• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.16-28
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• 2009

Stage art basically builds upon the essence of "seeing," and at the same time, possesses relativity in showing and seeing. Stage lighting uses artificial light to solve the essence of "seeing", which is the foundation of stage art, and coming into the modern age, its role has been enhanced to an important medium for visual expression in stage art, due to the lighting tools that developed at a rapid pace along with the discovery of electricity, as well as the development of optics. Therefore, not only does lighting use a medium known as light in a field of stage art that gives mental and emotional inspiration to the audience, and aesthetically expresses time and space. In other words, stage lighting is a complex function of light engineering (technology and science) and aesthetic sense (feeling and art). This study aims to do research on methods for the visualization of stage space through lighting, mainly focused on dancing. I have studied the basics of stage lighting, its relations with other fields of stage art, and the functions and characteristics of lighting. Results show that lighting could be used to maximize the visualization of dancing and emphasizing the artistic growth of lighting and its ability to aesthetically express and I came to the following conclusions. First, lighting uses the forms and directions of light that various tools are able to produce in order to visualize the space on stage, and can maximally express the image that the work seeks. Second, it is possible to use lighting, through the movement of light, as a visual representation of the configuration of space in dancing works. Third, through the expression of visual and spatial aspects created by light, the work's dramatic catharsis can bring out mental and emotional feelings form the audience. Fourth, lighting can be seen not as a supporting role, but as an original visual design. To conclude, in order for lighting to be freed form the simple function of "lighting up the stage," which a majority of people think is common knowledge, and grow as one area in art, lighting designers must understand the intentions of the choreographer and the work with creativity and artistry they must consider light and color as an aesthetic language in order to heighten the effects of the work and allow it to partake as one element of work creation, so that lighting will be treated as a form of art.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2009

The peculiarity pointed out for high strength concrete is the occurrence of spalling during a fire. Recently, there are many efforts such as development of all types of spalling reducing materials and other innovative materials in various fields. Need is now to examine the adequate mixing proportions of these materials. This study intended to derive experimentally and statistically mix proportions that can represent the basic quality requirements as well as the optimal effects on the fire-resistance for 4 types of functional materials that are metakaolin, waste tire chip, polypropylene fiber and steel fiber. Here, the tests were planned through an optimal test method using an orthogonal array table with 4 parameters and 3 levels. The statistical analysis adopted the response surface analysis method. Results verified mutual complementary contribution between the materials when using a combination of the functional materials selected as parameters for the strengthening of the fire-resistance of 80 MPa-class high strength concrete. Besides, the optimal conditions of the fire-resistance strengthening materials derived through response surface analysis were a volumetric replacement of silica fume by 80% of metakaolin, a volumetric replacement of fine aggregates by 3% of tire waste chip, and an addition of 0.2% of the whole volume by polypropylene fiber without mixing of steel fiber. In such cases, the basic characteristics as well as the fire-resistant characteristics of high strength concrete were also satisfied.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.81-92
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• 1990

Concrete, a mixed material, has heterogeniety, anisotrophy and nonlinearity. Therefore, in its 'racture analysis, it is more reasonable to evaluate its fracture toughness by applying the concept of 'racture mechanics rather than the strength concept. Up to the present the concepts of fracture mechanics which were applied to concrete have been divided into two main classes. The one is the concept of linear elastic fracture mechanics and the other is the concept of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. But it has been pointed out that there are many problems and irrationalities in applying the concept of linear elastic fracture mechanics to concrete. In this study, the J -integral method and the COD method mainly used in the analysis of nonlinear fracture mechanics, were introduced and the three point bending test was carried out for investigating the effects of the variation of the maximum aggregate size and notch depth on the fracture behavior and the crack growth of concrete, and the relationships of fracture energy and crack opening displacement. According to the results of this study the more the maximum aggregate size and the notch depth increased, the more the nonlinearity of load-deflection behavior was remarkable. The increase of the coarse aggregate size created the more ductility of concrete. Thus concrete showed the more stable fracture. As for the path of the crack growth, the more the coarse aggregate size increased, the more it was irregulary deviated from the straight line but it was not almost affected by the variation of the notch depth. Also, the fracture energy increased according as the coarse aggregate size increased and the notch depth decreased.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.65-71
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• 2013

Despite of the various merits of soil pavement, it has not been widely adapted because portland cement was conventionally used as soil stabilizer to improve the mechanical properties such strength parameters. Recently, natural soil stabilizer(NSS) were developed and virtually adopted to several case of soil pavement construction under control of heavy metal pollution compared to cement-used cases. However, the application of natural soil stabilizer is not settled yet, and empirical design have been widely adopted. In this study, therefore, the strength parameter of soil-NSS mixture was estimated by some triaxial compression tests, CU-test. From the tests, the relationship between curing period and strength parameter such as internal friction and effective cohesion was examined. As a result, effective cohesion of dredged clay and granite soil increased as curing time is increased. However, internal friction is almost same result in all soil type used in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.2786-2793
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• 2009

Recently, the development and spread of the new recyclable energy becomes urgent because of the depletion of fossil fuel and strengthening the environmental regulation. To recovery from the waste out of the many new recyclable energies has been proved as the most favorable when the potential value of energy source is compared. The RDF from the waste has been approved as the most economical method out of the other methods. However, the toxic gases (HCl, Dioxin etc) and heavy metals generated during the burning of the industrial wastes have been pointed out as problems. The PVC, alkali metal chloride, and alkaline earth metal chloride are major materials for emitting the chlorine and chlorine compounds have the problem such as the erosion on the heat collection device. This research has analyzed the heavy metal components containing in the industrial waste, and the concentration of Cl and S in the industrial waste generated in B industrial complex are slightly high than that of the A industrial complex. The results can be used to discuss the origin of inorganic components in industrial waste and utilized as a base data to improve the performance of the RDF as fuel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.21-35
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• 2011

This study is basic research which aims to compare and analyze changes in rural areas in modern times. The main purpose of this study is to comprehend the characteristics of changes in the Korean rural landscape and to suggest the implications for preservation and maintenance of the rural landscape. To help in understanding the rural landscape systematically, it should be divided into six types: housing landscape, cultivation landscape, green landscape, waterside landscape, streetscape and symbolic and religious landscape. According to this step, the contents and the procedures of changes were analyzed generally. Based on the literature review and field survey, the styles of changes were deduced to be formation, alternation, relocation, damage and restoration on landscape elements. Lastly, it was concluded that complex changes of landscape in rural areas from the government's development policy have been continued from macroscopic changes like overall structure and system of landscape to microscopic changes like shape, material, size and color of each landscape element. Rural villages which have not had the government's development policy applied to them may not be appropriate for this study. However, this study has significance in that it can suggest the direction for desirable rural planning. Future studies need to consider landscape change through not only the development policy but also economic, social and cultural factors.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.111-121
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• 2010

As the customer's interest for sidewalk block in the street or apartment complex is increasing, the materials of block which had been a concrete block exclusively are varied to clay paver, native rock and wood etc. Especially, the sales volume of clay paver which is environment-friendly and ergonomic is dramatically increasing every year with two digits growth rate, however, many problems like "Edge Cracking" "Freezing Breakage" "Bending Breakage" "Joint Gap" are happening frequently within a couple of hours after installation due to the durabilities. Because of the characteristics of Ceramic products, clay pavers are very easy to be broken when they are bumped against each other. In addition, they are relatively fragile by a freezing expansion breakage when exposed to water due to hydrophilic property as well as the intensity and absorptance of the products are varied with small difference from the production process such as production equipment and process control. Therefore, it costs a lot of money to repair the breakdown unless production and installation is carried out according to the strict criteria of the quality control. In this study, the symptoms of breakdown frequently happened in clay paver are classified by each type and finally the solution for this problem in the production of brick, installation and criteria of quality control through compressive strength and absorptance test is suggested.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.2 s.80
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• pp.205-212
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• 2004

Recently, as concerns over environmental issues are raised more and more trend to use recycled waste for producing construction materials is also raised. Especially, a case of waste resin is considerably destroying the environment due to disposal way that most waste resin produced is disposed of landfill. This study is performed by polymer concrete with recycled PET resin in terms of obtaining safely clean construction resources and protection of environment. High setting shrinkage and sensitivity to heat are main disadvantages of Polymer Concrete (PC) despites of a lot merits. The aim of this study is to investigate basic properties such as setting shrinkage, length change and sensitivity to heat about PET recycled polymer concrete. The other is to check the possibility of use of Montmorillonite as one of a lot of additive without special coupling agent. As results of experiments, various properties of polymer concrete with recycled PET resin are similar with conventional PC except that polymerization time is longer. Montmorillonite was efficiently used to reduce setting shrinkage, length change and coenicient of thermal expansion related to heat with enhanced strength

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2003.07a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2003

최근 소득수준의 향상과 여성의 사회진출로 인해 우리의 식생활도 많은 부분이 사회화되고 있다. 즉 완전조리식품과 반조리식품이 급격히 증가하고 있다. 기존의 인스탄트식품이 저가격, 반건강 특성으로 생각되어진 반면 최근 고가의 건강 지향적인 반조리식품으로 변화하고 있다. 이러한 경향은 식품가공기술 및 식품포장기술의 향상과 사회적요구에 부합된 결과로 사료된다. 이에 대표적인 경우가 다양한 소스류의 상품화 경향이다. 본 연구개발 사업에서 이루어지는 냉면소스도 가정에서 하기에는 번거롭고, 건강지향적 식생활로 메밀의 수효가 증가하여 냉면의 소비가 증가하리라 생각된다. 현재 시판되고 있는 기존의 몇몇의 제품들이 있기는 하나 제조공정, 보존상태 등에서 많은 문제점이 있다. 따라서 문헌 통하여 기존제품의 배합비를 조사하고, 냉면소스 배합비의 최적화를 위해 10여차례에 걸쳐 20종류의 소스에 대하여 배합비의 변화와 관능검사에 의해 배주스, 양파, 겨자, 마늘, 설탕, 물엿, 소금, 미원, 참기름, 고춧가루, 진간장, 생강즙, 식초, 파인애플로 구성된 소스를 개발하였다. 개발된 소스의 pH, 당도, 염도, 색차를 측정하여 관능검사의 결과와 비교 검토하였고, 식품재료의 차이에 의한 맛의 변화를 보정하기 위한 근거로 사용하였다. 저장성 검사를 위해 일반세균과 대장균을 검사하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 소비자들의 기호에 맞는 냉면소스를 개발하기 위해 다양한 식품의 배합을 시도하여 상품성이 있을 것으로 판단되는 recipe를 완성하였고, 일반인(주부)들을 상대로 한 호감도 조사에서도 좋은 성적을 나타내었다. 시료를 1주간격으로 한달간 실험한 결과 쇠고기가 들어 있는 제품을 제외하구 대장균은 검출되지 않았으며 일반세균은 위생법의 허용치내에 있었다. 쇠고기가 있는 제품은 가격상승과 저장성에 문제가 있어 이를 제하고 최종적인 레시피를 결정하였다.있었다. 그러나 식이 섭취상태와의 관련성은 나타나지 않았다. 이상에서 생활습관이 신체계측치 및 혈중 지질 농도와 일부 상관을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 건강위험 요인도 관찰할 수 있었다. 고지혈증은 심혈관계질환의 주요한 위험 인자로 알려져 있으며, 그 유발 요인에는 여러 환경적인 요인과 식이 요인이 있다. 또한 생활습관은 영양소의 섭취량에도 영향을준다. 이처럼 식이 요인과 생활습관은 단독 혹은 상호 영향을 주게 되므로 고지혈증 및 심혈관계질환을 개선하려면 식사요법과 생활습관 교정을 병행하여야 한다. 고지혈증의 원인 중의 하나로 지적되고 있는 음주와 흡연은 상호 유도작용이 있으므로 금연이나 절주를 하고자 할 경우 두가지를 동시에 자제해야 효과적일 것으로 생각된다. 폐경후 여성들에게 발생 빈도가 높은 심혈관질환의 위험요인인 고지혈증을 예방하고자 하는 노력은 폐경후 여성들의 삶의 질적 향상을 위해서도 매우 중요하다. 또한 균형식 섭취와 운동을 통해 혈중 지질 수준을 건강하게 유지하고, 비만으로의 이행을 방지함으로써 심혈관계질환을 예방하도록 하여야겠다.료보다 절반이하 수준이었다. Ferric citrate는 차이가 거의 없었으며 ferrous lactate는 70%수준이었다. 이상의 결과에서 철분강화우유에 사용하기 적합한 철분염은 ferrous lactate, ferric citrate였는데 특히 ferrous lactate는 제품의 이화학적 품질, 생이용성 측면 모두에서 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났다.다 높았으며, 1회당 평균 8.1$\pm$5.1개의 난포란을 회수하였다. investigation can be separated into sampling and analytical uncertainties, it can be used as a criterion where the resources for the inves

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2007

Global warming crisis due primarily to continued green house gas emission requires impending change to renewable alternative energy than continuously depending on exhausting fossil fuels. Bioenergy including biodiesel and bioethanol are considered good alternatives because of their renewable and sustainable nature. Bioethanol is currently being produced by using sucrose from sugar beet, grain starches or lignocellulosic biomass as sources of ethanol fermentation. However, grain production requires significant amount of fossil fuel inputs during agricultural practices, which means less competitive in reducing the level of green house gas emission. By contrast, cellulosic bioethanol can use naturally-growing, not-for-food biomass as a source of ethanol fermentation. In this respect, cellulosic ethanol than grain starch ethanol is considered a more appropriate as a alternative renewable energy. However, commercialization of cellulosic ethanol depends heavily on technology development. Processes such as securing enough biomass optimized for economic processing, pretreatment technology for better access of polymer-hydrolyzing enzymes, saccharification of recalcitrant lignocellulosic materials, and simultaneous fermentation of different sugars including 6-carbon glucose as well as 5-carbon xylose or arabinose waits for greater improvement in technologies. Although it seems to be a long way to go until commercialization, it should broadly benefit farmers with novel source of income, environment with greener and reduced level of global warming, and national economy with increased energy security. Mission-oriented strategies for cellulosic ethanol development participated by government funding agency and different disciplines of sciences and technologies should certainly open up a new era of renewable energy.