• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.194-197
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• 2012

The purpose of the thesis is to develop a module which can measure precise Continuous Cardiac Output(CCO) better than existing equipments for the critical cardiopulmonary patient diagnosis purpose. This module enables more precise and effective diagnosis and treatment for the patient by compensating old method which injected cold liquid to inside of heart to measure the CCO.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.959-964
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• 2013

This study materialized the new module which enables to measure more precise data than the existing modules in order to examine the cardiac disorder critical patient's state by using Swan-Ganz Catheter. There was bolus type CO(Cardiac Output) module which measured CO by measuring the blood changes in temperature and recovery time by injecting cold sap into the heart in the past, but recently, it is not used in most of hospitals due to limit of difficulty of continuous monitoring for the patients. To overcome this limit, the continuous cardiac output measurement platform was materialized to enable the continuous monitoring for patients. The wasted cost issues because of introducing the expensive imported equipment to observe the critical patient`s state with abnormal cardiopulmonary function in the hospitals can be solved by using this new module, and the problem of existing modules should be supplemented for more accurate diagnosis by collecting more precise data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.549-552
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 심폐기능에 이상이 있는 중환자의 지속적인 감시와 진단을 위한 방법으로 Swan-Ganz Catheter를 체내에 삽입하여 심박 출량과 혼합정맥혈 산소포화도를 기존 장비들보다 정밀하게 측정할 수 있는 모듈을 개발하고자 한다. Swan-Ganz Catheter에는 두 개의 온도센서와 한개의 압력센서를 포함하고 있으며 이를 통해 입력되는 센서 값을 세밀하게 수집하고 이를 기반으로 일회 심박 출량, 전신 및 폐혈관저항, 산소소모량 등을 계산하여 환자의 상태를 보다 정확하게 진단 및 치료가 가능하게 한다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.206-215
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• 2007

Background : The prone position is often used for operations involving the spine and provides excellent surgical access. The complications associated with the prone position include ocular and auricular injuries, and musculoskeletal injuries. In particular, the prone position during general anesthesia causes hemodynamic changes. To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of the prone position in surgical patients during general anesthesia, we investigated the effects on hemodynamic change of the prone position with the Jackson spinal surgery table. Materials and Methods : Thirty patients undergoing spine surgery in the prone position were randomly selected. After induction of general anesthesia, intra-arterial and central venous pressures (CVP) were monitored and cardiac output was measured by $NICO^{(R)}$. We measured stroke volume, cardiac index, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, CVP and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) before changing the position. The same measurements were performed after changing to the prone position with the patient on the Jackson spinal surgery table. Results : In the prone position, there was a significant reduction in stroke volume, cardiac index and cardiac output. The heart rate, mean arterial pressure and CVP were also decreased in the prone position but not significantly. However, the SVR was increased significantly. Conclusion : The degree of a reduced cardiac index was less on the Jackson spinal surgery table than other conditions of the prone position. The reduced epidural pressure caused by free abdominal movement may decrease intraoperative blood loss. Therefore, the Jackson spinal surgery table provides a convenient and stable method for maintaining patients in the prone position during spinal surgery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

Background: Despite the relatively high mortality rates in the chronic heart failure model induced by coronary artery ligation are relatively high, this model has been a subject of continuos research because of its clinical correlation. Chronic heart failure model of large-sized animals is very useful to analyse mechanical or biological effects on circulatory system which is difficult in small-sized animals. The purpose of this study is to establish the heart failure model by coronary artery ligation in sheep. Material and Method: Among 9 Corridale sheep, the homonymous artery and the diagonal branch were ligated simultaneously in 2 sheep and remaining 7 sheep were assigned to successive ligation of both arteries at an interval of 1 hour. Both coronary arteries were ligated from the point 40% proximal to the apex of the heart. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters were analyzed before the ligation of the coronary artery, after the ligation of the homonymous artery, and after additional ligation of the diagonal branch. The experimental animals were sacrificed after 2 or 3 months of growth and histopathologic studies were performed Result: Immediate postoperative death occurred in the 2 sheep that had received simultaneous ligation of the homonymous artery and diagonal branch. On the other hand, all the 7 sheep that were lifated in succession were survived up to 3 months. Arterial pressure was sifnificantly decreased immediately after ligation of the homonymous artery(p<0.05), and the cardiac output was decreased and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was increased after further ligation of the diagonal branch(p<0.05). Central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and end-systolic dimension were markedly increased 3 months after ligation of coronary arteries. Anteroseptal akinesia or dyskinesia was developed after the ligation of coronary arteries. Histopathologic study revealed we]1-demarcated ischemic area of fibrosis. Conclusion: Using methods of successive ligation of the homonymous artery and diagonal branch, chronic heart failure model could be reliably established in sheep.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.210-222
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• 2000

Background: Endothelin(ET) is the most potent vasoconstrictor and bronchoconstrictor. The plasma ET-1 level is elevated in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism(APTE). This finding suggest that ET-1 may be an important mediator in the cardiopulmonary derangement of APTE. But whether ET-1 is a pathogenic mediator or a simple marker of APTE is not known. The role of ET-1 in the pathogenesis of cardiopulmonary dysfunction in APTE(delete) was investigated through an evaluation of the effects of $ET_A$-receptor antagonist on APTE. The increase in local levels of preproET-1 mRNA and ET-1 peptide in the embolized lung was also demonstrated. Methods: In a canine autologous blood clot pulmonary embolism model, $ET_A$-receptor antagonist(10 mg/kg intravenously, n=6) was administered one hour after the onset of the embolism. Hemodynamic measurements, blood gas tensions and plasma levels of ET-1 immunoreactivity in this treatment group were compared with those in the control group(n=5). After the experiment., preproET-1 mRNA expression(using Northern blot analysis) and the distribution of ET-1(by immunohistochemical analysis) in the lung tissues were examined. Results: The increases in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance of the treatment group were less than those of the control group. Decrease in cardiac output was also less in the treatment group. Complications such as systemic arterial hypotension and hypoxemia did not occur with the administration of $ET_A$-receptor antagonist The plasma level of ET-1 like(ED: what does 'like' mean?) immunoreactivity was increased after embolization in both groups but was significantly higher in the treatment group. The preproET-1 mRNA and ET-1 peptide expressions were increased in the embolized lung. Conclusion: ET-1 synthesis increases with embolization in the lung and may plays play an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiopulmonary derangement of APTE. Furthermore, $ET_A$-receptor antagonist attenuates cardiopulmonary alterations seen in APTE, suggesting a potential benefit of this therapy.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.422-425
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• 2015

This study evaluated the myocardial performance on echocardiography after the sedation/anesthesia of medetomidine (D), the combination of medetomidine and tiletamine/zolazepam (DZ), and the combination of medetomidine, tiletamine/zolazepam and tramadol (DZT) in Beagle dogs. Ten healthy adult Beagle dogs (weighing $8.6{\pm}1.0kg$) were enrolled in this study. Heart rate (HR), fractional shortening (%FS), left ventricular ejection fraction (%LVEF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), left ventricular internal diameter in systole (LVIDs) and left ventricular internal diameter in diastole (LVIDd) using M-mode echocardiography were measured prior to anesthesia, then every 10 min for 60 min. The HR, %FS, %LVEF, SV and CO were significantly decreased during sedation/anesthesia with D, DZ and DZT combination of anesthesia. Although those anesthetic protocols provided acceptable quality of sedation/anesthesia, levels of cardiovascular suppression were substantial and persistent and thus the continuous monitoring on vital signs should be accompanied in any situation. Close attention is required for dogs with pre-existing heart diseases, when those anesthetic protocols were applied.