• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Construction of road closed to mountains is inevitable in Korea because the mountainous region in Korea is more than 70% in area. Recently, due to global warming, typhoons or heavy rainfalls frequently occur, and accordingly, mountain roads are seriously damaged by landslides, debris flows, and uplift pressure below pavement. in this study, damage on pavement by uplift pressure was investigated. Various influencing factors such as slope angle, reinforcement of slope surface, thickness of soil cover underlain by rock, and types of drainage system were considered to evaluate uplift pressure acting on the bottom of pavement. Raising of water table up to the surface of slope may depend on the duration and intensity of rainfall. It shows that the installation of subdrain can reduce the uplift water pressure. Therefore, It is concluded that the use of subdrain system is effective to decrease uplift pressure and cement treated base is more endurable than typical crushed-stone base.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_1
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• pp.103-119
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• 2020

Recently, the rapid redeposition and erosion of rivers artificially created by climate change and the Four Rivers Restoration Project is questionable. According to the revised law in Korea, the river management agency will periodically carry out bed changes surveys. However, there are technical limitations in contrast to the trend of increasing spatial coverage, density and narrowing of intervals. National organizations are interest in developing innovative bed changessurvey techniquesfor efficiency. Core of bathymetry survey is to measure the depth of rivers under a variety of river conditions, but that is relatively more risky, time-consuming and expensive compared to conventional ground surveys. To overcome the limitations of traditional technology, echo sounder, which has been mainly used for ocean depth surveying, has been applied to rivers. However, due to various technical limitations, it is still difficult to periodically investigate a wide range of areas. Therefore, technique using the remote sensing has been spotlighted as an alternative, especially showing the possibility of depth measurement using spectral characteristics. In this study, we develop and examine a technique that can measure depth of water using reflectance from spectral characteristics. As a result of applying the technique proposed in thisstudy, it was confirmed that the measured depth and the correlation and error corresponding to 0.986 and 0.053 m were measured in the depth range within 0.95 m. In the future, this study could be applied to the measurement of spatial depth if it is applied to the hyperspectral sensor mounted on the drone.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 2015

The purposes of this study are to apply species distribution modeling in urban management planning for habitat conservation in non-urban area and to provide a detailed classification method for management zone. To achieve these objectives, Species Distribution Model was used to generate species richness and then to compare with the results from land suitability assessment. 59 species distribution models were developed by Maxent. This study used 15 model variables (5 topographical variables, 4 vegetation variables, and 6 distance variables) for Maxent models. Then species richness was created by sum of predicted species distributions. Land suitability assessment was conducted with criteria from type I of "Guidelines for land suitability assessment". After acquiring evaluation values from species richness and land suitability assessment, the results from these two models were compared according to the five grades of classification. The areas with the identical grade in Species richness and land suitability assessment are categorized and then compared each other. The comparison results are Grade1 10.92%, Grade2 37.10%, Grade3 34.56%, Grade4 20.89% and Grade5 1.73%. Grade1 and Grade5 showed the lowest agreement rate. Namely, development or conservation grade showed high disagreement between two assessment system. Therefore, the areas located between urban, agriculture, forest, and reserve have a tendency to change easily by development plans. Even though management areas are not the core area of reserve, it is important to provide a venue for species habitat and eco-corridor to protect and improve biodiversity in terms of landscape ecology. Consequently, adoption of species richness in three levels of management area classification such as conservation, production, planning should be considered in urban management plan.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.47-47
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• 2011

에너지자원이 부족하여 에너지 해외의존도가 약 80% 이상인 우리나라의 특성상 에너지 해외의존도를 경감시키고 에너지부족 상황을 안정시키기 위하여 국내의 부존에너지를 최대한 활용하는 것이 필요하다. 또한 지구온난화에 대처하는 범세계적인 규제에 대비하기 위하여, 청정에너지를 적극 개발하여 에너지자립도를 향상시켜야 한다. 신재생에너지 중 하나인 소수력은 친환경적인 청정에너지 중 하나로 다른 대체 에너지원에 비해 높은 에너지 밀도를 가지고 있어 개발 가치가 큰 부존자원으로 평가되고 있다. 그리고 소수력은 여러측면의 사회적 환경적 이점으로 최근에는 선진국에서도 매우 큰 관심을 끌고 있으며, 에너지 자원이 빈약하여 대부분 석유수입에 의존하는 우리나라는 지역에너지로 소수력을 적극 개발하여야 한다. 소수력 부존량이 풍부한 우리나라는 1982년에 소수력 개발 활성화 방안이 공표되면서부터 정부주도 하에 소수력 발전소 건설에 관한 연구를 적극적으로 지원하게 되었다. 대수력과 비교하여 소수력의 장점으로는 비교적 짧은 계획 및 시공기간, 낮은 투자비용, 개인이나 기업을 통한 투자참여, 주위 인력이나 자재를 이용한 쉬운 설치, 적은 환경적인 피해 등이 있다. 이와 같이 청정에너지 중 하나인 소수력의 개발과 활용을 위하여 IT 기술을 접목한 다양한 응용시스템 구축이 진행되고 있다. 특히, 한국에너지기술연구원에서는 신재생에너지 개발 및 보급 확대를 목표로 2006년에 신재생에너지 자원지도시스템을 구축하였으며, 이를 웹상에서 제공하고 있다. 소수력 발전시설의 적극적인 활용을 위해서는 초기설계시 장기유출 특성분석을 통해 해당유역의 수자원을 최대로 활용하고, 지형적인 요소를 이용하여 전기의 생산이 최대가 되도록 하는 최적설계가 이루어 져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 소수력 발전시설의 최적설계를 위해 한강수계 258개 표준유역 중 섬강합류점에 대하여 자원지도를 활용하여 연평균유량을 추정한 후 소수력 자원량을 산정하였고, 그 결과로 시설용량과 연간전기생산량은 각각 1,633kW, 6,224MWh로 산정되었다. 또한 유출량의 미계측 유역에서의 소수력 발전성능을 예측하기 위한 방법으로 Weibull 분포의 특성화 방법을 선택하여 그 적용성을 검토하였다. 섬강합류점 표준유역 내에 위치하고 있는 목계관측소, 앙성관측소에서의 10개년(1999~2008) 강우자료를 바탕으로 유황곡선을 작성하여 상관관계분석을 실시한 결과 목계관측소에서 0.994701, 앙성관측소에서 0.992616으로 관측치와 계산값이 상당히 유사한 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.233-246
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• 2020

After the COVID-19 crisis, the world's terrain has changed completely to the extent that it has been divided before and after Corona. We are living in the era of new normals, things we never thought of before Corona19, such as wearing masks everywhere, maintaining social distance, sitting on one side in the cafeteria, and online face-to-face classes. Perhaps the most seriously affected by the COVID-19 incident is the church. How should the church respond to the various problems caused by COVID-19? This study intends to re-examine the five essential missions of the church in the post-Corona19 era. The five essences are the three essential functions of the intangible church: didake (teaching), kerygma (declaration), diakonia (service), and the two essential functions of the tangible church: koinonia (association) and leiturgia (worship). Of these, koinonia and leiturgia are the most seriously threatened by the restraint of face-to-face worship in the incident of COVID-19. In times of crisis, the church needs to strengthen its vertical koinonia with God in order to perform its didake function well and increase the efficiency of the horizontal koinonia among believers. However, in the situation where face-to-face worship is desired due to social distance, teaching and proclaiming the Bible is the most important part. For this, it is considered that a specialized ministry is needed to produce high quality contents.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.156-170
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• 2006

Determining the best visibility positions on terrain surface has been one of the frequently used analytical issues in GIS visibility analysis and the search for a solution has been carried out effectively using spatial search techniques. However, the spatial search process provides operational and methodological challenges for finding computational algorithms suitable for solving the best visibility site problem. For this problem, current GIS visibility analysis has not been successful due to limited algorithmic structure and operational performance. To meet these challenges, this paper suggests four algorithms explored robust search techniques: an extensive iterative search technique; a conventional solution based on the Tornqvist algorithm; genetic algorithm; and simulated annealing technique. The solution performance of these algorithms is compared on a set of visibility location problems and the experiment results demonstrate the useful feasibility. Finally, this paper presents the potential applicability of the new spatial search techniques for GIS visibility analysis by which the new search algorithms are of particular useful for tackling extensive visibility optimization problems as the next GIS analysis tool.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.47-57
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• 2017

In this study, a predictive analysis was conducted on sediment disaster hazard area by selecting six research areas (Chuncheon, Seongnam, Sejong, Daejeon, Miryang and Busan) among the urban sediment disaster preliminary focus management area. The models that were used in the analysis were the existing models (SINMAP and TRIGRS) that are commonly used in predicting sediment disasters as well as the program developed through this study (LSMAP). A comparative analysis was carried out on the results as a means to review the applicability of the developed model. The parameters used in the predictions of sediment disaster hazard area were largely classified into topographic, soil, forest physiognomy and rainfall characteristics. A predictive analysis was carried out using each of the models, and it was found that the analysis using SINMAP, compared to LSMAP and TRIGRS, resulted in a prediction of a wider hazard zone. These results are considered to be due to the difference in analysis parameters applied to each model. In addition, a comparison between LSMAP, where the forest physiognomy characteristics were taken into account, and TRIGRS showed that similar tendencies were observed within a range of -0.04~2.72% for the predicted hazard area. This suggests that the forest physiognomy characteristics of mountain areas have diverse impacts on the stability of slopes, and serve as an important parameter in predicting sediment disaster hazard area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2012

Kyong-Eui Railway used to be one of the major cross-country railways connecting Busan and Shineuiju. Being the central axis of logistics and transportation in Korea, it also signifies a symbolic meaning of the people's desire for the unification of divided Korean peninsula. A steam locomotive that had stopped in Jangdan Station was bombed out during the Korean War. The locomotive has been neglected and covered with rust in DMZ over a half century, and now is becoming a historic reminder of divided Korea. The initial design approach was based on the three main perspectives of the relocation plan of the steam locomotive in Jangdan Station which is designated as the registered cultural asset no. 78: historical significance, role of a monumental space, and influence on and from the local culture and tourism. Three design subjects were especially highlighted which would represent the identity of the cultural asset, the stream locomotive. First, a vertical watching deck was installed to provide various view points toward the locomotive while ensuring the security of visitors as well as the cultural asset. Second, the Dokgae bride area has good design potentials being on the railway. However, the site is too narrow. Thus, a new ramp and a stairway were placed responding to the existing topography so that the pedestrian environment could be secured last, to respect the local context where the locomotive was originally located, mulberry trees in the locomotive were transplanted as well. Flowering plants were planted around the display area for better ventilation to minimize the negative impact on the locomotive.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.470-474
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• 2008

The image as a media has changed consistently since it was first introduced. According to these changes, the image has been reproduced in different fields and contexts. Thus, the paradigm on the production and the consumption of the image has been changed and recycled rapidly. The relation between the production and the consumption of the image also has changed accordingly, allowing quite ambiguous distinction between the producer and the consumer. The transformation through the transfer of the image among different fields opens up a new potential that these reproduced images could be used as an aesthetically expressive tool, rather than merely leaving images to remain royal to its original function as a sign. The thesis is to explore the potential that the topographical lines have beyond its function as a sign age. During the reproduction of the image, the process actively invites the spectator or the consumer to participate in the formation of the image, which promotes a new relation between the producer and the consumer. Instead, the process encourages the consumers to be active producers as well. As a result, the topographical lines do not merely remain as a sign that demarcates the height of the topography, and new images are constantly reproduced from the active participants. This project questions the fixed idea on the sign as a communicative tool, and suggests a new potential for the sign, especially, the topographical lines.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.503-514
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• 2018

In recent, the hydrological regime of the Mekong river is changing drastically due to climate change and haphazard watershed development including dam construction. Information of hydrologic feature like streamflow of the Mekong river are required for water disaster prevention and sustainable water resources development in the river sharing countries. In this study, runoff simulations at the Kratie station of the lower Mekong river are performed using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a physics-based hydrologic model, and LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory), a data-driven deep learning algorithm. The SWAT model was set up based on globally-available database (topography: HydroSHED, landuse: GLCF-MODIS, soil: FAO-Soil map, rainfall: APHRODITE, etc) and then simulated daily discharge from 2003 to 2007. The LSTM was built using deep learning open-source library TensorFlow and the deep-layer neural networks of the LSTM were trained based merely on daily water level data of 10 upper stations of the Kratie during two periods: 2000~2002 and 2008~2014. Then, LSTM simulated daily discharge for 2003~2007 as in SWAT model. The simulation results show that Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of each model were calculated at 0.9(SWAT) and 0.99(LSTM), respectively. In order to simply simulate hydrological time series of ungauged large watersheds, data-driven model like the LSTM method is more applicable than the physics-based hydrological model having complexity due to various database pressure because it is able to memorize the preceding time series sequences and reflect them to prediction.