• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.269-293
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• 2016

This research studies the characteristics of the family systems of traditional societies in Black Africa. For this purpose, this study has chosen three subtopics: the distinctive features of traditional societies, marriage customs (polygamy and polyandry), and the societal features of patriarchal and matriarchal societies. First, we analyze men's and women's roles, ownership and management of the land, dowry, and social values of livestock as the distinctive features that support the family system in traditional Black African societies. These elements play an important role in increasing the number of family members. Next we analyze marriage customs-polygamy and polyandry-which increase the number of family members, on the one hand, and secure the labor force, on the other hand. Most traditional societies in Black Africa prectice polygamy. However, the $Bashil{\acute{e}}l{\acute{e}}$ and Bahima prectice polyandry. Polygamy in traditional societies in Black Africa is based on the traditional social customs that display the authority and dignity of the family head, who has control over all family members in both patrilineal and matrilineal societies. The authority and dignity of the family head are used to keep and increase the number of family members, that is, to secure the community firmly. Finally, most traditional societies are patrilineal. However, matrilineal societies are prevalent in the so-called Matrilineal Belt, which term refers to the savanna regions where Bantu peoples reside, that is, the coastal regions from the Angolan coast, bordering the Atlantic, to the Tanzanian and Mozambique coasts that border the Indian Ocean. These societies trace descent through the maternal bloodline. The traditional family system in Black Africa is based on economic social, and political factors, as well as on the community spirit of the members, which has resulted from the choices made to increase the prosperity and well-being of the people.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.214-233
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• 2002

Igneous rocks of Mt. Mudeung area are composed of Pre-Cambrian granite gneiss, Triassic hornblende-biotite granodiorite, Jurassic quartz diorite and Cretaceous igneous rocks. The Cretaceous igneous rocks consist of volcanic rocks (Hwasun andesite, Mudeung-san dacite and Dogok rhyolite) and granitic rocks (micrograpic granite and quartz porphyry). Major elements of the Cretaceous igneous rocks represent calc-alkaline rock series and correspond to a series of differentiated products from cogenetic magma. Igneous activity of Mt. Mudeung area started from volcanic activity, and continued to intrusive activity at end of the Cretaceous. In chondrite normalized REE pattern, most of igneous rocks of Mt. Mudeung area show similar pattern of Eu (-) anomaly. This is a characteristic feature of granite in continental margin by tectonic movement. Variation diagrams of total REE vs. La/Yb V vs. SiO$_2$ indicate differentiation and magnetite fractionation sequential trend of Hwasun andesite longrightarrowMudeungsan dacitelongrightarrowquartz porphyry. In mineral composition of these igneous rocks in mt. Mudeung area, composition of plagioclase and biotite coincidence with variation of whole rock composition, and emplacement and consolidation of magma is about 15 km (about 4.9 Kbar) in Jurassic quartz diorite and 2.0~3.2 km (0.6~1.0 Kbar) in Triassic hornblende-biotite granodiorite used by amphibolite geobarometer. Parental magma type of these granitic rocks of nt. Mudeung area corresponds to VAG field in Pearce diagram, and I-type in ACF diagram.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.20-32
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• 2008

The study shows a method called a square-inventory method, which is a better and faster method than scanline survey and window method for an analysis of slope stability. The study area is located in the Changri area, Boeun-Gun, Chungbuk, and consists of many formations of the Okcheon Supergroup. Various types of failure are observed from the phyllite including the rocks in the study area. The physical properties of meta-sedimentary rocks are that minerals of the rocks are composed of microcrystalline quartz and sericite, which are arranged parallel to bedding (or schistosity) and crenulation cleavage. Therefore, such properties affect geotechnical ones of the rock. The slope stability are analyzed by selecting 3 areas, each of which are divided into 2 or 3 slopes of $1m{\times}1m$ area that represent each of 3 investigation sites. The possibility of wedge and toppling failure is very high in all 3 areas by using square-inventory method. Although possibility of plane failure is weak in the investigation site 2, the plane failures are frequently found from the slope of site 2. The bedding (or schistosity) plane and cleavage, another types of discontinuity coexist in meta-sedimentary rocks uulike igneous rocks, and therefore are important factors to be considered together with joint structures in th ε analysis of slope stability.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 산불발생인자들에 대한 정보를 각각의 요인별로 집적화하고 체계화시킴으로써 산불예방활동의 기초자료로 활용할 뿐만 아니라 산불발생 시, 산불의 거동을 예측하기 위한 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 발생인자는 크게 연료 및 기상조건 관련 인자와 열적특성 관련 인자로 분류하고 연료 및 기상조건 관련 인자는 수종별, 부위별, 지역별, 고도별, 월별 산림연료들의 구성 요인들에 대해서 분석하였다. 수종별로는 생강나무, 초피나무, 조록싸리, 산초, 개암, 청미래, 고추나무, 철쭉, 조릿대, 털진달래 등 관목류 10개 수종과 김의털, 방아풀, 주름조개풀, 칡, 엉겅퀴 등 초본류 5개 수종 그리고 소나무, 잣나무, 리기다소나무, 해송, 구상나무, 주목 등 6개의 침엽수 및 굴참나무, 떡갈나무, 신갈나무, 갈참나무, 졸참나무, 상수리, 산개벚나무, 고채목, 개서어나무, 굴거리나무, 서어나무, 산벚나무, 때죽나무, 당단풍나무, 단풍나무 등 15개의 활엽수로 구성된 교목류를 대상으로 분석하였다. 부위별로는 생엽, 낙엽, 가지, 수피, 솔방울 등으로 구분하여 분석을 수행했으며, 지역별 구성은 강원(삼척/태백산), 경북(응봉산), 경기(용문산), 충북(월악산), 충남(계룡산), 전북(덕유산), 전남(월출산), 부산(금정산), 제주(한라산) 등 9개 지역을 대상으로 선정하였다. 고도별로는 강원도에 소재하고 있는 태백산을 중심으로 소나무와 신갈나무 생엽을 대상으로 900m, 1000m, 1100m, 1200m, 1300m, 1400m, 1500m 고도를 선정하여 분석을 수행하였다. 월별 분석데이터는 소나무 생엽의 경우, 2008년 6월부터 2010년 11월까지 매월 분석을 수행하였으며, 굴참나무 생엽의 경우에는 2008년부터 2010년까지 매년 6월부터 10월까지 생엽을 채취할 수 있는 기간 동안 분석을 수행하였다. 또한, 열적특성 관련 인자로는 착화특성(무염착화온도, 발염착화시간, 소염시간, 화염지속시간), 발열특성(총열방출량, 평균열방출률), 발연특성(총연기방출량, 최대연기밀도, 최대밀도시간) 등을 고찰하였다. 이와 같은 결과들은 산불발생인자 DB구축으로 부터 산불발생 위험도 및 동태예측의 기본 자료로 활용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 지역별 연료별 산림연료의 열적특성 DB로 부터 산불발생시 산불 위험도에 대한 기술정립과 응용성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 이외에도 산림연료 종류별 열적특성을 결과를 토대로 문화재보존지역과 같이 문화적 가치가 높은 시설이나 주유소, 가스 충전소 등의 위험 시설에 대한 효과적인 보호를 위한 대처 방안을 사전에 준비할 수 있어 산불 피해에 대한 국민의 불안감을 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2017

Shipwreck remains below the seabed not only effect the ocean currents and tides, but influence the physical properties of sediments and sedimentary environments that comprise the seabed. In particular, the influence of local shipwrecks discovered buried in the seabed on the sediment is visible. In this study, sediments were collected from the surrounding area of Taean Mado No.3 shipwreck using grab samplers and vibro-corers. The physical properties of these sediments were analyzed to evaluate the impact of the Taean Mado shipwreck No.3 remains. Sediment core analysis by means of density and ultrasonic velocity showed that shear strength tended to increase with depth, whereas moisture content and porosity tended to decrease with depth. Grain size analysis results are shown in terms of Folk's classification, where the grain size of the core samples in the study area indicate mud or sandy mud, and that of the grab sample indicates a muddy sand. Results of the sedimentation rate analysis indicate a rate of 2.84 cm/year and carbon dating of the 150 cm deep seashell indicates the Neolithic age. These sediments were analyzed for the study of the relationship between the Taean Mado shipwreck No.3 remains and the physical properties of the sediment.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.16A no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2009

One of the most effective way to improve cache performance is to exploit both temporal and spatial locality given by any program executive characteristics. In this paper we present a high performance and low power cache structure with a bank selection mechanism that enhances exploitation of spatial and temporal locality. The proposed cache system consists of two parts, i.e., a main direct-mapped cache with a small block size and a fully associative buffer with a large block size as a multiple of the small block size. Especially, the main direct-mapped cache is constructed as two banks for low power consumption and stores a small block which is selected from fully associative buffer by the proposed bank selection algorithm. By using the bank selection algorithm and three state bits, We selectively extend the lifetime of those small blocks with high temporal locality by storing them in the main direct-mapped caches. This approach effectively reduces conflict misses and cache pollution at the same time. According to the simulation results, the average miss ratio, compared with the Victim and STAS caches with the same size, is improved by about 23% and 32% for Mibench applications respectively. The average memory access time is reduced by about 14% and 18% compared with the he victim and STAS caches respectively. It is also shown that energy consumption of the proposed cache is around 10% lower than other cache systems that we examine.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.241-260
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• 2010

This study aims to fully understand the experience of elderly men living alone in a single room occupancy(Chokbang) by identifying the meaning and essence of their experiences. This research used purposive sampling. The data were collected for 7 months from september 2008 to march 2009. Eight elderly men participated in the interview. Mainly the semi-structured in-depth interview and focus group interview were used. The data analysis was based on Giorgi's 4 types of specific steps. As a result, 4 components and 16 subordinate components were drawn from the analysis. The components resulted from the analysis are: , , , . Based on these results, I discussed the attitudes of the elderly men living alone in Chokbang in meaningful and gender-sensitive ways. Moreover, I provided social welfare connotation and future research suggestions.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.59-72
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• 2022

This study employed a 3-D numerical analysis based on the distinct element method to estimate the strength and deformability of a Cretaceous biotite granitic rock mass at Gijang, Busan, Korea. A workflow was proposed to evaluate the scale effect and the representative elementary volume (REV) of mechanical properties for fractured rock masses. Directional strength and deformability parameters such as block strength, deformation modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus were estimated for a discrete fracture network (DFN) in a cubic block the size of the REV. The size of the mechanical REV for fractured rock masses in the study area was determined to be a 15 m cube. The mean block strength and mean deformation modulus of the DFN cube block were found to be 52.8% and 57.7% of the intact rock's strength and Young's modulus, respectively. A constitutive model was derived for the study area that describes the linear-elastic and orthotropic mechanical behavior of the rock mass. The model is expected to help evaluate the stability of tunnels and underground spaces through equivalent continuum analysis.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2011

본 연구는 지역이 가지고 있는 중요한 자원을 자연 생태적 요소, 역사 문화적 요소, 시각 환경적 요소 등으로 분류한 후 충남지역 16개 시 군을 대상으로 군의 상징적 요소로서 가치 있는 자원의 발굴과 동시에 개발에 밀려 점점 사라져가는 농산어촌 대표경관의 추출을 통해 자원의 중요성을 AHP(계층 분석적 의사 결정기법)모델을 통해 분석하여 상호 중요도를 파악하고자 한다. 이러한 연구를 통해 지역의 대표적인 상징적 요소와 경관적 요소의 상관성을 파악함과 동시에 중요도에 따라 순위(ranking ordering)를 결정함으로서 지역의 정체성(identity)을 확보하고, 향후 보전할 자원의 특성을 파악함으로써 지역의 문화적, 환경적, 생태적 자원가치의 패러다임을 구축하고자 한다. 연구방법은 1차적으로 문헌조사를 통한 지역의 자원특성에 대한 분류체계를 설정한 후 전문가 집단을 선정하여 설문조사를 통한 통계적 분석방법을 사용하고자 한다. 전문가 집단은 지역에 대한 비교적 잘 파악하고 있는 지역전문가(관련대학 교수, 공무원, 연구원 등)로 구성하였으며, 1, 2차 설문을 통한 상징성 및 대표경관자원을 최종적으로 선정한 후, 3차 설문에서는 농촌 및 경관관련 전문가 집단을 재선정하여 AHP(계층 분석적 의사결정)기법을 통한 자원의 중요도를 파악하고자 한다. 분석방법은 자료의 계량적 분석을 위해 통계프로그램인 SPSS 12.0 for Windows와 도출된 상징요소의 가중치를 파악하기 위해 AHP 프로그램인 ExpertChoice 2006을 사용하여 도출된 상징요소의 가중치별 순위를 측정하여 분석의 과학성, 논리성, 타당성을 확보하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2020

Objective evaluation of the resources of industrial heritage regeneration area is an important prerequisite for design and improvement. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively evaluate the value of the industrial heritage regeneration area. This study identifies the method (model), combining the qualitative factor and quantitative factor. (1) Establish an evaluation system (AHP Hierarchy) based on the resources of regeneration area; (2) Choose an evaluation way based on the type of resource; (3) Calculate the value and total value of various resources in the area. The research is a case study of Canal 5 resort. It expounds the using process of the method and gets the rank and total value of each type of resource in this area, the factors influencing the value (mainly concerned with income), etc. The conclusion is that the value of the reclaimed land should be composed of both the use value and the non-use value; the same factor has different influence on different resources; different factors influence one resource to different extents.