• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.235-268
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• 2019

Under the Aviation Safety Act of Korea, any person who intends to operate a drone is required to follow the operational conditions listed below, unless approved by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism; (i) Operation of drones in the daytime, (ii) Operation of drones within Visual Line of Sight, (iii) Maintenance of a certain operating distance between drones and persons or properties on the ground/ water surface, (iv) Do not operate drones over event sites where many people gather, (v) Do not transport hazardous materials such as explosives by drone, (vi) Do not drop any objects from drones. Requirements stated in "Airspace in which Flights are Prohibited" and "Operational Limitations" are not applied to flights for search and rescue operations by public organizations in case of accidents and disasters. This paper analyzes legal issues as to definition and regulations of drones in Korean Aviation Safety Act. This paper, also, offers some implications and suggestions for regulations of drones under Korean Aviation Safety Act by comparing the regulations of drones in Japanese Civil Aeronautics Act.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.65-82
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• 2021

Stock market investors are generally split into foreign investors, institutional investors, and individual investors. Compared to individual investor groups, professional investor groups such as foreign investors have an advantage in information and financial power and, as a result, foreign investors are known to show good investment performance among market participants. The purpose of this study is to propose an investment strategy that combines investor-specific transaction information and machine learning, and to analyze the portfolio investment performance of the proposed model using actual stock price and investor-specific transaction data. The Korea Exchange offers daily information on the volume of purchase and sale of each investor to securities firms. We developed a data collection program in C# programming language using an API provided by Daishin Securities Cybosplus, and collected 151 out of 200 KOSPI stocks with daily opening price, closing price and investor-specific net purchase data from January 2, 2007 to July 31, 2017. The self-organizing map model is an artificial neural network that performs clustering by unsupervised learning and has been introduced by Teuvo Kohonen since 1984. We implement competition among intra-surface artificial neurons, and all connections are non-recursive artificial neural networks that go from bottom to top. It can also be expanded to multiple layers, although many fault layers are commonly used. Linear functions are used by active functions of artificial nerve cells, and learning rules use Instar rules as well as general competitive learning. The core of the backpropagation model is the model that performs classification by supervised learning as an artificial neural network. We grouped and transformed investor-specific transaction volume data to learn backpropagation models through the self-organizing map model of artificial neural networks. As a result of the estimation of verification data through training, the portfolios were rebalanced monthly. For performance analysis, a passive portfolio was designated and the KOSPI 200 and KOSPI index returns for proxies on market returns were also obtained. Performance analysis was conducted using the equally-weighted portfolio return, compound interest rate, annual return, Maximum Draw Down, standard deviation, and Sharpe Ratio. Buy and hold returns of the top 10 market capitalization stocks are designated as a benchmark. Buy and hold strategy is the best strategy under the efficient market hypothesis. The prediction rate of learning data using backpropagation model was significantly high at 96.61%, while the prediction rate of verification data was also relatively high in the results of the 57.1% verification data. The performance evaluation of self-organizing map grouping can be determined as a result of a backpropagation model. This is because if the grouping results of the self-organizing map model had been poor, the learning results of the backpropagation model would have been poor. In this way, the performance assessment of machine learning is judged to be better learned than previous studies. Our portfolio doubled the return on the benchmark and performed better than the market returns on the KOSPI and KOSPI 200 indexes. In contrast to the benchmark, the MDD and standard deviation for portfolio risk indicators also showed better results. The Sharpe Ratio performed higher than benchmarks and stock market indexes. Through this, we presented the direction of portfolio composition program using machine learning and investor-specific transaction information and showed that it can be used to develop programs for real stock investment. The return is the result of monthly portfolio composition and asset rebalancing to the same proportion. Better outcomes are predicted when forming a monthly portfolio if the system is enforced by rebalancing the suggested stocks continuously without selling and re-buying it. Therefore, real transactions appear to be relevant.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.131-152
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is to find out the spatial characteristics of the relationships between urban large retailer and agro-food suppliers. For this purpose, Dong-A department store which is one of the most famous local distribution company was selected as a case study firm. The case study company has its own systematic food supply chain in the process of food procurement, selection, delivery, and marketing. It mainly does businesses in Daegu and Gyeongbuk province, but also procures and delivers products all around the country. Customers' recent concerns over the freshness and the period of circulation made the company use the local physical distribution system that it purchases products in nearby areas and perform procurement and delivery in nationwide areas. It is identified that trading types are significantly different by locations of suppliers in that more thin 40$\%$ of suppliers in Daegu are food manufacturers, whereas suppliers in Gyeongbuk mainly belong to the ones in fresh food production areas. In terms of durability of the retailer-supplier relation, the case study firm has relatively long-term relationship with suppliers, maintaining the relationship fer over 5 years in more than 70$\%$ of suppliers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2014

Diagnostic radiation equipment diagnosis and treatment of disease of recent plays a central role, but this is based on the assumption of an appropriate balance of benefits and risks of diagnostic. If balance is not maintained has the potential to give an adverse effect on the health of the public. In the case of an overseas, the importance of (QA) quality assurance of medical equipment is growing, but evaluation criteria of quality assurance has not been clearly presented in domestic. Therefore, the modernization of medical equipment from the point at which the degree of cycle-by-cycle management system of foreign national to be suitable for diagnostic radiation generator entry and quality control standards by introducing a tailoring is necessary. In this study the most frequently used diagnostic radiation generator X-ray imaging apparatus of the general three-year periodic inspections at any time between the periodic inspection items and quality control methods and standards for the establishment of the United States, Canada and abroad, and international electronic literature search Technical Committee (International Electro-technical Commission, IEC) were compared with the provisions of item. Based on the national quality control items when opening frequent inspection items and standards presented as a basis for setting up study.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.820-844
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• 2014

Various innovation theories, such as innovation system, innovation cluster, triple helix model, are different in their focus. However they all emphasize the interaction between innovation actors in order to generate, diffuse, and appropriate technological innovations successfully. This study analyzes how the interaction of innovation actors in Daedeok Innopolis has been changed since the introduction of innovation cluster policy like the designation of Daedeok Innopolis. Based on the analysis of survey data, Innopolis statistics, and patent joint-application data, we come to the conclusions that the Daedeok Innopolis has characteristics of multi-level governance structure, in which innovation cluster, i.e. Daedeok Innopolis, regional innovation system, and national innovation system directly overlap under the framework of innovation system. In addition, from the perspectives of triple helix model, we are able to verify that the inter-domain interactions between innovation actors, such as tri-lateral network, have been constantly increased in the Daedeok Innopolis. Based on our analysis, we identify some policy suggestions in order to strengthen the competitiveness of the Daedeok Innopolis as well as other innovation clusters in Korea. First, the network activities between innovation actors within innovation cluster should be strengthened based on the geographical accessibility. Second, private intermediate organizations should be established and their roles should be extended. Third, the entrepreneurial activities of universities within innovation cluster should be strengthened. In other words, the roles of universities within the Innopolis should be activated. Finally, the government should provide relevant policy supports to activate the interactions between innovation actors within innovation cluster.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2017

Securing fire safety using only fire-fighting facilities is difficult because causes of modern fire vary, such as architectural structures and building use patterns. In order for fire safety to be guaranteed by enacting and revising fire regulations reflecting the fire hazard characteristics and user's characteristics, the introduction of fire influence evaluation (fire risk assessment) system needs to be considered in a timely manner to be adopted but unfortunately two attempts before have failed. In this study, a fire case of urban lifestyle housing was surveyed to introduce a fire influence evaluation system and a field survey on the actual condition of the 414 urban lifestyle housing buildings and fire & evacuation simulation results of one representative building in Suyoung-gu and Nam-gu District of Busan Metropolitan City were analyzed. The necessity, procedures and implementation method of fire influence evaluation system were questioned and tested by the professional fire experts, fire officers and firefighters and architects. On the basis of these facts, introduction of (fire influence evaluation system) should be absolutely adopted and the fire department and fire regulation are eligible to implement the system. Therefore, fire regulation needs to be enacted or revised in accordance with the new fire environment and fire safety system that needs to be built up. Accordingly, aggressive promotion through public hearings on the necessity of fire impact assessments, consensus among departments and fostering experts to carry out fire influence evaluation system will be the core.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.231-248
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• 2014

The role of the foreign direct investment is very crucial for the regional economic growth nowadays. The inward FDI in Korea has been increased since the Act of foreigner investment promotion in 1998. The municipal and national government have designated the special industrial zones and supported the diverse incentives for the foreign investment companies. The service sector had a large share of inward FDI. However, manufacturing sector overtook the service sector as the largest FDI in 2009. This study focuses on the greenfield manufacturing FDI, which was established from 1999 to 2012 in Korea. In order to find out the impacts of low-priced industrial electricity and loose environmental regulations on choosing Korea, this paper did in-depth interviews with MOTIE, Korea industrial complex, Korea Trade-Investment Promotion Agency, some FDI companies. Investment incentives such as low price of domestic industrial electricity strongly affect why manufacturing FDI companies choose Korea to invest. The Korean government has also acknowledges that low-price policy can internationally compete to attract FDI. There is a possibility that FDI energy-guzzling industrial companies may choose for Korea to use the low-priced electricity, raising the issue of supply-demand of electricity of Korea in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2003

목적 : 감마나이프 치료계획용 소프트웨어인 감마플렌에서 처방선량을 계산하는 단위와 실제 시간을 설정하는 하드웨어인 조정판의 시간설정 단위의 차이에 의한 실제 처방선량에 끼치는 영향을 계산하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 감마나이프는 주어진 4 개의 헬멧을 가지고 최소 한번 또는 최대 20 번 이상의 방사선 조합으로 한번에 많은 방사선을 목표물에 조사한다. 감마나이프 방사선 수술을 위한 치료계획용 소프트웨어인 감마플렌 5.32에서는 처방선량에 대한 치료시간을 최대 지점 또는 지정하는 지점에 규격화하여 소숫점 두 자리 즉 0.6 초까지 계산한다. 그러나 실제 치료를 위한 조정판의 시간설정은 모델 B 에서는 소숫점 한자리까지 가능하게 되어있다. 그러므로 모델 B를 사용하는 기관의 치료계획 컴퓨터인 감마플렌에서는 소숫점 한자리로 만들기 위해 반올림과 내림을 하게 되며 이것을 프린트하여 사용하게 된다. 실제 임상에서 멀티삿에 대한 반올림과 내림에 대한 효과를 선량으로 환산하여 처방선량에 끼치는 영향을 연구하였다. 치료 계획에 서 처방선량을 입력한 후 계산된 각 조사에 대한 소숫점 두자리 시간을 화면에 표시한 후 스냅tit으로 스크린 캡쳐하여 프린트하였으며, 소숫점 한자리로 된 최종 치료계획을 프린트하여 서로 비교 계산하였다. 결과 : 20 여명의 환자에 대한 치료 결과에 대한 분석은 조사의 수나 처방선량에 관계하지 않고 우연히 올림이 많으냐 내림이 많으냐에 의존하였다. 최대지점에 대하여 분석한 결과는 -0.48부터 +0.47로 -2%부터 +1.9%의 정도로 영향을 끼쳤다. 결론 : 반올림과 내림의 결과는 처방선량을 줄일 수도 있고 늘일 수도 있었다. 그러나 이 연구는 최대선량 지점에 대해 비교를 하였으나 실제로는 각 조사의 위치가 서로 다르므로 영향은 이보다 훨씬 적을 것으로 생각되어 소숫점 한자리로 치료하여도 무방할 것으로 보인다.mm, AP 방향에서는 2.1$\pm$0.82 mm이었다. 그리고 복부의 later의 방향에서는 7.0$\pm$2.1 mm, AP 방향에서는 6.5$\pm$2.2 mm 이었다. 또한 표적 위치측정을 위해서 환자의 피부에 임의의 가상표적을 부착하고 CT 촬영한 영상결과, 프레임으로 가상표 적에 대한 위치를 정확히 파악할 수 있었다. 결론 : 제작된 프레임을 적용하여 방사선투과율 측정실험, 환자 외부자세에 대한 오차 측정실험, 가상표적 위치측정 실험 등을 수행하였다. 환자 외부자세에 대한 오차 측정실험 경우, 더 많은 Volunteer를 적용하여 보다 정확한 오차 측정실험이 수행되어야 할 것이며 정확한 표적 위치 측정실험을 위해서 내부 마커를 삽입한 환자를 적용한 임상실험이 수행되어야 할 것이다. 또한 위치결정에서 획득한 좌표값의 정확성을 알아보기 위해서 팬톰을 이용한 방사선조사 실험이 추후에 실행되어져야 할 것이다. 그리고 제작된 프레임에 Rotating X선 시스템과 내부 장기의 움직임을 계량화하고 PTV에서의 최적 여유폭을 설정함으로써 정위 방사선수술 및 3 차원 업체 방사선치료에 대한 병소 위치측정과 환자의 자세에 대한 setup 오차측정 결정에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이라고 사료된다. 상대적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 혼합충전재는 암모니아의 경우 코코넛과 펄라이트의 비율이 7：3인 혼합 재료 3번과 소나무수피와 펄라이트의 비율이 7：3인 혼합 재료 6번에서 다른 혼합 재료에 비하여 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 코코넛과 소나무수피의 경우 암모니아 가스에 대한 흡착 능력은 거의 비슷한 것으로 사료되며, 코코넛의 경우 전량을 수입에 의존하고 있다는 점에서 국내 조달이 용이하며, 구입 비용도 적게 소요되는 소나무수피를 사용하는 것이 경제적이라고 사료된다. 5. 마지막으로

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.135-144
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• 2010

Apple recently announced a new policy about software development kit that banned the use of tools that convert apps built on other platforms into iPhone apps. Therefore, Adobe cannot develop their software to AppStore that inquire to the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission about antitrust actions. Someone argue that Apple try to exclusive smartphone market such as the Microsoft antitrust lawsuit in 1998, but this case is essentially different. First, it need to define Apple's software development kit for iPhone and iPad is whether antitrust or not. Because of the characteristics of two-sided market in Smartphone Apple's iPhone cannot monopoly in cellphone or smartphone market, but it can be an antitrust in application store market. However, Apple re-announced new software development kit policy that shows positive results. Instead of hastily intervened regulatory agencies, the DOJ or the FTC, it is quite desirable that watching the interaction between companies that whether market failures or not and if it's harmful for consumer's benefit. Adobe attack Apple to advocate consumers and developers freedom of choice, but the most important thing is conclusion based on a comprehensive analysis need to objective point of view that Apple do whether antitrust act or not and damage to developers and consumers who are both side of platform.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-134
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• 2003

In Japan accumulating intellectual assets by enhancing science and technology is the only way to survive the global competition. To enhance science and technology, it is important to improve science literacy the public and to foster human resources for science and technology, Therefore, MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) is now working with various projects. One of the projects for attaining the purpose is Science Literacy Enhancement Initiative. This initiative is a brand-new package of several projects to enhance math and science education in high and middle schools including (1) Super Science High school (SSHs) and (2) Science Partnership Program. The purpose of this study was to investigate concretely about the situation of promotion of SSHs paying attention to three high schools (TAKASAKI high school, HORIOKA high school and RITUMEIKAN high school) specified as SSHs. Furthermore, some suggestions about gifted education were discussed.