• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.11
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• pp.1044-1050
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• 2013

This paper analyzes what is mitigated as spoofing attack using the U-Blox Receiver and GPS RF signal generator developed at ETRI. Generally the spoofing attack made the target receiver to be wrong navigation solution by providing false measurement of code and carrier. So we analyzed the impact of spoofing attack through the signal strength and navigation solution. In oder to test of effect of anti-spoofing signal, we consider the signal with antiphase code to spoofing signal and generated GPS normal signal and spoofing signal and anti-spoofing signal using GPS RF signal generator. This paper analyzed that the GPS receiver was responded to the spoofing attack according to code phase difference between spoofing and anti-spoofing signal. We confirmed that the spoofing signal was disappeared by anti-spoofing signal if code phase is an exact match.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.757-763
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• 2003

In order to establish the optimal soil moisture, seeding date and nitrogen fertilization, yield and its components grown at 3 different seeding dates and 2 nitrogen fertilizations were compared and analyzed in adaly(Coix lachyma-jobi L. var. mayuen). The results are summarized as follows: Heading date and maturity date were earlier in early seeding date than in late seeding date. Days to heading was shortened as the seeding date was late. Stem length, stem diameter, and tiller number were increased in irrigation than control, and were decreased as the seeding date was late. The top and the root dry weight were increased in irrigation than in control, and were decreased as the seeding date was late. Net photosynthetic rate was increased significantly in irrigation. Occurrance of leaf blight disease was much lower in irrigation than in control. 1000 grain weight and grain yield were higher in irrigation than in control, and were decreased as the seeding date was late. Rate of sterility was lower in irrigation than in control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.314-319
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• 1985

In order to observe the differences of several characters related to earliness, seven barley varieties were tested under two different photoperiodic conditions. Final leaf number per main stem under long day did not vary among varieties, but ranged 6 to 7 in early group and 9 to 10 in late group under shortday. Shoot apex of early varieties, Jogangbori and Oweolbori reached to X stage at 24 days, but that of late variety, CI 15446 did to X stag at 32 days after transplanting under short day. Spike length reached to maximum length at 39 days in early group, but at 51 days in late group. Saeolbori, CI 15446 and Hangmi were photo-sensitive, but Jogangbori and Oweolbori were photo-insensitive. Therefore, the photoperiodic response to short day was most responsible to heading time. Those results showed that early heading varieties had the characteristics with less variation of final leaves, less retardation of shoot apex development and spike elongation, and shorter period to flag leaf emergence under short day.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.141-152
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• 2024

In the biopharmaceutical contract manufacturing organization (CMO) business, establishing a production schedule that satisfies the due date for various customer orders is crucial for competitiveness. In a CMO process, each order consists of multiple batches that can be allocated to multiple production lines in small batch units for parallel production. This study proposes a meta-heuristic algorithm to establish a scheduling plan that minimizes the total delivery delay of orders in a CMO process with identical parallel machine. Inspired by biological evolution, the proposed algorithm generates random data structures similar to chromosomes to solve specific problems and effectively explores various solutions through operations such as crossover and mutation. Based on real-world data provided by a domestic CMO company, computer experiments were conducted to verify that the proposed algorithm produces superior scheduling plans compared to expert algorithms used by the company and commercial optimization packages, within a reasonable computation time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

An RIL population from a Shinpaldalkong2/GC83006 cross was employed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with agronomic traits in soybean. The genetic map consisted of 127 loci which covered about 3,000cM and were assigned into 20 linkage groups. Phenotypic data were collected for the following traits; plant height, leaf area, flowering time, pubescence color, seed coat color and hilum color in 2005. Seed weight was evaluated using seeds collected in 2003 to 2005 at Suwon and in 2005 at Pyeongchang and Miryang sites. Three QTLs were associated with 100-seed weight in the combined analysis across three years. Among the three QTLs related to seed weight, all GC83006 alleles on LG O ($R^2\;=\;12.5$), LG A1 ($R^2\;=\;10.1$) and LG C2 ($R^2\;=\;11.5$) increased the seed weight. A QTL conditioning plant height was linked to markers including Satt134 (LG C2, $R^2\;=\;25.4$), and the GC83006 allele increased plant height at this QTL locus. For two QTLs related to leaf area, 1aM on LG M ($R^2\;=\;10.0$) and laL on LG L ($R^2\;=\;8.6$), the Shinpaldalkong2 alleles had positive effect to increase the leaf area. Satt134 on LG C2 ($R^2\;=\;41.0$) was associated with QTL for days to flowering. Satt134 (LG C2) showed a linkage to a gene for pubescence color. Satt363 (LG C2) and Satt354 (LG I) were linked to the hilum color gene, and Sat077 (LG D1a) was linked to the seed coat color. The QTL conditioning plant height was in the similar genomic location as the QTLs for days to flowering in this population, indicating pleiotropic effect of one gene or the tight linkage of several genes. These linked markers would be useful in marker assisted selection for these traits in a soybean breeding program.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2005

Purpose: Critical pathways (CP), also known as clinical pathways, are management plans that display goals for patients and have led to improved outcomes for many disease entities. This study was aimed at developing a critical pathway for the surgical treatment of gastric cancer patients and evaluating its usefulness. Materials and Methods: A CP was developed and implemented by a team of surgeons, nurses, nutritionists, and administrative officials. Among the 117 patients who received curative gastrectomies for gastric cancer at Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, between October 2003 and August 2004, 26 patients were treated according to the CP. We evaluated its usefulness by comparing the clinical characterisctics, postoperative progress, hospital stays, and costs between the CP and the non-CP groups. Patient satisfaction was also surveyed with questionnaires. Results: Of the initial 26 patients in the CP group, two were excluded from the final evaluation; one patient had a duodenal stump leakage, and the other had a gastric stasis postoperatively. In 8 patients, protocol violation occurred; six patients refused to be discharged on the $7^{th}$ postoperative day, one patient who had an gastric staisis postoperatively stayed for 2 additional days, and one patient who needed ICU care stayed for 4 additional days. The drop-out rate was $7.7\%$ (2/26), and the variance rate was $30.8\%$ (8/26). The mean hospital stay was 11.3 days ($10\~15$ days) for the CP group compared with 17.5 days ($9\∼68$ days) for the non-CP group, resulting in a difference of about 6 days (P<0.05). The mean hospital stays after surgery were 10.3 days ($7\∼68$ days) and 8.3 days ($7\∼12$ days) for the non-CP and the CP groups, respectively, but the difference was statistically not significant (P>0.05). The mean charge during the hospital stay was higher in the non-CP group ( $\\$ 6,292,200) than in the CP group ( $\\$ 4,863,685). The charge per hospital day was higher in the CP group ( $\\$ 430,414) than in the non-CP group ( $\\$ 359,554). Patient satisfaction was higher in the CP group than in the non-CP group. Conclusion: By developing and applying a critical pathway in the surgical treatment of stomach cancer patients, we could reduce the length of hospital stay as well as the cost. A multi-centered prospective study to establish a standard treatment pathway and to demonstrate its effectiveness is needed in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2020

Spatial simulation of crop growth often requires application of management conditions to each cell. In particular, it is of great importance to determine the temperature conditions during the nursery period for rice seedlings, which would affect heading date projections. The objective of this study was to determine the value of TMPSB, which is the parameter of ORYZA2000 model to represent temperature increase under a plastic tunnel during the rice seedling periods. Candidate values of TMPSB including 0℃, 2℃, 5℃, 7℃ and 9℃ were used to simulate rice growth and yield. Planting dates were set from mid-April to mid-June. The simulations were performed at four sites including Cheorwon, Suwon, Seosan, and Gwangju where climate conditions at rice fields common in Korea can be represented. It was found that the TMPSB values of 0℃ and 2℃ resulted in a large variation of heading date due to low temperature occurred in mid-April. When the TMPSB value was >7℃, the variation of heading date was relatively small. Still, the TMPSB value of 5℃ resulted in the least variation of heading date for all the planting dates. Our results suggested that the TMPSB value of 5℃ would help reasonable assessment of climate change impact on rice production when high resolution gridded weather data are used as inputs to ORYZA2000 model over South Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2020

Type III Glycogen storage disease (Type III GSD, OMIM#232400) is a genetic metabolic disorder in which undigested glycogen accumulates in the organs due to lack of glycogen debranching enzyme caused by AGL mutation. The clinical symptoms of type III GSD include hepatomegaly, delayed growth, hypoglycemia and muscle weakness. These clinical symptoms are similar to those of other types of GSD, making it difficult to distinguish clinically. The authors report a case of type III GSD diagnosed by gene panel sequencing. A 11-month old male patient was presented with hepatomegaly. In liver biopsy, glycogen was accumulated in hepatocytes, suggesting GSDs. For differential diagnosis of types of GSD, gene panel sequencing for GSDs was performed. As a result, two novel pathogenic compound heterozygous variants: c.311_312del (p.His104Argfs*15) and c.3314+1G>A in AGL were detected and the patient was diagnosed as type III GSD. After diagnosis, he started dietary treatment with cornstarch, and has been free from complications. After two years, two same variants were also identified in the chorionic villous sampling of the pregnant mother, and the fetus was diagnosed as type III GSD. Gene panel sequencing is useful for diagnosis of disease which is indistinguishable by clinically and has high genetic heterogeneity, such as GSD. After diagnosis, familial genetic analysis can provide adequate genetic counseling and rapid diagnosis.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.365-368
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• 2003

Variations of agronomic traits were evaluated on the progenies of regenerated rice plants of different callus origin and subculture period. From eighty-eight percent to ninety percents of ovary culture-derived plants (OCP) and anther culture-derived plants (ACP) were not segregated within the lines in major agronomic characters. Compare to ACP and OCP lines, the seed culture derived lines (SCP) showed more segregation (17％) in major agronomic traits among the lines. The most frequent segregating traits were grain fertility (6.1％) in ACP, leaf color (4.2％) in OCP and grain fertility (4.9％) and leaf color (4.9％) in SCP lines. The SCP line showed more variation in culm length, panicle length and heading date than those of OCP and ACP lines. The variation of agronomic traits in SCP lines was tended to increase with prolonged subculture. Culm and panicle length were shorter than those of original cultivar in all three types of tissue culture-derived lines (OCP, ACP and SCP).

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.373-386
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• 2003

Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA were determined for 14 individuals representing eight taxa from Scopolia s. str. and related genera, Anisodus and Atropanthe. We found that the ITS sequences of Korean endemic species, S. parviflora, are significantly different from its allied species, S. japonica. This is contradictory to traditional taxonomic treatments in which those species are regarded as conspecific. S. parviflora exhibited closer relationship to S. carniolica, which is disjunctly distributed in Europe. In spite of substantially high sequence divergence between S. japonica and S. parvlflora/S. carniolica clade, morphological resemblance is evident among the species. Morphological stasis concept (retardation of morphological differentiation or evolution of similar characters among the disjuncts in a similar ecological habitat) was referred to understand this rather unusual evolutionary feature. S. lutescens, another Korean endemic species, shared almost identical ITS sequences with S. parviflora. Lack of diagnostic character distinguishing the taxa suggests that they are conspecific. Anisodus carniolicoides, which was originally described in Scopolia, was grouped with A. luridus and A. tanguticus. The monophyletic Anisodus formed a sister group relationship with a monotypic genus Atropanthe.