• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.89-117
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• 2017

As the industrial paradigm shifts and the manufacturing industry declines, many changes also take place in the region as well. In this regard, interest in industrial heritage as a facet of cultural heritage is on the increase. In this paper, the meaning of regional 'cultural contents' as industrial heritage is investigated within the scope of specific region. It is meant to move beyond the viewpoint of considering industrial heritage as only relating to industrial machinery and relevant landmarks from the past. The concept of industrial heritage is established more clearly through the review policy and case study analysis of existing research; the analysis is conducted to investigate the characteristics associated with it, and then to explore how best to utilize it. In particular, this paper attempts to focus on how it operates within these parameters using a spatio-temporal context as much as possible, and concentrating on the recognition and experience of the subject of industrial heritage as being traceable through human story. This research is based on the case of 'Sapporo' which focuses on modern history based on historical importance, and the 'Cheongju' case study, which contrasts the former by focusing on urban regeneration using a spatial lens. This paper identifies the possibility of regional development through the examination of past identity and diversity in the present, and highlights the features that could be linked to future usability and development. In addition, it proposes the possibility that the cycle of regional development could change in the process of the different stages of territorialization, de-territorialization and re-territorialization.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.515-540
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• 2022

The ultramafic serpentine area, the small size of 3 km², remains in Andong, South Korea. We researched the ecological flora and its structure through the 12 times field investigations from 2013 till 2018. A total of 527 taxa including the previously recorded species-list was analyzed. Among them, 331 taxa were filed up as a real flora of the serpentine area. On the vegetation land-cover map describing a characteristic aspect of species distribution, a matrix of the sparse forest by Pinus densiflora and the grassland patches were the main landscape. The study area was acknowledged as a home for the ethnobotanical species and grassland components, and clearly distinctive from the non-serpentine area. The original habitat was too deteriorated by introducing the non-site soils and exotic plants. Conclusionally a designation of a protected area and the long-term ecological monitoring were requested.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of soil fertilizers on wax content, contact angle, mineral nutrient content of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb, et Zucc.) leaves and soil acidity of Japanese red pine communities in Namsan and Kwangnung to see whether they can recover forest decline. Japenese red pine communities were treated with $Ca(OH)_2$, $Mg(OH)_2$, $Ca(OH)_2+Mg(OH)_2$+C.F.(compound fertilizer) in a randomized complete block design with 3 replication from November, 1990 through October, 1993. Wax content, contact angle value and mineral nutrient content of Japanese red pine leaves and soil pH of communities were measured and the results obtained are as follows: 1. Contact angle value and wax content of Japenese red pine leaves increased when the fertilizers were applied in soil. The order leaves grew, the smaller their contact angle values. 2. K and Ca contents of Japanese red pine leaves were higher in Namsan than in Kwangnung, whereas Mg content was higher in Kwangnung. K and Mg contents of the leaves increased with fertilization both in Namsan and Kwangnung. 3. Soil acidity of pH 4.2 ~ 4.3 was shown in Namsan and pH 4.6 ~ 4.9 in Kwangnung. No acidity changes were shown when the fertilizers were applied in soil. However with the lapse of the soil fertilizer application time, there was the indication that soil pH became higher in the fertilizer treatments than in the control.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

Increased base cation loss and Al mobilization, a consequence of soil acid neutralization responses, are common in air polluted areas showing forest decline. The prediction models of acid neutralization responses were developed by using indicators of soil acidification level(pH, and base saturation) in order to assess the forest soil sensitivity to acidification. The soil acidification level was greatest in Namsan followed by Kanghwa, Ulsan, and Hongcheon, being contrary to regional total $ANC_H$ pattern through soil columns leached with additional acid ($16.7mmol_c\;H^+/kg$), Both base exchange and Al dissolution were main acid neutralization processes in all study regions. There were low base exchange and high Al dissolution in the regions of the low total $ANC_H$. The $ANC_M$ by sulfate adsorption was greatest in Hongcheon compared with other regions even though the AN rate was very low as 6.4%. Coefficients of adjusted determination of simple and multiple regression models between soil acidification level indicators and the acid neutralization responses were more than 0.52(p<0.04) and 0.89(p<0.01), respectively. The result suggests that soil pH and base saturation are available indicators for predicting the acid neutralization responses. These prediction models could be used as an useful method to measure forest soil sensitivity to acidification.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 1993

To investigate the structure and the conservation strategy of Taxus cuspidata forest and at Birobong area in Sobeaksan. 24 plots(400$m^2$) set up with random sampling method. Four groups were classified by cluster analysis. High positive correlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Symplocos chinensis, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Pinus densiflora, Taxus cuspidata and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Prunus padus and Eunonymus macroptera, Acer mono and Styrax obassia, and high negative correlations was proved between Quercus mongolica and Taxus cuspidata, Prunus padus and Eunonymus macroptera, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Taxus cuspidata, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Prunus padus and Eunonymus macroptera. Species diversity(H') of investigated area was calculated 1.3702-2.9119. To conserve Taxus cuspidata forest at Birobong area in Sobeaksan, research and rescription on the declining of Taxus cuspidata. forest was needed and Quercus mongolica, Styrax obassia, Tripterygium regelii and Weigela subsessilis in the Taxus cuspidata forest should be cleared out.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.719-729
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• 2012

Baekdudan has 670km long within South Korea, so the study for detail vegetation characteristics is needed. In this study, we surveyed the plant community structure from Daetjae to Baekbongryung for the next restoration and management plan. We designated 40 quadrats ($10m{\times}10m(100m^2)$ for this study. As a result of TWINSPAN, plant community separated 8 different communities such as Abies koreana comm., Pinus densiflora comm., Quercus mongolica comm. and Larix kaempferi comm. etc. Abies koreana comm. and Pinus densiflora comm. which is mainly located in the mountain ridge and near rocks are needed avoidance from the competition with Quercus mongolica comm. The possibility of atrophy of these communities is to be high, the protection is needed. Species diversity index was between 0.8046~1.1283. Most communities have multi-layer structure and have the ecological value of protection.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.55-77
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the regional location factors to the lifecycle of manufacturing firms in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. A firm has a lifecycle in common like a household. The firm's lifecycle is divided into 4 sections such as formation, dissolution, growth and decline for the manufacturing firms as light industry, heavy industry and high-tech industry. In addition, the regional location factors are divided into 4 categories. As a result of this research, there are differences for the statistically significant location factors. In addition, the value for the explanation ability of each multiple linear regression model (adj. $R^2$) was high in the formation and growth sections than in dissolution and decline sections. It means that the local governments need differentiated policies considering their regional characteristics for the location factors by firm's lifecycle when they established policies for industry or job. From the view point of the public sectors, it is much important to focus on formation and growth of firms.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.413-425
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• 2003

This article aims to validate empirically and verify theoretically, the applicability of the spa town life cycle model to Bath Spa located in United Kingdom. In order to test the model, the indicators of the model that associated with the rate of transportation infrastructure, the length of stay, tourist facilities, competitive resorts, advertising, tourism policy, environmental problem and the attitude of residents were examined through a comparative analysis. According to the result of this research, the indicators of 7 items excepting competitive resorts applied to Bath Spa. The competitive resorts of Bath Spa emerge at the maturity stage differing from the model that appeared at the stagnation stage. In conclusion if the new hypothesis of competitive resorts is added to the model, the model will be applied to western spa town, which has a small scale and a long history.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.176-184
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• 2020

Due to constant development and decline on Seoul areas the Seoul government is pushing various policies to regenerate declined Seoul areas. Theses various policies lead to land-use changes around numerous Seoul districts. This study aims to create prediction model which can foresee future land-use changes and while doing so, tried to derive various influential factors which leads to land-use changes. To do so, various open-data from national departments and Seoul government have been collected and implemented into random forest algorithm. The results showed promising accuracy and derived multiple influential factors which causes land-use changes around Seoul districts. The result of this study could further be implemented in policy makings for the public sectors, or could also be used as basis for studying gentrification problems happening in Seoul Area.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2014

Recently, the Korean government is considering a policy of adopting competition in railway transportation, such as the establishment of a subsidiary company to Korail as a company to operate a part of the KTX line, the separation of deficit-running lines of local railways and the opening of railway transportation to private operators. The termination of local railway service, which is a major provider of public transportation, will not only deprive the public of a means of transportation but also lead to a decline in the quality of public transit in general. The termination of local railway service is being decisively affected by the national railway policy. The purpose of this thesis is to clarify local railway policy in Japan by studying the development and philosophy of the local railway policy of the Japanese National Railway (JNR).