• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.295-303
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• 2004

For the deep underground excavation site with the geological complexity of soft seam and hard rock, the numerical analysis and in-situ measurement on the behaviors of roadway and surrounding rock according to stepwise excavation of the steep soft seam are carried out. The strata behavior is modeled using elasto-plastic FEM considering the empirical failure criteria of Hoek ＆ Brown and the strain-softening model. Hydraulic pressure capsule, MPBX and tape extensometer are installed around the roadway for the in-situ measurement of rock stress and deformation. Despite the complexity of geology and excavation procedure, the elasto-plastic analysis considering the empirical failure criteria of Hoek ＆ Brown and the strain-softening model shows good agreement with the in-situ measurement. Comparison of numerical modeling with in-situ measurement enables to predict the behaviors of the roadway and to obtain design parameters for the excavation and support at depth.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.1809-1812
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• 2008

지하방수로는 도시의 지하에 대규모 수로 터널을 시공하여, 도시 지역에 발생한 집중 호우를 초기에 배제하여 제내지 침수 피해를 줄이는 목적으로 사용되는 대표적인 구조적 홍수 피해 경감 대책이다. 효과적으로 침수 피해를 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 특히 지하에 설치되어 토지 수용에 대한 부담이 줄어들기 때문에 일본 등지에서 최근 주요 홍수 방어 대책으로 활용되고 있다. 지하방수로 유입부는 크게 접근수로, 유입구, 수직 갱도(vertical shaft)로 구분되며, 접근 수로를 통하여 유입된 흐름은 유입구를 통하여 가속된 후 수직 갱도로 유입되게 된다. 따라서 지하방수로의 배제 능력을 평가하기위해서는 유입구에서의 유량 및 흐름 특성을 정확히 평가하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 나선식 종경사형 유입구(inclined spiral intake)는 지하방수로 유입구 중 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 형식으로 나선식 유입구의 한 형태로 유입구의 외측 또는 중앙선을 따라서 일정한 경사를 주어 사류 유입 흐름을 유도함으로서 유량 배제 효율을 높인 형태이다. 나선식 종경사형 유입구도 일반적인 나선식 유입구와 마찬가지로 접근수로 수위를 측정하여 유입량을 예측할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 수리 모형 실험을 통하여 나선식 종경사형 유입구에 대한 수위-유입량 관계를 검토하였다. 평탄한 입구를 가지는 안내벽이 있는 형식의 유입구 모형을 이용하여 수위-유입량 관계를 검토하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.894-898
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• 2007

지하방수로는 도시의 지하에 대규모 수로 터널을 시공하여, 도시 지역에 발생한 집중 호우를 초기에 배제하여 제내지 침수 피해를 줄이는 목적으로 사용되는 대표적인 구조적 홍수 피해 경감 대책이다. 효과적으로 침수피해를 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 특히 지하에 설치되어 토지 수용에 대한 부담이 줄어들기 때문에 일본 등지에서 최근 주요 홍수 방어 대책으로 활용되고 있다. 지하방수로 유입부는 크게 접근수로, 유입구, 수직 갱도(vertical shaft)로 구분되며, 접근 수로를 통하여 유입된 흐름은 유입구를 통하여 가속된 후 수직 갱도로 유입되게 된다. 따라서 지하방수로의 배제 능력을 평가하기위해서는 유입구에서의 유량 및 흐름 특성을 정확히 평가하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 나선식 유입구(spiral intake)는 지하방수로 유입구 중 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 형식으로 일반적으로 접근수로 수위를 측정하여 유입량을 예측할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 수리 모형 실험을 통하여 나선식 유입구에 대한 수위-유입량 관계를 검토하였다. 평탄한 입구를 가지는 안내벽이 있는 형식의 나선식 유입구 모형을 이용하여 수위-유입량 관계를 검토하였다. 또한 측정된 수위 및 유입량을 바탕으로 기존 연구자들이 제시한 안내벽이 없는 형식의 나선식 유입구에 대한 수위-유입량 관계와 비교 검토하였다. 검토 결과 안내벽이 있는 형식의 나선식 유입구는 안내벽이 없는 경우에 비하여 유량 배제 효율이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 2020

In this study, a small autonomous driving robot was developed for underground mines using the Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor. The developed robot measures the distances to the left and right wall surfaces using the LiDAR sensor, and automatically controls its steering to drive along the centerline of mine tunnel. A field experiment was conducted in an underground amethyst mine to test the driving performance of developed robot. During five repeated driving tests, the robot showed stable driving performance overall. There were no collision accidents with the wall of mine tunnel.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.120-130
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• 2022

In this study, the applicability of the microseismic monitoring system based on the underground mine communication system has been verified by operation test in the domestic underground mine. The microseismic data consists of wavelet data and meta-data for mine safety management, and both data should be transferred, stored, analyzed and managed with proper method according to the purpose and size of each data. In order to select the optimal communication system for the microseismic monitoring system considering the underground environment as well as properties of data, various types of communication system have been tested and compared during operation test after installing the optical cable communication system, 2.4 GHz and 900 MHz wireless communication system through the underground mine tunnel and overground area of the test site. The integrated microseismic monitoring software, which was developed to secure the stability of data management and ease of use, has been updated according to findings from operation test. Through the operation test of the microseismic monitoring system including the communication system and the monitoring software, the technical basis was established corresponding to various requirements of the domestic mine for adoption of the microseismic monitoring system.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.237-250
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• 1992

The cavities formed by the excavation of coal seam cause unstable within rock body, leading to large displacement around adjacent roadway. This displacement brings the closure of roadway and deformation of support. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and predict the deformation characteristics of roadway while coal seam is under excavation. In this study, the observed displacements are compared with the calculated ones through the analysis using Linear Boundary Element Mothod under the elastostatic conditions, in order to determine the virgin stress state and deformation modulus which affect the deformation characteristices.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2024

An image-reconstruction technology, involving the deployment of an unmanned mobility equipped with high-speed LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) has been proposed to reconstruct the shape of abandoned mine. Unmanned mobility operation is remarkably useful in abandoned mines fraught with operational difficulties including, but not limited to, obstacles, sludge, underwater and narrow tunnel with the diameter of 1.5 m or more. For cases of real abandoned mines, quadruped robots, quadcopter drones and underwater drones are respectively deployed on land, air, and water-filled sites. In addition to the advantage of scanning the abandoned mines with 2D solid-state lidar sensors, rotation of radiation at an inclination angle offers an increased efficiency for simultaneous reconstruction of mineshaft shapes and detecting obstacles. Sensor and robot posture were used for computing rotation matrices that helped compute geographical coordinates of the solid-state lidar data. Next, the quadruped robot scanned the actual site to reconstruct tunnel shape. Lastly, the optimal elements necessary to increase utility in actual fields were found and proposed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.137-153
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibilities of identifying and detecting underground cavities using seismic waves recorded by the fixed and mobile stations. During 18 months of field work we recorded chemical explosions near the Bongdarn station. Seismic Stations were installed on the free surface and underground inside the Samba mine. The seismograms at the fixed(lorg-term) seismic station show abrupt change of polarization characteristics which can he associated with the appearance of P-to-S converted phase(PS) at 150 ~ 200 msec after the first P arrival. This result indicates that converted phases are generated very near to the Bongdarn station at a depth of 190m. Shear-wave splitting phenomena have also been observeci The time delay between fast shear(fS) and slow shear(sS) waves ranges between 30 and 60 msec(average is 42 msec). However, exact time delay between the fast and the slow shear waves can not be accurately measured because of the very short time delay and limitation of sampling rate. Chemical explosion experiments were recorded at stations along various paths to contrast the seismic response of areas with and without cavities. The seismograms recorded at the stations installed at cavity areas show an abrupt change of polarization characteristics but not on the other stations. Seismic waves propagating through the cavity are characterized by the attenuation of high frequency waves and predominantly low frequency seismic waves after the S wave arrivals.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.343-353
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• 2002

In the past many tunnels have been built to lowest capital investment cost without adequate regard for the cost of operation. But according to increasing the capacity of a ventilation system and to becoming diverse, it is to become more important to come up with the optimal operation stage of ventilation system. In this study, the tunnel ventilation dynamic simulation program had been developed. it is used to calculate the unsteady-state tunnel air velocity and concentration of pollutants according to the assumed average day traffic profile and summarize the energy consumption for the operation of ventilation system. And the operation energy consumption for the electric precipitation system and vertical vent shaft system are evaluated and compared in various operation mode. As the results of this study, the optimal operation stage for these ventilation system are provided.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

Most of the local limestone mines are developed as large-opening underground mines, while mine ventilation is heavily dependent on the natural ventilation and auxiliary systems, rather than the mechanical ventilation system using main fans. The current auxiliary ventilation system with fan and ducting requires optimization since enhanced deployment of diesel equipment demands higher airflow rate and the associated cost is expected to be too excessive for the local mine operators. This paper aims at optimizing the fan capacity for the working site ventilation through comparing the fan pressure in the mine airway and the ventilation efficiency of an axial-flow fan and a propeller fan developed in this study.