• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.42-50
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• 2002

In this paper, we have designed and implemented lamp control system in underground parking place using WWW. The proposed system consists of lamp control system which is connected by RS-485 communication bus and monitoring system (WebPL) which can provide web interface using the web server. The lamp control system is controlled through a user command within the monitoring system (WebPL), senses moving object and turns lamps in underground parking place on or off. The monitoring system displays the status values of on or off received from lamp control system on the web browser and can real-timely control lamps in underground parking place on the web browser. 

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2004

국내에서 2003년 9월 12일 태풍 매미는 부산 지역에서 많은 재산상의 피해와 아울러 강풍으로 인한 건물의 진동으로 인하여 거주자의 사용성문제가 발생하였다. 또한 신문 보도에 의하면 15층 이상의 고층에 거주하는 시민들은 강풍으로 인한 진동으로 인하여 극도의 공포감에 시달린것으로 알려져 있다. 부산 남구 용호동 L아파트 24층 거주자의 경우는 2003년 9월 12일 오후 10시경부터 아파트 지하 주차장으로 2시간여 동안 대피했다. 천장의 전등이 좌우로 흔들리고 변기 속의 물이 출렁거릴 정도로 아파트가 심하게 진동하였기 때문이다. 아파트의 진동으로 인한 어지러움도 호소하는 경우도 있었다.(중략)

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 2002

일반적으로 공동주택 지하주차장과 같이 구조물이 대형화되거나 복잡할 경우 구조물의 응력취약 부위에서 균열, 누수 등의 문제가 발생할 확률이 크다. 이에 대한 대책으로 설계자들은 신축줄눈을 선호하고 있으나 신축줄눈은 시공상의 어려움과 사용 중 잦은 하자 발생이라는 문제점을 안고 있다. 이 때문에 근래에 들어 대형 건물을 한 단위로 처리하고 철근으로 보강하려는 경향이 있으나 구속도 차이에 따라 균열, 누수 등의 문제가 여전히 발생하고 있다. 이를 해결하기 위하여 수축대를 설치하여 일정 요구량의 초기 수축량을 수축대에서 흡수하고 이후 수축대 부위에 콘크리트를 메워 일체화시킴으로써 초기 수축에 의한 균열을 상당부분 방지할 수 있다.(중략)

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2012

As a series of studies about natural ventilation driven by wind in basement parking lots of apartment, the influence of opening size and surrounding buildings on ventilation rate was analyzed. Natural ventilation in underground parking lots almost rely on wind than temperature difference. To investigate natural ventilation driven by wind, wind tunnel tests by using scale model and tracer gas method were conducted. $CO_2$-gas concentration was measured, natural ventilation rates were calculated. The experimental results showed that the natural ventilation rate is more reliable to wind direction and surrounding building than opening size and distance between buildings. It was verified that surrounding buildings play a principal role in increasing air flow rate by accelerating wind speed, and growing turbulence intensity. And it showed that ventilation performance is able to be increased by oblique wind to entrance ramp than head on wind in underground parking lots with surrounding buildings.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

This Paper aims for analyzing the effect of opening types on wind-driven ventilation performance in basement parking lots of apartment. The scale model of basement parking lot was made, wind tunnel tests conducted. Wind pressure of three opening types was measured, wind pressure coefficient calculated. As the result, it showed that the air flow pattern of stack type opening was strongly changed by wind direction, but it was almost not at scuttle vent type. But, as for the difference of wind pressure coefficient, stack type opening was more than the other two types.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2018

Purpose: This paper propose a temporary indoor positioning scheme with devices of internet of things (IoT) for disastrous situations in places without the infrastructure of networks. Method: The proposed scheme is based on the weighted centroid localization scheme that can estimate the position of a target with simple computation. Results: It also is implemented with the IoT devices at the underground parking lot, where the network is not installed, of general office building. According to the experiment results, the positioning error was around 10m without a priori calibration process at $82.5m{\times}56.4m$ underground space. Conclusion: The proposed scheme can be deployed many places without the infrastructure of networks, such as parking lots, warehouses, factory, etc.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.148-155
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to propose and evaluate the continuous joint constructed with MRS system which is utilized for floor system in the parking structures or commercial retail buildings. Four specimens were fabricated and tested to examine the structural performance of the continuous joint with different joint detailing. Structural test for the specimens was undertaken to simulate the actual stress condition of the negative moment resisting connection in the prestressed precast concrete parking structures with 8m span. Based on the experimental results, the MRS system could be designed as the ductile continuous joint governed by flexural behavior. Therefore the MRS system developed in this study would provide a superior joint behavior to conventional double-tee system when constructing monolithic joint composed of simply supported precast members.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.429-435
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• 2021

The integrated underground space map shows the underground facility(water supply, sewage, gas, electric power, communication, heating), underground structures (subway, underpass, underground walkway, underground parking lot, underground shopping mall, common ward), ground(drilling, coffin, geology) refers to a map constructed so that a total of 15 types of underground information can be checked at a glance on a three-dimensional basis. The purpose of this study is to develop a technology to correct the problem of curved surface processing and the unevenness of underground facility pipelines that occur in converting 2D underground facility data into 3D-based underground space integrated map(3D underground facility model). do it with. To this end, we first investigated and reviewed the domestic and foreign status of technologies that generate data on underground facilities based on three dimensions, and developed a surface correction algorithm and an unevenness correction algorithm to solve practical problems. Algorithms to verify the developed algorithm This applied correction program was developed. Based on the above process, the three-dimensional model of the underground facility could be produced identically to reality. This study is judged to have significance as a basic study to improve the utilization of the underground spatial integration map.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.469-476
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• 2021

The framework plan for the development of an integrated underground space map was established of preventing ground subsidence. The mapping process is expected to be completed to the level of nationwide municipal government standards by end of this year. To facilitate the utilization of the integrated underground space map, paper-based drawings for specialized organizations in underground safety impact assessment have been provided since September 2018, and services for local government officials have been provided in the underground information utilization system since May 2019. However, the map is utilized based on the information at the time of the initial development of the map, without any updates, thereby resulting in a lack of accuracy and latest information. This has led to a decrease in the utilization and reliability of the information. Therefore, in this study, for the underground structures(subway, underground shopping mall, underground passage, underground roadway, underground parking lot, utility tunnel), which are the key components of the integrated underground space map, a standard format for the submission of completed drawings is designed in accordance with Article 42 (2) of the Special Act on Underground Safety Management, which aims at laying the foundation for establishing the updated system of the integrated underground space map. In addition, through the verification of the automatically updated underground structure data based on the standard format, the reliability of the data can be assured. This format is expected to contribute to the improved utilization of the integrated underground space map in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.80-80
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• 2021

2020년은 장마와 태풍으로 인해 중부 및 남부지방에 폭우가 발생하여 강남역을 비롯한 지하철 역사와 지하 주차장 등 많은 지하시설이 침수되었고, 부산에서는 침수된 지하차도에 진입한 차량의 운전자가 사망하는 등의 사고가 발생하였다. 지하에 설치된 시설들은 침수가 발생할 경우 대부분 출입구를 통해 유입되는 물을 거슬러 대피해야 하므로 낙상과 그로 인한 익사 등 자칫 큰 인명피해를 초래할 수 있어 특별히 주의할 필요가 있다. 대피 여부를 결정하고 그에 필요한 시간을 계산하기 위해서는 안전하게 대피 가능한 최대수심(한계수심)을 결정하는 것이 필요하다. 현재 한계수심을 제시한 여러 연구가 있지만 대부분 소수의 성인만을 대상으로 한 실험 결과이기 때문에 성별, 연령, 체중 등 다양한 유형의 사람을 고려한 대피방법 제시가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 실험 참가자의 유형(성별, 연령, 체중, 신장)에 따른 대피시간의 차이를 고려한 한계수심을 제시할 수 있도록 하였다. 총 308명이 실험에 참여하였으며, 이중 남성은 164명, 여성은 144명이었다. 참가자의 연령은 14세부터 75세까지이며, 신장은 최소 145cm에서 최대 187cm, 체중은 35kgf에서 110kgf 범위이다. 대피시간은 물이 흘러 내려오는 5.1m 길이의 계단을, 난간을 잡은 채 거슬러 올라가는 시간으로 설정하였으며, 계단 상층부의 수심이 30cm일 때와 40cm일 때(한계수심 조건), 2회 측정하였다. 또한, 측정이 종료된 후, '안전하게 대피 가능할 것으로 예상되는 수심'을 선택하도록 하여 참가자가 체감한 실험 난이도를 간접적으로 확인하고 향후 연구에 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 수집된 자료를 분석한 결과 여성의 경우 수심 30cm와 40cm의 평균 대피시간이 4초 정도의 차이가 나타났으나, 남성의 경우 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 '안전하게 대피 가능할 것으로 예상되는 수심'에 대한 답변으로 다수가 실험의 최대 수심 조건인 40cm 이상을 선택하였다. 이와 같은 결과를 보아, 실험의 난도가 높지 않았다고 예상할 수 있으며, 그 원인은 참가자의 안전을 고려해 실험 조건을 난간을 잡은 채 보행하도록 설정한 것이 한계수심을 증가시키는 결과를 가져왔다고 볼 수 있다. 유형에 따른 대피시간의 차이를 분석하기 위해서는 실험의 한계수심 조건을 높이거나, 난간을 잡지 않고 보행할 수 있도록 안전장치를 추가하는 등, 실험조건의 변화가 필요할 것으로 판단되며, 추가적으로 난간을 잡은 채 보행하는 것이 한계수심을 얼마나 높일 수 있는지에 대한 검토를 통하여 정량적인 대피가능 시간을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.