• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.38 no.6 s.175
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• pp.717-729
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• 2005

Peak cooling load of large buildings is generally greater than their peak heating load. Internal and solar heat gains are used fur selection of adquate equipment in large building in cold winter climate like Canada and even Korea. The cost of geothermal heat exchanger to meet the cooling loads can increase the initial cost of ground source heat pump system to the extend less costly conventional system often chosen. Thermal ice storage system has been used for many years in Korea to reduce chiller capacity and shift Peak electrical time and demand. A distribution system designed to take advantage of heat extracted from the ice, and use of geothermal loop (geothermal heat exchanger) to heat as an alternate heat source and sink is well known to provide many benifits. The use of thermal energy storage (TES) reduces the heat pump capacity and peak cooling load needed in large building by as much as 40 to $60\%$ with less mechanical equipment and less space for mechanical room. Additionally TES can reduce the size and cost of the geothermal loop by 1/3 to 1/4 compared to ground coupled heat pump system that is designed to meet the peak heating and cooling load and also can eliminate difficuties of geothermal loop installation such as space requirements and thermal conditions of soil and rock at the urban area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.862-869
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• 2009

This research was performed to acquire fundamental data to be used in developing school foodservice monitoring programs by investigating the actual operational conditions and views of dietitians and students' parents on foodservice monitoring. A questionnaire was provided to the parents and the dietitians of 100 school foodservice establishments in Ulsan area for one month (June, 2007). The questionnaires of 51 foodservice establishments from dietitians and parents were collected (response rate 51%). The collected data from the questionnaires were statistically analyzed using the SAS package program. In terms of the study subjects, 98.0% of the school foodservices were direct managed. The knowledge of HACCP of the students' parents included 'know well' (52.6%), 'know a little bit' (8.8%), and 'do not know' (38.6%). 90.2% of the subjects were monitoring school foodservice regularly. The performance rates of school foodservice monitoring by the students' parents were in the order of: inspecting food materials (95.4%), food preparation (92.7%), and cleaning and facilities sanitation (88.1%). Of the students' parent respondents, 64.1% received preliminary monitoring education regularly, in the order of inspecting food materials (70.9%), food preparation (67.5%), and cleaning and facilities sanitation (60.9%); menu planning (45.5%) was the most highly required item for preliminary education. The understanding degree, in terms of the foodservice preliminary education, was 3.10 points, and the effects evaluation scores of the preliminary education by the dietitians was 3.18 points out of 5 points. The evaluation results for both the importance and performance about the foodservice monitoring items, as evaluated by the students' parents, indicating that importance was higher than performance in 7 of the foodservice monitoring items. The highest item for both importance and performance was 'food preparation'. There were no differences between the importance and performance of the foodservice monitoring items, regardless of whether or not the students' parents had preliminary education, suggesting that the preliminary education of the students' parents was not effective so far. In conclusion, in order to maximize the effectiveness of students' parent foodservice monitoring programs, it is necessary that students' parents participate voluntarily and perform foodservice monitoring regularly. Also, the preliminary education should be offered prior to performing monitoring, considering the demands and the characteristic of the students' parents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.440-447
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• 2006

The perception of Korean housewives was investigated on commercial Korean basic side dishes. The questionnaires were distributed to 464 housewives in Busan area. According to the survey, the housewives preferred discount stores (44.1%) to purchase basic side dishes. The reasons for purchasing them were convenience (54.6%) and readiness in small amount (23.1%). The housewives had high perception scores on saying cooking time (4.90/5.00), the possibility of purchasing when they need (3.93/5.00), and convenient use (3.85/5.00). However, they doubted the propriety of making use of chemical seasoning (2.15/5.00), the original place of raw food materials (2.21/5.00), and shelf life control (2.44/5.00). The satisfaction scores on the commercial basic side dishes were 3.06/5.00 in braised perilla leaves, 2.98/5.00 in braised soybean, 2.96/5.00 in pickled garlic, and 2.96/5.00 in stir-fried/muchim dried fish. The priorities on the improvement demand for the basic side dishes were appeared in order of the sanitary preparation, the consistent tastes, the proper amounts of chemical seasonings, and sanitary distribution systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.456-463
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to extract choice attributes of bakery cafe customers and to conduct important- performance analysis (IPA) of choice attributes perceived by bakery cafe customers. The questionnaire was developed through literature review and focus group interview, and modified after pilot test. The questionnaires for main survey were distributed to 320 males and females aged 20 and over in Seoul. A total of 275 questionnaires were used for analysis (85.9%) and the statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Win (12.0) for descriptive analyses, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, and correlation analyses. The main results were as follows. 'Products', 'convenience to use', 'services and price', 'interior environments' 'brand' and 'location' dimensions were extracted as choice attributes dimensions of bakery cafe customers and customers of bakery cafe regarded 'sanitation and cleanness', 'kindness of employees', 'quality of products', 'comfortable and pleasant facilities' and 'taste of bakery products' as more important than other attributes. In addition, the results of IPA showed that marketing managers of bakery cafes should focused on the dimension of 'services and price' in the reason that this dimension was low at performance although customers regarded it very important. Overall, researchers and managers of bakery cafes should understand unique choice attributes of bakery cafe customers, and make efforts to establish marketing strategies that meet bakery cafe customers' needs.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2015

Now that it is the current situation that the smooth supply and demand are necessary for 2nd phase of beginning construction and stable development of Gaesung Industrial Complex, this study was willing to offer the planning criteria and model to establish the lodging for the workers in Gaesung Industrial Complex based on the agreement that both South and North Korea agreed in 2007. Regarding the plan, its standard and the alternative were reviewed considering welfare of workers, economic efficiency, technical validity, possibility of agreement and long-term development. The exclusive area per capita was calculated through Labor Standards Act of Korea and status survey of lodging for the workers provided to border line area between China and North Korea and the economic alternative based on one room for 6 persons with the public restroom was compared with that of development type based on one room for 4 persons with indoor restroom. Especially regarding the proposed site, the area with the optimized position was set by considering gradient, accessibility and convenience of development out of the area of Dongchang-ri where was agreed already and the priority of the proposed site that can keep the existing building site and provide was offered. The necessary period for whole construction was set as approximately 36 months. Regarding construction method, RC Rahmen method was selected as the optimized alternative considering the workmanship of manpower of North Korea and conditions of supply and demand of materials and cluster-type vehicle allocation plan based on 4~6 units considering the efficiency of supplying service facilities and convenient facilities along the simultaneous accommodation of 15,000 people was offered. It was analyzed that total business expenses of approximately 80~100 billion Korean Won would required though there were the difference for each alternative in the charged rental way that the development business owner develops by lending the inter-Korea Cooperation Fund and withdraws the rent by the benefit principle. The possibility of withdrawing the rent was analyzed assuming that the period of withdrawing the investment is 30 years. Especially for the operation management after moving, the establishment of the committee of operating the lodging for the workers of Gaesung Industrial Complex (tentative name) was offered with the dualized governance that the constructor takes charge of operational management, collecting fees and management of infrastructure and human resource management is delegated to North Korea.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.61
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• pp.74-97
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• 2013

Asia is developing rapidly in 21st century. Human and material exchanges between Korea and Asian countries have greatly increased. Korea entered the multicultural society. It became important for Korean people to understand Asia more correctively. Korean media can play a key role for this. In this point, I analyzed 1786 news contents reported in 2011 by four Korean newspapers(Chosun Ilbo, Dong-A Ilbo, Hankyoreh newspaper, Kyungh Kyunghyang Daily News), to see differences of Asia and West news aspect and its reason, focusing on news topic, amount of news, news tone and foreign media sources. In amount of news, the percent of West(54.3%) was higher than that of Asia news(45.7%). In news tone, negative news were the most in Asia news, but the least in West news. Korean newspaper showed more positive attitude to West than Asia. 1786 news were classified into seven topics(morality and justice, politics, economics and science, society, diplomacy and national defense, human interest, people). In news amount of seven topics, Korean newspapers reported hard news like morality and justice more than soft news like human interest about Asia. However they reported many soft news about West besides hard news. In news topics and tone, hard news showed negative tone most and soft news showed neutral or positive tone most. As a result, Korean news showed the negative attitude to Asia and the positive to West. Among five main sources(media, government, private organization, individual and material), only media source affected the differences of news attitude to Asia and West. Asia media source took the more positive attitude to Asia than West. West media took the negative attitude to Asia most and the neutral attitude to West most. Korean newspapers used West media as main sources in the news of all areas except East Asia. As a result, Korean newspapers showed the West-centered-attitude and reported the negative news more than neutral and positive about Asia. It was suggested that Korean newspapers had better increase Asia news in diverse spheres by the direct reporting of the correspondent and the more use of Asia media through the internet.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.277-284
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of dental hygiene freshmen about their major and their occupational consciousness. The subjects in this study were 361 dental hygiene freshmen at three different colleges in Gyeonggi province. After a survey was conducted, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 11.5 program. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As for their view of occupation, the students made a well-paying job a priority(M = 2.97), and looked upon an occupation as a means of living(M = 1.60). Regarding the use of the profits of dental hospitals and clinics, they believed that they should reinvest their profits in a purchase of machinery, an expansion of facilities or technical development(M = 2.00). 2. Concerning relations between their motivation of college entrance and their satisfaction with their major, 96.6 percent of those who found their major satisfactory or quite satisfactory considered it to right up with their alley. 82.6 percent of them chose their major to get a stable job, and 62.8 percent of them did it through the advice of their families, relatives or regular teachers. 59.1 percent of them did it in consideration of their college entrance examination scores. Every student who were pressed for economic reasons to choose their major were unsatisfied with it. Thus, their motivation of college entrance made a statistically significantly wide difference to their satisfaction with major(p < 0.01). 3. They got a mean of 3.10 in occupational consciousness. By sub- category, they scored highest in interpersonal and work ethics(3.19 respectively). They got a mean of 3.04 in academic ethics, and got a mean of 2.99 in professional ethics, which was the lowest mark. 4. As to connections between their general characteristics and occupational consciousness, their occupational awareness was significantly different according to their motivation of college entrance and information they acquired at the time of college entrance(p < 0.05). In regard to the relationship of their satisfaction with major to their occupational awareness, their occupational consciousness statistically significantly varied with their department, their willingness of staying as a dental hygienist, the future prospect of dental hygienist (p < 0.01).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.301-308
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• 2013

This study investigated the recognition and preference of foreign students to Tangpyeongchae, in order to suggest strategy for developing Tangpyeongchae acceptable for them. Questionnaires translating in Chinese and English were given to 75 Chinese and American university students in Chungnam province. A total of 70 questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS software(version 12.0). The students were asked about impression, recognition, preference and factors for improving acceptability of Tangpyeongchae. The respondents consisted 51(72.9%) Chinese and 19(27.1%) Americans. This research was conducted from May 11 to May 18, 2012. The results of this study were as follows : Impression after eating Tangpyeongchae got better scores than first impression by Chinese students, whereas there were no significant differences in Americans' impression. The main reason for good impression after eating it was 'good taste'. The Chinese and Americans' mean overall acceptance scores of Tangpyeongchae were 4.06 and 3.86 on 5-point scale, respectively, showing that they had high acceptance for Tangpyeongchae. Most of the Chinese students chose 'taste' as the most important factor for enhancing the popularity for Tangpyeongchae. It proposed that the control of taste may be a main factor, and then need to develop the sauce and seasonings which is suitable for Chinese taste for developing Chinese favorite Tangpyeongchae. Most of American students answered the texture should be improved for Americans' preference.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.50-60
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• 2019

In the late 1980s, a financial crisis and Compulsory Competitive Tendering (CCT) in green space services brought with it a profound impact on the quality of parks in the UK. Such government projects, e.g. Urban Task Force (1999) and Public Parks Assessment (2001), aimed to raise the awareness of the severity of the declining standards of urban parks. Since the late 1990s, the UK governments (The New Labour (1997-2010) and The Conservative Government (2010-2019)), have often adopted community-led governance schemes to enhance the quality of parks and address problems derived from the financial crisis. Accordingly, community groups, notably 'Friends of', enlarged their involvement in the decision-making process of park management. However, there is little empirical evidence concerning the impact of community-led governance on park management, in particular, the effect on the users' perceptions of park use. This study explored the context of community-led park management to reclassify the level of build-up of governance underlined by 'A Ladder of Citizen Participation'. In addition, questionnaire surveys were conducted around two Sheffield district parks, which are located in deprived areas. As a result, community involvement in the status quo of UK urban park management has changed its form of governance based on the extent of involvement in the decision-making process. The forms of governance could be categorised in three levels: general, active, and predominant governance, where the extents of decision-making and sharing responsibility vary. The results obtained through the questionnaires show that one park (active governance), which has a stronger tendency of sharing responsibility to get involved in park management, had better contribution to park management and positive impacts on users' satisfaction than the other park (general governance). The findings highlight that stronger governance in partnerships with the non-public sectors can shed light on current and future park management through a shift in sharing responsibility for park management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1058-1062
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• 2005

통상 방조제 배수갑문의 방류능력은 위어공식 또는 오리피스공식을 이용하여 산정하는데, 이 경우 지형특성, 배수갑문 형상에 따른 흐름의 간섭현상, 유입부와 유출부의 형상 등이 방류량에 미치는 영향을 고려하지 못한다. 본 연구에서는 도류벽, 배수문, 물받이 등 방조제 배수갑문의 형상과 배치가 방류량에 미치는 영향을 상용 프로그램인 FLOW-3D를 이용하여 정량적으로 해석하였다. 이를 통해 배수갑문의 방류능력과 유황을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 시화조력발전소를 대상으로 배수갑문의 방류능력 개선에 3차원 수치모의가 효과적으로 적용될 수 있음을 보였다. 본 연구에서 도출한 주요 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 유출부측의 물받이길이를 40 m 증가시킴에 따라 전체 방류량은 계획안에 비해 약 $10\% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 물받이 끝과 원지반의 연결부 사면을 1:1에서 1:5의 완경사로 변화시킴에 따라 전체 방류량은 약 $2\%$ 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 배수문과 수차발전 구조물 사이의 유선형 연결구조물을 제거함에 따라 전체 방류량은 약 $3\%$ 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 4) 도류벽의 접근각도를 $10^{\circ}$ 감소시키거나 증가시킴에 따라 전체 방류량은 약 $5\% 감소 또는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 배수갑문의 설계시 방류능력 개선을 위해서는 수리학적 검토가 필요하며 수치모형실험이 수리모형실험과 더불어 유용한 해석도구로 이용될 수 있음을 보인 것으로, 이후 관련 구조물의 설계시 참고자료로 이용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.다. 실험 결과, Escarameia와 May가 제안한 공식을 더 확장하여 적용할 수 있는 실험 공식으로 개선하였으며 다양한 조건에 대한 실험을 수행하여 보다 정밀한 공식으로 개선할 수 있었다.$10,924m^3/s$ 및 $10,075m^3/s$로서 실험 I의 $2,757m^3/s$에 비해 통수능이 많이 개선되었음을 알 수 있다.함을 알 수 있다. 상수관로 설계 기준에서는 관로내 수압을 $1.5\~4.0kg/cm^2$으로 나타내고 있는데 $6kg/cm^2$보다 과수압을 나타내는 경우가 $100\%$로 밸브를 개방하였을 때보다 $60\%,\;80\%$ 개방하였을 때가 더 빈번히 발생하고 있으므로 대상지역의 밸브 개폐는 $100\%$ 개방하는 것이 선계기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐에 따른 수압 변화를 모의한 결과 밸브 개폐도를 적절히 유지하여 필요수량의 확보 및 누수방지대책에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.8R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\