of TiN coatings was investigated in repeated sliding. As results, four modes were observed for TiN coatings: Ploughing, powder formation, flake formation and coating delimitation. The observation of the microscopic wear by in-situ system can clarify the allowable stress of TiN coating.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2004

• Polymer Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.765-772
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• 1996

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.301-309
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to determine the microtubule assembly and chromatin configuration during the first cell cycle in bovine oocytes following injection of spermatozoon, sperm head and tail. The microtubule and chromatin configuration was imaged with fluorescent labeled monoclonal ${\alpha}$-tubulin antibody and propidium iodide under laser scanning confocal microscope. Microtubule and chromatin dynamics in bovine oocytes following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were not different from those observed during in vitro fertilization (IVF). Following ICSI, the microtubular aster was observed around sperm midpiece. During pronuclear formation, the sperm aster was enlarged and seen around male and female pronuclei. At mitotic metaphase, the microtubular spindle assemble astral poles and chromosomes were aligned on the spindle equator. At mitosis, asters were concentrated to each spindle pole and they filled the cytoplasm. After injection of the isolated sperm head, the microtubular aster was not seen around sperm head in any cases (0/18). Instead, microtubules were organized from the cytoplasm, which filled the whole cytoplasm during pronuclear apposition. These microtubules seem to move male and female pronuclei. These results suggest that isolated sperm head can develop into normal pronucleus in mature bovine oocytes, and competent to participate syngamy with the ootid chromatin. The functional microtubules following isolated sperm head injection in bovine oocytes appeared to be organized solely from maternal stores.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 1998

We demonstrated, for the first time, pronuclear formation and apposition in porcine ooc-ytes following intracytoplasmic injection of porcine, human, bovine and mouse spermatozoon. Microtubule organization and chromatin configuration were investigated in these oocytes during pronuclear apposition. Following intracytoplasmic injection of porcine spermatozoon, the microtubular aster was organized from the neck of spermatozoon, and filled the whole cytoplasm. This male derived microtubules appear to move both pronuclei to the center of oocytes. In contrast, following injection of spermatozoa from different species such as human, bovine and mouse, microtubules were organized from the cortex of the oocytes and concentrated to the pronuclei, which seems to move both male and female pronuclei to the center of oocyte. This organization is similar to what has been shown in the parthenogenetically activated por-cine oocytes. These results suggested that the porcine, human, bovine and mouse sperm chromatin can be formed pronucleus and apposited in the center of oocytes in the absence of male derived microtubule when they were injected into porcine oocytes.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.165-208
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• 1991

This paper develops an intertemporal general equilibrium model of asset pricing with taxes under the noisy and the incomplete information structure and examines theoretically the stochastic behavior of general equilibrium asset prices in a one-good, production, and exchange economy in continuous time markets. The important features of the model are its integration of real and financial markets and the analysis of the effects of differential tax rates between ordinary income and capital gains. The model developed here can provide answers to a wide variety of questions about stochastic structure of asset prices and the effect of tax on them.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2018

For the efficient recovering of collapsed sloped soil, using a soil binder that can support the soil strongly and help the growth of plants is very important. The soil binder should also have functions of recovering the soil ecologically as well as be environmental friendly materials. In this research, optimum values of the water content and permeability and direct shear strength were searched by adding the water absorbent and coagulant into the soil binder. The polyacrylamide (PAM) with various anionic strength, super absorbent polymer (SAP) and cellulose ether (CE) were used as a soil binder, water absorbent and coagulant, respectively. Effects of the soil binder on the characteristics of soil were observed by changing the mixing ratio of PAM, SAP and CE. Experimental results showed that the soil binder increased the direct shear strength tens of times and the water content around two times, whereas decreased the water permeability. Also, the addition of CE to increase the coagulation of SAP increased more of the direct shear strength and water content.

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2009

The effect of calcination temperature or hydrothermal treatment of commercial Fe-beta zeolites in the range of $450{\sim}900^{\circ}C$ were examined in the direct decomposition of $N_2O$. Fe-beta zeolites used were characterized using XRD, $N_2$ sorption, $^{27}Al$ MAS NMR and XPS. Although the surface area and micropore volume of Fe-beta zeolite after calcination at $900^{\circ}C$ and hydrothermal treatment at $750^{\circ}C$ decreased ca. 30%, a larger decrease in the surface area and micropore volume by hydrothermal treatment was observed than by calcination treatment alone. However, the Al sites in frameworks of zeolite were conserved in stable tetrahedral form resulting from low degree of dealumination which was related to the adjacent Fe ions on the Al sites. This could likely be correlated with the conservation of high surface area and micropore volume of Fe-beta zeolites. The increase in the calcination or hydrothermal treatment temperature caused the increase of decomposition temperature of $N_2O$ and the severe deactivation was observed after hydrothermal treatment than calcination treatment.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2000

태양열 시스템에 사용되는 간접접촉을 열교환기는 열전달률감소, 부식, 스케일링 등의 문제에 기인하는 단점을 갖고 있다. 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위하여 직접접촉 열교환기의 사용이 제안된다. 본 연구에서는 직접접촉 열교환기로서 분사칼럼이 도입되었다. 열전달률을 증가기키기위하여 작동유체는 연속유체와의 접촉면적을 증가시키기위하여 칼럼내에서 작고 균일한 방울들로 분산된다. 또한 작고 균일한 방울들로 만들기 위하여 열교환기 칼럼내에서 메쉬가 설치되었다. 디에틸 프탈레이트(Diethyl Pthalate , 밀도 : 1,052g/㎤)가 작동유체로 사용되었고, 메쉬가 있는 경우와 없는 경우로 비교 실험되었다. 실험중 칼럼의 길이방향으로 온도측정을 하였고, 두 유체간의 직접접촉 열교환 메카니즘을 알기 위하여 방울의 사진을 통하여 분석하였다. 방울이 제트형태로 형성될 때 방울은 작고 균일하였다. 한편 방울형태로 형성될 때는 크고 불균일하게 관찰되었으나 , 메쉬를 통해 칼럼내에서 효과적으로 작고 균일한 방울들로 되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.57-64
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• 2001

암석-콘크리트 불연속면의 전단변형 및 파괴특성을 규명하기 위해 상부 재료를 콘크리트로, 하부 재료를 암석으로 하는 규칙.불규칙 톱니형 시료와 인공 절리시료를 제작하여 실험실 직접전단시험을 실시하였다. 전단과정 동안 하중과 변위 외에 미소파괴음의 계수와 에너지를 측정하여 전단과정의 단계별 특징을 규명하였고 미소파괴음 음원추적을 실시하여 불연속면에서의 거칠기 파괴부분의 변화를 고찰하였다. 또한 암석 불연속면과 암석-콘크리트 불연속면의 거동을 비교하고 거칠기의 불규칙성 증가에 따른 전단거동의 변화를 관찰하였다.